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Jesse Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An update on electrostatic Powder Coating for pharmaceuticals
Particuology, 2017Co-Authors: Qingliang Yang, Kwok Chow, Yingliang Ma, Jesse Zhu, Kaiqi ShiAbstract:Derived from dry Powder Coating of metals, electrostatic Powder Coating for pharmaceuticals is a technology for Coating drug solid dosage forms. In this technology, Coating Powders, containing Coating polymers, pigments, and other excipients, are directly sprayed onto the surface of the solid dosage forms through an electrostatic gun without using any organic solvent or water. The deposited Coating Powders are further cured to form a Coating film. Electrostatic Powder Coating technology has many advantages compared to other pharmaceutical Coating methods. It can eliminate the limitations caused by the organic solvent in solvent Coating such as environmental issues and health problems. And electrostatic Powder Coating technology also surpasses aqueous Coating due to its shorter processing time and less energy consumption, leading to a lower overall cost. Furthermore, the utilization of electrical attraction can promote the movement of Coating Powders towards the substrate, leading to an enhanced Coating Powder adhesion and Coating efficiency, which make it more promising compared to other dry Coating technologies. The objective of this review is to summarize the Coating principles, apparatus, and formulations of different electrostatic Powder Coating technologies, giving their advantages and limitations and also analyzing the future application in the industry for each technology.
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Mimicking lotus leaf: Development of micro-nanostructured biomimetic superhydrophobic polymeric surfaces by ultrafine Powder Coating technology
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Mohammad Sayem Mozumder, Hui Zhang, Jesse ZhuAbstract:This study demonstrates the development of polymeric superhydrophobic surfaces by a solvent-free ultrafine Powder Coating (UPC) technique for the first time. The developed surfaces exhibit lotus effect with water contact angles (CAs) of over 160 degrees and sliding angle (SA) of less than 5 degrees. It is evident that the higher CA and lower SA of the low-energy surfaces are attributed to the appropriate surface textures of micro-and/or nano-scales. AFM and SEM images revealed the unique double-scale hierarchical (micro-and nano) structures on the developed superhydrophobic surfaces. As an additional advantage, these superhydrophobic UPC technology eliminates the use of toxic solvents that are responsible for the hazardous emissions of VOCs. Therefore, fabrication of polymeric superhydrophobic surfaces by solvent-free PC technique has enormous opportunities for a revolutionary expansion in Coating industry to save the surfaces from the intervention of moisture.
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Sustained release Coating of tablets with Eudragit®RS/RL using a novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating process
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2010Co-Authors: Mingxi Qiao, Tyler Shawn Stephenson, Yingliang Ma, Yanfeng Luo, Liqiang Zhang, Jesse ZhuAbstract:The objectives of this study were to develop an electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for sustained Coating tablets with Eudragit®RS/RL and to investigate the effects of various factors and operating conditions on the Coating process and drug release profile. A liquid plasticizer (triethyl citrate) was sprayed onto the surface of the tablets followed by spraying Coating Powder by an electrostatic spray gun. The Powder coated tablets were cured at elevated temperature for a film formation. Liquid plasticizer played important roles in lowering down the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the Coating polymer and increasing the surface electrical conduction of tablet cores. Electrostatic assisted Coating deposition was confirmed by the fact that higher Coating level was obtained with electrical charging than the ones without it. The micrographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of coated tablets showed that the film formation mainly occurred during the curing step. Higher curing temperature and longer curing time help enhance the film formation. The in vitro drug release profiles indicated that curing time, temperature, Coating level and ratio of Eudragit®RS/RL were the main factors affecting the sustained release profile. The electrostatic dry Powder Coating process has been demonstrated to be an alternative for tablet sustained release Coating with Eudragit®RS and RL. © 2010.
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A novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for pharmaceutical dosage forms: Immediate release Coatings for tablets
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2010Co-Authors: Mingxi Qiao, Jesse Zhu, Yingliang Ma, Liqiang Zhang, Kwok ChowAbstract:An electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for pharmaceutical solid dosage forms was developed for the first time by electrostatic dry Powder Coating in a pan coater system. Two immediate release Coating compositions with Opadry® AMB and Eudragit® EPO were successfully applied using this process. A liquid plasticizer was sprayed onto the surface of the tablet cores to increase the conductivity of tablet cores to enhance particle deposition, electrical resistivity reduced from greater than 1×1013Ωm to less than 1×109Ωm, and to lower the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the Coating polymer for film forming in the pan coater. The application of liquid plasticizer was followed by spraying charged Coating particles using an electrostatic charging gun to enhance the uniform deposition on tablet surface. The Coating particles were coalesced into a thin film by curing at an acceptable processing temperature as formation was confirmed by SEM micrographs. The results also show that the optimized dry Powder Coating process produces tablets with smooth surface, good Coating uniformity and release profile that are comparable to that of the tablet cores. The data also suggest that this novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating technique is an alternative to aqueous- or solvent-based Coating process for pharmaceutical products. © 2010.
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Dry Powder Coating of pharmaceutical tablets
AIChE Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, 2007Co-Authors: Yingliang Ma, Kwok Chow, Sooky Lum, Yanfeng Luo, Jesse Zhu, Liqiang Zhang, J. HuangAbstract:A novel dry Powder Coating process has been developed for Coating pharmaceutical tablets without organic solvent or water. A series of dry Powder formulations were designed for several pharmaceutical applications including fast release, moisture protective films, delayed release and sustained release. Conventional Coating pharmaceutical polymers, such as such as Eudragit RS, Eudragit RL, Eudragit L, Eudragit E PO and Acryl-eze MP, in combination with standard excipients were successfully coated onto tablets of different surface properties by electrostatic deposition using conventional non-perforated Coating pans. In the process, the uncoated tablets were heated to a defined temperature. Then the dry Powder formulation and other ingredients (if required) were sprayed separately onto the surface of tablets in the rotating Coating pan using a electrostatical spray gun and appropriate processing equipment (as needed) under controlled conditions. After the electrostatic Powder deposition, the coated tablets were cured completely. Suitable operating parameters for the dry Powder Coating process were determined by optimizing the spraying speed, temperature, atomization pressure and curing time. The surface of polymer film was visually examined by scanning electron and optical microscopy. Drug dissolution study of both coated and uncoated tablets were also carried out according to the method described in the USP (Apparatus 2; 37°C; 50 rpm). The results showed that the coated tablet surface was very uniform, meeting the quality requirements for commercial manufacturing. The drug release profiles were comparable to the target profiles and also to the expected profiles generated from solvent or aqueous Coating. The benefits of electrostatic dry Powder Coating of pharmaceutical tablets include significant energy savings, simple equipment, and reduction of air handling and cleaning requirements leading to lower capital and operation costs. In view of the environmental and cost benefits, dry Powder Coating using conventional exicipients and equipment will likely to be commercialized in the pharmaceutical industry.
Yingliang Ma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An update on electrostatic Powder Coating for pharmaceuticals
Particuology, 2017Co-Authors: Qingliang Yang, Kwok Chow, Yingliang Ma, Jesse Zhu, Kaiqi ShiAbstract:Derived from dry Powder Coating of metals, electrostatic Powder Coating for pharmaceuticals is a technology for Coating drug solid dosage forms. In this technology, Coating Powders, containing Coating polymers, pigments, and other excipients, are directly sprayed onto the surface of the solid dosage forms through an electrostatic gun without using any organic solvent or water. The deposited Coating Powders are further cured to form a Coating film. Electrostatic Powder Coating technology has many advantages compared to other pharmaceutical Coating methods. It can eliminate the limitations caused by the organic solvent in solvent Coating such as environmental issues and health problems. And electrostatic Powder Coating technology also surpasses aqueous Coating due to its shorter processing time and less energy consumption, leading to a lower overall cost. Furthermore, the utilization of electrical attraction can promote the movement of Coating Powders towards the substrate, leading to an enhanced Coating Powder adhesion and Coating efficiency, which make it more promising compared to other dry Coating technologies. The objective of this review is to summarize the Coating principles, apparatus, and formulations of different electrostatic Powder Coating technologies, giving their advantages and limitations and also analyzing the future application in the industry for each technology.
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Sustained release Coating of tablets with Eudragit®RS/RL using a novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating process
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2010Co-Authors: Mingxi Qiao, Tyler Shawn Stephenson, Yingliang Ma, Yanfeng Luo, Liqiang Zhang, Jesse ZhuAbstract:The objectives of this study were to develop an electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for sustained Coating tablets with Eudragit®RS/RL and to investigate the effects of various factors and operating conditions on the Coating process and drug release profile. A liquid plasticizer (triethyl citrate) was sprayed onto the surface of the tablets followed by spraying Coating Powder by an electrostatic spray gun. The Powder coated tablets were cured at elevated temperature for a film formation. Liquid plasticizer played important roles in lowering down the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the Coating polymer and increasing the surface electrical conduction of tablet cores. Electrostatic assisted Coating deposition was confirmed by the fact that higher Coating level was obtained with electrical charging than the ones without it. The micrographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of coated tablets showed that the film formation mainly occurred during the curing step. Higher curing temperature and longer curing time help enhance the film formation. The in vitro drug release profiles indicated that curing time, temperature, Coating level and ratio of Eudragit®RS/RL were the main factors affecting the sustained release profile. The electrostatic dry Powder Coating process has been demonstrated to be an alternative for tablet sustained release Coating with Eudragit®RS and RL. © 2010.
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A novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for pharmaceutical dosage forms: Immediate release Coatings for tablets
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2010Co-Authors: Mingxi Qiao, Jesse Zhu, Yingliang Ma, Liqiang Zhang, Kwok ChowAbstract:An electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for pharmaceutical solid dosage forms was developed for the first time by electrostatic dry Powder Coating in a pan coater system. Two immediate release Coating compositions with Opadry® AMB and Eudragit® EPO were successfully applied using this process. A liquid plasticizer was sprayed onto the surface of the tablet cores to increase the conductivity of tablet cores to enhance particle deposition, electrical resistivity reduced from greater than 1×1013Ωm to less than 1×109Ωm, and to lower the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the Coating polymer for film forming in the pan coater. The application of liquid plasticizer was followed by spraying charged Coating particles using an electrostatic charging gun to enhance the uniform deposition on tablet surface. The Coating particles were coalesced into a thin film by curing at an acceptable processing temperature as formation was confirmed by SEM micrographs. The results also show that the optimized dry Powder Coating process produces tablets with smooth surface, good Coating uniformity and release profile that are comparable to that of the tablet cores. The data also suggest that this novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating technique is an alternative to aqueous- or solvent-based Coating process for pharmaceutical products. © 2010.
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Dry Powder Coating of pharmaceutical tablets
AIChE Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, 2007Co-Authors: Yingliang Ma, Kwok Chow, Sooky Lum, Yanfeng Luo, Jesse Zhu, Liqiang Zhang, J. HuangAbstract:A novel dry Powder Coating process has been developed for Coating pharmaceutical tablets without organic solvent or water. A series of dry Powder formulations were designed for several pharmaceutical applications including fast release, moisture protective films, delayed release and sustained release. Conventional Coating pharmaceutical polymers, such as such as Eudragit RS, Eudragit RL, Eudragit L, Eudragit E PO and Acryl-eze MP, in combination with standard excipients were successfully coated onto tablets of different surface properties by electrostatic deposition using conventional non-perforated Coating pans. In the process, the uncoated tablets were heated to a defined temperature. Then the dry Powder formulation and other ingredients (if required) were sprayed separately onto the surface of tablets in the rotating Coating pan using a electrostatical spray gun and appropriate processing equipment (as needed) under controlled conditions. After the electrostatic Powder deposition, the coated tablets were cured completely. Suitable operating parameters for the dry Powder Coating process were determined by optimizing the spraying speed, temperature, atomization pressure and curing time. The surface of polymer film was visually examined by scanning electron and optical microscopy. Drug dissolution study of both coated and uncoated tablets were also carried out according to the method described in the USP (Apparatus 2; 37°C; 50 rpm). The results showed that the coated tablet surface was very uniform, meeting the quality requirements for commercial manufacturing. The drug release profiles were comparable to the target profiles and also to the expected profiles generated from solvent or aqueous Coating. The benefits of electrostatic dry Powder Coating of pharmaceutical tablets include significant energy savings, simple equipment, and reduction of air handling and cleaning requirements leading to lower capital and operation costs. In view of the environmental and cost benefits, dry Powder Coating using conventional exicipients and equipment will likely to be commercialized in the pharmaceutical industry.
Mingxi Qiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustained release Coating of tablets with Eudragit®RS/RL using a novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating process
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2010Co-Authors: Mingxi Qiao, Tyler Shawn Stephenson, Yingliang Ma, Yanfeng Luo, Liqiang Zhang, Jesse ZhuAbstract:The objectives of this study were to develop an electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for sustained Coating tablets with Eudragit®RS/RL and to investigate the effects of various factors and operating conditions on the Coating process and drug release profile. A liquid plasticizer (triethyl citrate) was sprayed onto the surface of the tablets followed by spraying Coating Powder by an electrostatic spray gun. The Powder coated tablets were cured at elevated temperature for a film formation. Liquid plasticizer played important roles in lowering down the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the Coating polymer and increasing the surface electrical conduction of tablet cores. Electrostatic assisted Coating deposition was confirmed by the fact that higher Coating level was obtained with electrical charging than the ones without it. The micrographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of coated tablets showed that the film formation mainly occurred during the curing step. Higher curing temperature and longer curing time help enhance the film formation. The in vitro drug release profiles indicated that curing time, temperature, Coating level and ratio of Eudragit®RS/RL were the main factors affecting the sustained release profile. The electrostatic dry Powder Coating process has been demonstrated to be an alternative for tablet sustained release Coating with Eudragit®RS and RL. © 2010.
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A novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for pharmaceutical dosage forms: Immediate release Coatings for tablets
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2010Co-Authors: Mingxi Qiao, Jesse Zhu, Yingliang Ma, Liqiang Zhang, Kwok ChowAbstract:An electrostatic dry Powder Coating process for pharmaceutical solid dosage forms was developed for the first time by electrostatic dry Powder Coating in a pan coater system. Two immediate release Coating compositions with Opadry® AMB and Eudragit® EPO were successfully applied using this process. A liquid plasticizer was sprayed onto the surface of the tablet cores to increase the conductivity of tablet cores to enhance particle deposition, electrical resistivity reduced from greater than 1×1013Ωm to less than 1×109Ωm, and to lower the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the Coating polymer for film forming in the pan coater. The application of liquid plasticizer was followed by spraying charged Coating particles using an electrostatic charging gun to enhance the uniform deposition on tablet surface. The Coating particles were coalesced into a thin film by curing at an acceptable processing temperature as formation was confirmed by SEM micrographs. The results also show that the optimized dry Powder Coating process produces tablets with smooth surface, good Coating uniformity and release profile that are comparable to that of the tablet cores. The data also suggest that this novel electrostatic dry Powder Coating technique is an alternative to aqueous- or solvent-based Coating process for pharmaceutical products. © 2010.
Claude Bunel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new UV-curable Powder Coating based on a α,ω-unsaturated copolyamide 6/11/12
European Polymer Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Marion N.negue Mintsa, Laurence Lecamp, Claude BunelAbstract:This work deals with the elaboration of a new UV-curable Powder Coating for heat sensitive substrates. This Powder contains a α,ω-unsaturated copolyamide 6/11/12 having a melting point of 107 °C and 4% (w/w) of photoinitiator. After description of the copolyamide synthesis, the photochemical reaction was investigated in the presence of two Norrish II photoinitiators (benzophenone and 4-phenylbenzophenone). The influence of the photocrosslinking on the crystallinity of the ultimate materials was studied. It was shown that the photochemical reaction can take place even when the sample is at the solid state and that its yield increases with the temperature and the time of irradiation. Lastly, the influence of the crystallinity/crosslinking ratio was characterized by measuring the swelling of the UV-cured materials into different solvents. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Roland Bodmeier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dry polymer Powder Coating and comparison with conventional liquid-based Coatings for Eudragit® RS, ethylcellulose and shellac
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2003Co-Authors: Nantharat Pearnchob, Roland BodmeierAbstract:Drug-layered pellets were coated with micronized polymer Powders (Eudragit® RS, ethylcellulose, and shellac) by a dry Powder Coating technique as an alternative to organic- and aqueous-based Coatings (Eudragit® RS 30D, Aquacoat® ECD) were investigated. High plasticizer concentrations (40%) and a thermal after-treatment (curing) were necessary for the coalescence of the polymer particles and good film formation. Ethylcellulose required a higher curing temperature and time than Eudragit® RS because of its higher glass transition temperature (133 versus 58°C). A smaller polymer particle size also promoted film formation. In general, pellets coated with polymer Powders required higher Coating levels to obtain similar drug release patterns as pellets coated with organic polymer solutions and aqueous polymer dispersions. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Coating of pellets with micronized ethylcellulose particles by a dry Powder Coating technique
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2003Co-Authors: Nantharat Pearnchob, Roland BodmeierAbstract:Pellets were coated with ethylcellulose Powder to achieve extended release. The film forming ability of ethylcellulose Powder and the effect of formulation factors (plasticizer type and concentration) and curing conditions (curing temperature and time) were investigated. The Coating formulation was divided into two components consisting of a Powder mixture (polymer plus talc) and a mixture of liquid materials (plasticizer plus binder solution), which were sprayed separately into the Coating chamber of a fluidized bed coater (Glatt® GPCG-1, Wurster insert). The coated pellets were oven-cured under different conditions (60-80°C, 2-24h) without and with humidity (100% relative humidity). Propranolol hydrochloride was used as a model drug, and drug release was studied in 0.1N HCl at 37°C (USP XXV paddle method). Despite the high glass transition temperature of ethylcellulose (133.4°C), micronized ethylcellulose Powder can be used for dry Powder Coating by adjusting the Coating temperature, amount and type of plasticizer applied, and curing conditions. 40% plasticizer and a curing step (80°C, 24h) were required to achieve complete coalescence of the polymer particles and extended drug release of coated pellets. Although ethylcellulose-coated pellets had an uneven surface, extended drug release could be obtained with Coating level of 15%. Because of its high glass transition temperature, ethylcellulose-coated pellets showed unchanged drug release profiles upon storage at room temperature for 3 years. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Dry Powder Coating of Pellets with Micronized Eudragit® RS for Extended Drug Release
Pharmaceutical Research, 2003Co-Authors: Nantharat Pearnchob, Roland BodmeierAbstract:PURPOSE: To develop a novel Powder Coating technology for extended-release pellets based on the acrylic polymer, Eudragit RS. METHODS: A mixture of micronized Eudragit RS plus talc and a liquid feed (plasticizer plus binder solution) were sprayed separately onto propranolol hydrochloride-loaded pellets in a fluidized bed coater. The coated pellets were heat-cured under different conditions (40 degrees C to 60 degrees C, 2 h to 24 h). The coalescence (film formation) of the polymer particles was studied via the determination of the glass transition and the minimum polymer-softening temperatures (MST). The coated pellets were characterized with respect to their morphologic, release, and stability properties. RESULTS: The optimum plasticizer type and concentration and process temperatures could be identified by the determination of the MST. High concentrations of plasticizer (40% based on the polymer) and a thermal treatment were necessary to achieve complete film formation and extended drug release. Curing the pellets resulted in release profiles, which did not change during storage for 3 years. The coated pellets had a smooth, continuous surface and a dense film structure after curing. CONCLUSIONS: This novel Coating technique avoids the use of organic polymer solutions or latex dispersions, has short processing times, and results in stable extended-release profiles.