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Sang-chul Jung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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highly selective catalytic properties of hzsm 5 zeolite in the synthesis of acetyl Triethyl Citrate by the acetylation of Triethyl Citrate with acetic anhydride
Catalysts, 2017Co-Authors: Kyong Hwan Chung, Sangmin Jeong, Young-kwon Park, Sang-chul JungAbstract:The catalytic activities of acid catalysts for the acetylation of Triethyl Citrate with acetic anhydride in the preparation of acetyl Triethyl Citrate were evaluated. Microporous zeolites such as HZSM-5 and HY zeolites catalysts were introduced as heterogeneous acid catalysts. HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts showed a high conversion of Triethyl Citrate and excellent selectivity of acetyl Triethyl Citrate. The catalytic activities of HZSM-5 zeolites were superior to those of the HY zeolites. In particular, the selectivity of acetyl Triethyl Citrate on HZSM-5 zeolites exceeded 95%. The moderate acid strength of HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 75) zeolite led to the highest catalytic activities among the HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts, which have various acid strengths.
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Highly Selective Catalytic Properties of HZSM-5 Zeolite in the Synthesis of Acetyl Triethyl Citrate by the Acetylation of Triethyl Citrate with Acetic Anhydride
Catalysts, 2017Co-Authors: Kyong Hwan Chung, Sangmin Jeong, Hangun Kim, Sun Jae Kim, Young-kwon Park, Sang-chul JungAbstract:© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The catalytic activities of acid catalysts for the acetylation of Triethyl Citrate with acetic anhydride in the preparation of acetyl Triethyl Citrate were evaluated. Microporous zeolites such as HZSM‐5 and HY zeolites catalysts were introduced as heterogeneous acid catalysts. HZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts showed a high conversion of Triethyl Citrate and excellent selectivity of acetyl Triethyl Citrate. The catalytic activities of HZSM‐5 zeolites were superior to those of the HY zeolites. In particular, the selectivity of acetyl Triethyl Citrate on HZSM‐5 zeolites exceeded 95%. The moderate acid strength of HZSM‐5 (Si/Al = 75) zeolite led to the highest catalytic activities among the HZSM‐ 5 zeolite catalysts, which have various acid strengths.
Kristiina Oksman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crystallization of Triethyl Citrate plasticized poly lactic acid induced by chitin nanocrystals
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2019Co-Authors: Shikha Singh, Maria Lluisa Maspoch, Kristiina OksmanAbstract:The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the crystallization behavior of Triethyl-Citrate-plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA–TEC) in the presence of chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). The isothermal crystallization behavior of PLA–TEC was studied by polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Interestingly, the addition of just 1 wt % ChNCs in PLA–TEC increased the crystallization rate in the temperature range of 135–125 °C. The microscopy studies confirmed the presence of at least three distinct types of spherulites: negative, neutral, and ring banded. The ChNCs also increased the degree of crystallinity up to 32%, even at a fast cooling rate of 25?°C min-1. The XRD studies further revealed the nucleation effect induced by the addition of ChNCs and thus explained the faster crystallization rate. To conclude, the addition of a small amount (1 wt %) of ChNC to plasticized PLA significantly affected its nucleation, crystal size, and crystallization speed; therefore, the proposed route can be considered suitable for improving the crystallization behavior of PLA.
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Triethyl Citrate tec as a dispersing aid in polylactic acid chitin nanocomposites prepared via liquid assisted extrusion
Polymers, 2017Co-Authors: Natalia Herrera, Anshu Anjali Singh, Asier M Salaberria, Jalel Labidi, Aji P Mathew, Kristiina OksmanAbstract:The production of fully bio-based and biodegradable nanocomposites has gained attention during recent years due to environmental reasons; however, the production of these nanocomposites on the large-scale is challenging. Polylactic acid/chitin nanocrystal (PLA/ChNC) nanocomposites with Triethyl Citrate (TEC) at varied concentrations (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt %) were prepared using liquid-assisted extrusion. The goal was to find the minimum amount of the TEC plasticizer needed to enhance the ChNC dispersion. The microscopy study showed that the dispersion and distribution of the ChNC into PLA improved with the increasing TEC content. Hence, the nanocomposite with the highest plasticizer content (7.5 wt %) showed the highest optical transparency and improved thermal and mechanical properties compared with its counterpart without the ChNC. Gel permeation chromatography confirmed that the water and ethanol used during the extrusion did not degrade PLA. Further, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed improved interaction between PLA and ChNC through hydrogen bonding when TEC was added. All results confirmed that the plasticizer plays an important role as a dispersing aid in the processing of PLA/ChNC nanocomposites.
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Triethyl Citrate (TEC) as a Dispersing Aid in Polylactic Acid/Chitin Nanocomposites Prepared via Liquid-Assisted Extrusion
Polymers, 2017Co-Authors: Natalia Herrera, Anshu Anjali Singh, Asier M Salaberria, Jalel Labidi, Aji P Mathew, Kristiina OksmanAbstract:The production of fully bio-based and biodegradable nanocomposites has gained attention during recent years due to environmental reasons; however, the production of these nanocomposites on the large-scale is challenging. Polylactic acid/chitin nanocrystal (PLA/ChNC) nanocomposites with Triethyl Citrate (TEC) at varied concentrations (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt %) were prepared using liquid-assisted extrusion. The goal was to find the minimum amount of the TEC plasticizer needed to enhance the ChNC dispersion. The microscopy study showed that the dispersion and distribution of the ChNC into PLA improved with the increasing TEC content. Hence, the nanocomposite with the highest plasticizer content (7.5 wt %) showed the highest optical transparency and improved thermal and mechanical properties compared with its counterpart without the ChNC. Gel permeation chromatography confirmed that the water and ethanol used during the extrusion did not degrade PLA. Further, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed improved interaction between PLA and ChNC through hydrogen bonding when TEC was added. All results confirmed that the plasticizer plays an important role as a dispersing aid in the processing of PLA/ChNC nanocomposites.
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Melt spinning of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) nanocomposite fibers reinforced by cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW)
2013Co-Authors: Saleh Hooshmand, Aji P Mathew, Mikael Skrifvars, Kristiina OksmanAbstract:Bio-based continuous fibers were processed by melt spinning of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) as well as environmental friendly plasticizer, Triethyl Citrate (TEC ...
Amar K. Mohanty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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green nanocomposites from cellulose acetate bioplastic and clay effect of eco friendly Triethyl Citrate plasticizer
Biomacromolecules, 2004Co-Authors: Hwan Man Park, Lawrence T Drzal, Manjusri Misra, Amar K. MohantyAbstract:“Green” nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA) powder, eco-friendly Triethyl Citrate (TEC) plasticizer and organically modified clay. The effect of the amount of plasticizer varying from 15 to 40 wt % on the performance of the nanocomposites has been evaluated. The morphologies of these nanocomposites were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites are correlated with the XRD and TEM observations. Cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites with 20 wt % TEC plasticizer and 5 wt % organoclay showed better intercalation and an exfoliated structure than the counterpart having 30/40 wt % plasticizers. The tensile strength, modulus and thermal stability of cellulosic plastic reinforced with organoclay showed a decreasing trend with an increase of plasticizer content from 20 to 40 wt %. The nano-reinforcement at the lower volume fractions (φ ≤ 0.02) red...
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Sustainable Nanocomposite Materials from Cellulosic Plastics
2004Co-Authors: Lawrence T Drzal, Manjusri Misra, Amar K. Mohanty, Hwan Man ParkAbstract:Injection molded nanocomposites were successfully fabricated from Triethyl Citrate (TEC) plasticized cellulose acetate (CA) and organically modified clay. Maleic anhydride grafted cellulose acetate butyrate (MA-g-CAB) was used as a compatibilizer. The effect of compatibilizer contents on the performance of these nanocomposites were evaluated. The mechanical properties of these nanocomposites were correlated with the XRD and TEM observations. Cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites with 3 wt.% compatibilizer showed better exfoliated structure than the counterpart having 0 or 7.5 wt.% compatibilizer contents. The use of compatibizer improved the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and thermal stability of these nanocomposites as compared to the counterpart nanocomposite in absence of the said specific compatibilizer.
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"Green" nanocomposites from cellulose acetate bioplastic and clay: Effect of eco-friendly Triethyl Citrate plasticizer
Biomacromolecules, 2004Co-Authors: Hwan Man Park, Lawrence T Drzal, Manjusri Misra, Amar K. MohantyAbstract:"Green" nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA) powder, eco-friendly Triethyl Citrate (TEC) plasticizer and organically modified clay. The effect of the amount of plasticizer varying from 15 to 40 wt % on the performance of the nanocomposites has been evaluated. The morphologies of these nanocomposites were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites are correlated with the XRD and TEM observations. Cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites with 20 wt % TEC plasticizer and 5 wt % organoclay showed better intercalation and an exfoliated structure than the counterpart having 30/40 wt % plasticizers. The tensile strength, modulus and thermal stability of cellulosic plastic reinforced with organoclay showed a decreasing trend with an increase of plasticizer content from 20 to 40 wt %. The nano-reinforcement at the lower volume fractions (phi < or = 0.02) reduced the water vapor permeability of cellulosic plastic by 2 times and the relative permeability better fits with larger platelet aspect ratios (alpha = 150).
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Injection molded "green" nanocomposite materials from renewable resources
2004Co-Authors: Manjusri Misra, Hwan Man Park, Amar K. Mohanty, Lawrence T DrzalAbstract:Injection molded 'green' nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA), Triethyl Citrate (TEC) plasticizer and organically modified clay. The effects of processing conditions, amount of plasticizer, various types and content of organo-clays on the performance of these nanocomposites has been evaluated. The cellulosic plastic with 80 wt. % pure cellulose acetate and 20 wt.% Triethyl Citrate plasticizer was used as the polymer matrix for nanocomposite fabrication. The morphologies of these nanocomposites were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites have been are correlated with the XRD and TEM observations. Cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites with 5 and 10 wt.% organoclay showed better exfoliated and intercalated structure than the counterpart having 15 wt.% organo-clay. The tensile strength and modulus of cellulosic plastic reinforced with 10 wt.% organo-clay was improved by 75 and 180% respectively. Thermal stability of cellulosic plastic is increased as a result of nano-reinforcement.
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Sequential mixing methods of environmentally benign nanocomposites from cellulose acetate/plasticizer/organoclay system
2004Co-Authors: Hwan Man Park, Manjusri Misra, Amar K. Mohanty, Lawrence T DrzalAbstract:Injection molded nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA), Triethyl Citrate (TEC) plasticizer and organically modified clay. The effect of sequential mixing methods and plasticizing conditions on the performance of these nanocomposites has been evaluated. The mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites are correlated with the XRD and TEM observations. Cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites with 75-minute pre-prasticized CA/TEC/organoclay showed the best exfoliated structure.
Kyong Hwan Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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highly selective catalytic properties of hzsm 5 zeolite in the synthesis of acetyl Triethyl Citrate by the acetylation of Triethyl Citrate with acetic anhydride
Catalysts, 2017Co-Authors: Kyong Hwan Chung, Sangmin Jeong, Young-kwon Park, Sang-chul JungAbstract:The catalytic activities of acid catalysts for the acetylation of Triethyl Citrate with acetic anhydride in the preparation of acetyl Triethyl Citrate were evaluated. Microporous zeolites such as HZSM-5 and HY zeolites catalysts were introduced as heterogeneous acid catalysts. HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts showed a high conversion of Triethyl Citrate and excellent selectivity of acetyl Triethyl Citrate. The catalytic activities of HZSM-5 zeolites were superior to those of the HY zeolites. In particular, the selectivity of acetyl Triethyl Citrate on HZSM-5 zeolites exceeded 95%. The moderate acid strength of HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 75) zeolite led to the highest catalytic activities among the HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts, which have various acid strengths.
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Highly Selective Catalytic Properties of HZSM-5 Zeolite in the Synthesis of Acetyl Triethyl Citrate by the Acetylation of Triethyl Citrate with Acetic Anhydride
Catalysts, 2017Co-Authors: Kyong Hwan Chung, Sangmin Jeong, Hangun Kim, Sun Jae Kim, Young-kwon Park, Sang-chul JungAbstract:© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The catalytic activities of acid catalysts for the acetylation of Triethyl Citrate with acetic anhydride in the preparation of acetyl Triethyl Citrate were evaluated. Microporous zeolites such as HZSM‐5 and HY zeolites catalysts were introduced as heterogeneous acid catalysts. HZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts showed a high conversion of Triethyl Citrate and excellent selectivity of acetyl Triethyl Citrate. The catalytic activities of HZSM‐5 zeolites were superior to those of the HY zeolites. In particular, the selectivity of acetyl Triethyl Citrate on HZSM‐5 zeolites exceeded 95%. The moderate acid strength of HZSM‐5 (Si/Al = 75) zeolite led to the highest catalytic activities among the HZSM‐ 5 zeolite catalysts, which have various acid strengths.
Jianfeng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physical characterization of coupled poly lactic acid starch maleic anhydride blends plasticized by acetyl Triethyl Citrate
Macromolecular Bioscience, 2004Co-Authors: Jianfeng ZhangAbstract:Acetyl Triethyl Citrate (ATC) was used as a plasticizer for poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/starch blends coupled with maleic anhydride and an initiator of 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane (L101). Elongation of the blend at break was markedly increased when the ATC content was above the 8% loading level, which is referred to as the percolation threshold. The extended elongation was achieved at the expense of tensile strength and elastic modulus. Thermal transitions of the blend, including the glass transition temperature (T g ), cold crystallization temperature (T c ) and melting temperature (T m ), decreased with ATC content, Thermally induced ATC migration affected the thermal behavior of the plasticized blends and reduced elongation and tensile strength, whereas the elasticity modulus increased. ATC migration increased with ambient temperature, which was controlled by the activation energy of the blend system. Leaching of ATC was slow at room temperature in distilled water, but significant in boiling water. Additionally, the leaching rate was also directly proportional to the ATC content of the blend.
