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Neil A Richardson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of selected feed Meals and starches on diet digestibility in the mud crab scylla serrata
Aquaculture Research, 2008Co-Authors: Phuong Ha Truong, Alex J Anderson, Peter B Mather, Brian Paterson, Neil A RichardsonAbstract:The present study examined the capacity of the mud crab, Scylla serrata to digest experimental diets that contained different animal and plant-based feed Meals or different levels or types of starch. The apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) coefficients for all feed Meals tested in the first part of this study, except meat Meal, were similar (78–88%). Crude protein digestibility (ACPD) coefficients for all feed Meals were relatively high, with values ranging from 86% to 96%. Cotton seed Meal, Poultry Meal, canola Meal, fishMeal, soybean Meal and lupin Meal had similar gross energy digestibility (AGED) values (P>0.05) ranging from 84% to 89%. In the second part of this study, the impact of selected starches on the digestibility of fishMeal-based formulated diets was assessed. The apparent starch digestibility (ASD) of wheat starch decreased significantly as the inclusion level was increased from 15% to 60%, however, there was no significant effect on ACPD values. At a 30% inclusion level, the ASD of diets containing different starches decreased in the order corn>wheat>potato=rice. Moreover, ACPD values were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the diets containing corn or rice starch than in those containing wheat or potato starches.
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effect of a variety of animal plant and single cell based feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme activity in redclaw crayfish cherax quadricarinatus von martens 1868
Aquaculture, 2007Co-Authors: Ana Pavasovic, Alex J Anderson, Peter B Mather, Neil A RichardsonAbstract:Abstract Readily available agricultural products are often considered as feed ingredients when investigating cost-effective diet formulations for aquatic organisms. We investigated the potential use of fish Meal (FM), meat and bone Meal (MBM), Poultry Meal (PM), soybean Meal (SBM), canola Meal (CM), lupin Meal (LM) and brewer's yeast (BY) in dietary formulations for redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus . Test ingredients were incorporated at 30% inclusion level in a commercial redclaw pellet, and used in digestibility trials where apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) and digestive enzyme activities were measured and correlated. High ADC values were recorded for all treatments. The SBM diet had the highest apparent digestibility for dry matter (ADMD) (84.5%), crude protein (ACPD) (94.1%) and gross energy (AGED) (91.4%), while the lowest value was obtained for the diet containing MBM (75.9% ADMD; 88.5% ACPD; 85.5% AGED). Overall, ACPD was significantly higher ( P
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effect of a variety of animal plant and single cell based feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme activity in redclaw crayfish cherax quadricarinatus von martens 1868
Faculty of Science and Technology; Institute for Sustainable Resources, 2007Co-Authors: Ana Pavasovic, Alex J Anderson, Peter B Mather, Neil A RichardsonAbstract:Readily available agricultural products are often considered as feed ingredients when investigating cost effective diet formulations for aquatic organisms. We investigated the potential use of fish Meal (FM), meat and bone Meal (MBM), Poultry Meal (PM), soybean Meal (SBM), canola Meal (CM), lupin Meal (LM) and brewer’s yeast (BY) in dietary formulations for redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. Test ingredients were incorporated at 30% inclusion level in a commercial redclaw pellet, and used in digestibility trials where apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) and digestive enzyme activities were measured and correlated. High ADC values were recorded for all treatments. The SBM diet had the highest apparent digestibility for dry matter (ADMD) (84.5%), crude protein (ACPD) (94.1%) and gross energy (AGED) (91.4%), while the lowest value was obtained for the diet containing MBM (75.9% ADMD; 88.5% ACPD; 85.5% AGED). Overall, ACPD was significantly higher (P<0.05) for diets containing plant-based ingredients (93.5%) than for animal based ones (90.0%). Similar trends were observed when dry matter and crude protein digestibilities were compared for specific feed ingredients. Specific activities of protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase in mid gut (MG) gland extracts were also determined for redclaw fed test diets. Generally, carbohydrase and lipase activities in individuals fed plant-based diets were significantly higher than in those fed animal-based diets. A significant correlation was observed for enzyme activity and ADC values. Protease activity was negatively correlated with diet ADMD, ingredient (I) ADMD, IACPD and IAGED, while lipase activity was positively correlated with ACPD and IACPD. Amylase/protease ratio (A/P) was positively correlated with all digestibility coefficients except AGED. Based on these observations, we conclude that redclaw have the capacity to successfully utilise nutrients from a broad range of dietary ingredients including animal, single cell and in particular, plant matter in their diet. We also suggest that digestive enzyme secretions and the ratio in which they occur, play a key role in determining digestibility of nutrients by redclaw.
Ashild Krogdahl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alternative protein sources in the diet modulate microbiota and functionality in the distal intestine of atlantic salmon salmo salar
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Karina Gajardo, Alexander Jaramillotorres, Trond M Kortner, Daniel L Merrifield, John Tinsley, Anne Marie Bakke, Ashild KrogdahlAbstract:The present study aimed to investigate whether alternative dietary protein sources modulate the microbial communities in the distal intestine (DI) of Atlantic salmon, and whether alterations in microbiota profiles are reflected in modifications in host intestinal function and health status. A 48-day feeding trial was conducted, in which groups of fish received one of five diets: a reference diet in which fishMeal (diet FM) was the only protein source and four experimental diets with commercially relevant compositions containing alternative ingredients as partial replacements of fishMeal, i.e., Poultry Meal (diet PM), a mix of soybean Meal and wheat gluten (diet SBMWG), a mix of soy protein concentrate and Poultry Meal (diet SPCPM), and guar Meal and wheat gluten (diet GMWG). Samples were taken of DI digesta and mucosa for microbial profiling using high-throughput sequencing and from DI whole tissue for immunohistochemistry and expression profiling of marker genes for gut health. Regardless of diet, there were significant differences between the microbial populations in the digesta and the mucosa in the salmon DI. Microbial richness was higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The digesta-associated bacterial communities were more affected by the diet than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Interestingly, both legume-based diets (SBMWG and GMWG) presented high relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria in addition to alteration in the expression of a salmon gene related to cell proliferation (pcna). It was, however, not possible to ascertain the cause-effect relationship between changes in bacterial communities and the host's intestinal responses to the diets.IMPORTANCE The intestine of cultivated Atlantic salmon shows symptoms of compromised function, which are most likely caused by imbalances related to the use of new feed ingredients. Intestinal microbiota profiling may become in the future a valuable endpoint measurement in order to assess fish intestinal health status and effects of diet. The present study aimed to gain information about whether alternative dietary protein sources modulate the microbial communities in the Atlantic salmon intestine and whether alterations in microbiota profiles are reflected in alterations in host intestinal function and health status. We demonstrate here that there are substantial differences between the intestinal digesta and mucosa in the presence and abundance of bacteria. The digesta-associated microbiota showed clear dependence on the diet composition, whereas mucosa-associated microbiota appeared to be less affected by diet composition. Most important, the study identified bacterial groups associated with diet-induced gut dysfunction that may be utilized as microbial markers of gut health status in fish.
Rebecca Warnersmith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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replacement of fish Meal in diets for australian silver perch bidyanus bidyanus i digestibility of alternative ingredients
Aquaculture, 2000Co-Authors: Geoff L Allan, Scott Parkinson, Mark A Booth, David A J Stone, Stuart J Rowland, Jane Frances, Rebecca WarnersmithAbstract:Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for dry matter, nitrogen, energy and individual amino acids for 29 commonly used feed ingredients were determined for silver perch, a native Australian freshwater species currently being cultured in Australia, Taiwan and China. ADCs were determined using faeces collected following settlement. Results from 11 experiments are reported. Each experiment included a reference diet and test diets, which were composed of 69.3% reference diet, 29.7% test ingredient and 1% chromic oxide (inert indicator). Ingredients tested included Australian, Danish and Peruvian fish Meals, blood Meal, meat and bone Meals from beef and lamb, Poultry Meal, feather Meal, soybean and canola Meals (both expeller and solvent extracted for each), full fat soybeans, peanut Meal, cottonseed Meal, linola, two species of lupins, field peas, faba beans, chick peas, vetch, cow peas, wheat gluten, corn gluten Meal, two cultivars of wheat, millrun and sorghum. ADCs for dry matter, energy and nitrogen were highest for fish Meal, although several other ingredients, including some animal Meals and gluten from wheat and corn, had similar ADCs for dry matter and energy. Digestible protein from these ingredients was in the range 52-86% compared with 63-69% for fish Meals. Silver perch were capable of digesting protein very effectively in almost all ingredients tested. Amino acid availability reflected nitrogen digestibility except for Peruvian fish Meal and the two meat and bone Meals, for which the availability of some amino acids was lower, possibly indicating protein damage during processing. Oilseeds and legumes also tended to have lower ADCs for some amino acids (e.g., sulphur amino acids) than for other amino acids. Differences in ADCs for nitrogen and individual amino acids indicate the need for individual amino acid availability data. The data provided a useful starting point for least-cost formulation of diets for silver perch.
Ana Pavasovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of a variety of animal plant and single cell based feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme activity in redclaw crayfish cherax quadricarinatus von martens 1868
Aquaculture, 2007Co-Authors: Ana Pavasovic, Alex J Anderson, Peter B Mather, Neil A RichardsonAbstract:Abstract Readily available agricultural products are often considered as feed ingredients when investigating cost-effective diet formulations for aquatic organisms. We investigated the potential use of fish Meal (FM), meat and bone Meal (MBM), Poultry Meal (PM), soybean Meal (SBM), canola Meal (CM), lupin Meal (LM) and brewer's yeast (BY) in dietary formulations for redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus . Test ingredients were incorporated at 30% inclusion level in a commercial redclaw pellet, and used in digestibility trials where apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) and digestive enzyme activities were measured and correlated. High ADC values were recorded for all treatments. The SBM diet had the highest apparent digestibility for dry matter (ADMD) (84.5%), crude protein (ACPD) (94.1%) and gross energy (AGED) (91.4%), while the lowest value was obtained for the diet containing MBM (75.9% ADMD; 88.5% ACPD; 85.5% AGED). Overall, ACPD was significantly higher ( P
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effect of a variety of animal plant and single cell based feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme activity in redclaw crayfish cherax quadricarinatus von martens 1868
Faculty of Science and Technology; Institute for Sustainable Resources, 2007Co-Authors: Ana Pavasovic, Alex J Anderson, Peter B Mather, Neil A RichardsonAbstract:Readily available agricultural products are often considered as feed ingredients when investigating cost effective diet formulations for aquatic organisms. We investigated the potential use of fish Meal (FM), meat and bone Meal (MBM), Poultry Meal (PM), soybean Meal (SBM), canola Meal (CM), lupin Meal (LM) and brewer’s yeast (BY) in dietary formulations for redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. Test ingredients were incorporated at 30% inclusion level in a commercial redclaw pellet, and used in digestibility trials where apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) and digestive enzyme activities were measured and correlated. High ADC values were recorded for all treatments. The SBM diet had the highest apparent digestibility for dry matter (ADMD) (84.5%), crude protein (ACPD) (94.1%) and gross energy (AGED) (91.4%), while the lowest value was obtained for the diet containing MBM (75.9% ADMD; 88.5% ACPD; 85.5% AGED). Overall, ACPD was significantly higher (P<0.05) for diets containing plant-based ingredients (93.5%) than for animal based ones (90.0%). Similar trends were observed when dry matter and crude protein digestibilities were compared for specific feed ingredients. Specific activities of protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase in mid gut (MG) gland extracts were also determined for redclaw fed test diets. Generally, carbohydrase and lipase activities in individuals fed plant-based diets were significantly higher than in those fed animal-based diets. A significant correlation was observed for enzyme activity and ADC values. Protease activity was negatively correlated with diet ADMD, ingredient (I) ADMD, IACPD and IAGED, while lipase activity was positively correlated with ACPD and IACPD. Amylase/protease ratio (A/P) was positively correlated with all digestibility coefficients except AGED. Based on these observations, we conclude that redclaw have the capacity to successfully utilise nutrients from a broad range of dietary ingredients including animal, single cell and in particular, plant matter in their diet. We also suggest that digestive enzyme secretions and the ratio in which they occur, play a key role in determining digestibility of nutrients by redclaw.
Geoff L Allan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Replacement of fish Meal in diets for Australian silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus IV. Effects of dehulling and protein concentration on digestibility of grain legumes
2020Co-Authors: Geoff L Allan, Scott Parkinson, Mark A Booth, David A J Stone, Stuart J Rowland, Jane Frances, Rebecca Warner-smithAbstract:Abstract Ž . Apparent digestibility coefficients ADCs for dry matter, nitrogen, energy and individual amino acids for 29 commonly used feed ingredients were determined for silver perch, a native Australian freshwater species currently being cultured in Australia, Taiwan and China. ADCs were determined using faeces collected following settlement. Results from 11 experiments are reported. Each experiment included a reference diet and test diets, which were composed of 69.3% Ž . reference diet, 29.7% test ingredient and 1% chromic oxide inert indicator . Ingredients tested included Australian, Danish and Peruvian fish Meals, blood Meal, meat and bone Meals from beef Ž and lamb, Poultry Meal, feather Meal, soybean and canola Meals both expeller and solvent . extracted for each , full fat soybeans, peanut Meal, cottonseed Meal, linola, two species of lupins, field peas, faba beans, chick peas, vetch, cow peas, wheat gluten, corn gluten Meal, two cultivars of wheat, millrun and sorghum. ADCs for dry matter, energy and nitrogen were highest for fish Meal, although several other ingredients, including some animal Meals and gluten from wheat and corn, had similar ADCs for dry matter and energy. Digestible protein from these ingredients was in the range 52-86% compared with 63-69% for fish Meals. Silver perch were capable of digesting protein very effectively in almost all ingredients tested. Amino acid availability reflected nitrogen digestibility except for Peruvian fish Meal and the two meat and bone Meals, for which the availability of some amino acids was lower, possibly indicating protein damage during processing. Oilseeds and Ž . legumes also tended to have lower ADCs for some amino acids e.g., sulphur amino acids than for other amino acids. Differences in ADCs for nitrogen and individual amino acids indicate the need for individual amino acid availability data. The data provided a useful starting point for least-cost formulation of diets for silver perch.
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replacement of fish Meal in diets for australian silver perch bidyanus bidyanus i digestibility of alternative ingredients
Aquaculture, 2000Co-Authors: Geoff L Allan, Scott Parkinson, Mark A Booth, David A J Stone, Stuart J Rowland, Jane Frances, Rebecca WarnersmithAbstract:Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for dry matter, nitrogen, energy and individual amino acids for 29 commonly used feed ingredients were determined for silver perch, a native Australian freshwater species currently being cultured in Australia, Taiwan and China. ADCs were determined using faeces collected following settlement. Results from 11 experiments are reported. Each experiment included a reference diet and test diets, which were composed of 69.3% reference diet, 29.7% test ingredient and 1% chromic oxide (inert indicator). Ingredients tested included Australian, Danish and Peruvian fish Meals, blood Meal, meat and bone Meals from beef and lamb, Poultry Meal, feather Meal, soybean and canola Meals (both expeller and solvent extracted for each), full fat soybeans, peanut Meal, cottonseed Meal, linola, two species of lupins, field peas, faba beans, chick peas, vetch, cow peas, wheat gluten, corn gluten Meal, two cultivars of wheat, millrun and sorghum. ADCs for dry matter, energy and nitrogen were highest for fish Meal, although several other ingredients, including some animal Meals and gluten from wheat and corn, had similar ADCs for dry matter and energy. Digestible protein from these ingredients was in the range 52-86% compared with 63-69% for fish Meals. Silver perch were capable of digesting protein very effectively in almost all ingredients tested. Amino acid availability reflected nitrogen digestibility except for Peruvian fish Meal and the two meat and bone Meals, for which the availability of some amino acids was lower, possibly indicating protein damage during processing. Oilseeds and legumes also tended to have lower ADCs for some amino acids (e.g., sulphur amino acids) than for other amino acids. Differences in ADCs for nitrogen and individual amino acids indicate the need for individual amino acid availability data. The data provided a useful starting point for least-cost formulation of diets for silver perch.