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Robert T. Withers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Power Output During a Professional Men’s Road-Cycling Tour
International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2006Co-Authors: Tammie R. Ebert, David T. Martin, Brian Stephens, Robert T. WithersAbstract:Purpose: To quantify the Power-Output demands of men’s road-cycling stage racing using a direct measure of Power Output. Methods: Power-Output data were collected from 207 races over 6 competition years on 31 Australian national male road cyclists. Subjects performed a maximal graded exercise test in the laboratory to determine maximum aerobic-Power Output, and bicycles were fitted with SRM Power meters. Races were described as fl at, hilly, or criterium, and linear mixed modeling was used to compare the races. Results: Criterium was the shortest race and displayed the highest mean Power Output (criterium 262 ± 30 v hilly 203 ± 32 v fl at 188 ± 30 W), percentage total race time above 7.5 W/kg (crite-rium 15.5% ± 4.1% v hilly 3.8% ± 1.7% v fl at 3.5% ± 1.4%) and SD in Power Output (criterium 250 v hilly 165 v fl at 169 W). Approximately 67%, 80%, and 85% of total race time was spent below 5 W/kg for criterium, hilly and fl at races, respectively. About 70, 40, and 20 sprints above maximum aerobic-Power out...
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Power Output during women’s World Cup road cycle racing
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Tammie R. Ebert, David T. Martin, Warren Mcdonald, James Victor, John Plummer, Robert T. WithersAbstract:Little information exists on the Power Output demands of competitive women’s road cycle racing. The purpose of our investigation was to document the Power Output generated by elite female road cyclists who achieved success in FLAT and HILLY World Cup races. Power Output data were collected from 27 top-20 World Cup finishes (19 FLAT and 8 HILLY) achieved by 15 nationally ranked cyclists (mean ± SD; age: 24.1±4.0 years; body mass: 57.9±3.6 kg; height: 168.7±5.6 cm; $$\ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2\max}}:$$ 63.6±2.4 mL kg^−1 min^−1; peak Power during graded exercise test (GXT_peak Power): 310±25 W). The GXT determined GXT_peak Power, $$\ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2\ peak}},$$ lactate threshold (LT) and anaerobic threshold (AT). Bicycles were fitted with SRM Powermeters, which recorded Power (W), cadence (rpm), distance (km) and speed (km h^−1). Racing data were analysed to establish time in Power Output and metabolic threshold bands and maximal mean Power (MMP) over different durations. When compared to HILLY, FLAT were raced at a similar cadence (75±8 vs. 75±4 rpm, P =0.93) but higher speed (37.6±2.6 vs. 33.9±2.7 km h^−1, P =0.008) and Power Output (192±21 vs. 169±17 W, P =0.04; 3.3±0.3 vs. 3.0±0.4 W kg^−1, P =0.04). During FLAT races, riders spent significantly more time above 500 W, while greater race time was spent between 100 and 300 W (LT-AT) for HILLY races, with higher MMPs for 180–300 s. Racing terrain influenced the Power Output profiles of our internationally competitive female road cyclists. These data are the first to define the unique Power Output requirements associated with placing well in both flat and hilly women’s World Cup cycling events.
Paolo Menaspà - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sprinting for the Win: Distribution of Power Output in Women's Professional Cycling.
International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2018Co-Authors: Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Chris R. Abbiss, Eric C. Haakonssen, Paolo MenaspàAbstract:Purpose:This study examined the Power Output distribution and sprint characteristics of professional female road cyclists.Methods:31 race files, representing top-five finishes, were collected from seven professional female cyclists. Files were analysed for sprint characteristics including; mean and peak Power Output, velocity and duration. The final 20 min before the sprint was analysed to determine the mean maximal Power Output (MMP) consistent with 5, 15, 30, 60, 240 and 600s durations. Throughout the race, the number of efforts for each duration exceeding 80% of its corresponding final 20-min MMP (MMP80) were determined. The number of 15s efforts exceeding 80% of the mean final sprint Power Output (MSP80) were determined.Results:Sprint finishes lasted 21.8 ± 6.7s with a mean and peak Power Output of 679 ± 101W and 886 ± 91W, respectively. Throughout the race, more 5, 15, and 30s efforts above MMP80 were completed in the 5th compared with the 1st – 4th quintiles of the race. 60s efforts were greater dur...
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Impact of Altitude on Power Output during Cycling Stage Racing.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Laura A Garvican-lewis, Yorck Olaf Schumacher, David T. Martin, Brian Stephens, Bradley Clark, Warren A. Mcdonald, Kevin G. Thompson, Christopher J. Gore, Paolo MenaspàAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of moderate-high altitude on Power Output, cadence, speed and heart rate during a multi-day cycling tour. Methods Power Output, heart rate, speed and cadence were collected from elite male road cyclists during maximal efforts of 5, 15, 30, 60, 240 and 600 s. The efforts were completed in a laboratory Power-profile assessment, and spontaneously during a cycling race simulation near sea-level and an international cycling race at moderate-high altitude. Matched data from the laboratory Power-profile and the highest maximal mean Power Output (MMP) and corresponding speed and heart rate recorded during the cycling race simulation and cycling race at moderate-high altitude were compared using paired t-tests. Additionally, all MMP and corresponding speeds and heart rates were binned per 1000m ( 3000m) according to the average altitude of each ride. Mixed linear modelling was used to compare cycling performance data from each altitude bin. Results Power Output was similar between the laboratory Power-profile and the race simulation, however MMPs for 5–600 s and 15, 60, 240 and 600 s were lower (p ≤ 0.005) during the race at altitude compared with the laboratory Power-profile and race simulation, respectively. Furthermore, peak Power Output and all MMPs were lower (≥ 11.7%, p ≤ 0.001) while racing >3000 m compared with rides completed near sea-level. However, speed associated with MMP 60 and 240 s was greater (p < 0.001) during racing at moderate-high altitude compared with the race simulation near sea-level. Conclusion A reduction in oxygen availability as altitude increases leads to attenuation of cycling Power Output during competition. Decrement in cycling Power Output at altitude does not seem to affect speed which tended to be greater at higher altitudes.
Mehrdad Abedi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new method to adequate assessment of wind farms’ Power Output
Energy Conversion and Management, 2015Co-Authors: Saeed Zolfaghari, G.h. Riahy, Mehrdad AbediAbstract:This paper presents a novel probabilistic technique so as to estimate the Power Output of wind farms (WFs). At first, the Power Output of each wind turbine (WT) is calculated using Power probability distribution functions (PPDFs). These PPDFs are acquired from the actual data of an installed WT measured in a particular time horizon, which involves WT’s wind speed and its corresponding Power Output. In the next step, using the calculated PPDFs and assigning Poisson distribution as statistical spatial distribution for wind speed over the WF, the Power Output of WF is computed in a probabilistic manner. It has been demonstrated that the probability distribution function (PDF) of a WF’s Power Output as well as its capacity factor (CF) can be calculated accurately utilizing the proposed approach. The outcome could have a substantial effect on conducting several Power system studies such as reliability evaluation, Power system expansion planning and so on. To verify the outperformance of the proposed method, the actual measured data of Manjil WF in Iran has been used as a real case study. The obtained results confirm the accuracy of the proposed method as a more precise approach compared to the conventional ones.
David T. Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of Altitude on Power Output during Cycling Stage Racing.
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Laura A Garvican-lewis, Yorck Olaf Schumacher, David T. Martin, Brian Stephens, Bradley Clark, Warren A. Mcdonald, Kevin G. Thompson, Christopher J. Gore, Paolo MenaspàAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of moderate-high altitude on Power Output, cadence, speed and heart rate during a multi-day cycling tour. Methods Power Output, heart rate, speed and cadence were collected from elite male road cyclists during maximal efforts of 5, 15, 30, 60, 240 and 600 s. The efforts were completed in a laboratory Power-profile assessment, and spontaneously during a cycling race simulation near sea-level and an international cycling race at moderate-high altitude. Matched data from the laboratory Power-profile and the highest maximal mean Power Output (MMP) and corresponding speed and heart rate recorded during the cycling race simulation and cycling race at moderate-high altitude were compared using paired t-tests. Additionally, all MMP and corresponding speeds and heart rates were binned per 1000m ( 3000m) according to the average altitude of each ride. Mixed linear modelling was used to compare cycling performance data from each altitude bin. Results Power Output was similar between the laboratory Power-profile and the race simulation, however MMPs for 5–600 s and 15, 60, 240 and 600 s were lower (p ≤ 0.005) during the race at altitude compared with the laboratory Power-profile and race simulation, respectively. Furthermore, peak Power Output and all MMPs were lower (≥ 11.7%, p ≤ 0.001) while racing >3000 m compared with rides completed near sea-level. However, speed associated with MMP 60 and 240 s was greater (p < 0.001) during racing at moderate-high altitude compared with the race simulation near sea-level. Conclusion A reduction in oxygen availability as altitude increases leads to attenuation of cycling Power Output during competition. Decrement in cycling Power Output at altitude does not seem to affect speed which tended to be greater at higher altitudes.
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Power Output During a Professional Men’s Road-Cycling Tour
International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2006Co-Authors: Tammie R. Ebert, David T. Martin, Brian Stephens, Robert T. WithersAbstract:Purpose: To quantify the Power-Output demands of men’s road-cycling stage racing using a direct measure of Power Output. Methods: Power-Output data were collected from 207 races over 6 competition years on 31 Australian national male road cyclists. Subjects performed a maximal graded exercise test in the laboratory to determine maximum aerobic-Power Output, and bicycles were fitted with SRM Power meters. Races were described as fl at, hilly, or criterium, and linear mixed modeling was used to compare the races. Results: Criterium was the shortest race and displayed the highest mean Power Output (criterium 262 ± 30 v hilly 203 ± 32 v fl at 188 ± 30 W), percentage total race time above 7.5 W/kg (crite-rium 15.5% ± 4.1% v hilly 3.8% ± 1.7% v fl at 3.5% ± 1.4%) and SD in Power Output (criterium 250 v hilly 165 v fl at 169 W). Approximately 67%, 80%, and 85% of total race time was spent below 5 W/kg for criterium, hilly and fl at races, respectively. About 70, 40, and 20 sprints above maximum aerobic-Power out...
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Power Output during women’s World Cup road cycle racing
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Tammie R. Ebert, David T. Martin, Warren Mcdonald, James Victor, John Plummer, Robert T. WithersAbstract:Little information exists on the Power Output demands of competitive women’s road cycle racing. The purpose of our investigation was to document the Power Output generated by elite female road cyclists who achieved success in FLAT and HILLY World Cup races. Power Output data were collected from 27 top-20 World Cup finishes (19 FLAT and 8 HILLY) achieved by 15 nationally ranked cyclists (mean ± SD; age: 24.1±4.0 years; body mass: 57.9±3.6 kg; height: 168.7±5.6 cm; $$\ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2\max}}:$$ 63.6±2.4 mL kg^−1 min^−1; peak Power during graded exercise test (GXT_peak Power): 310±25 W). The GXT determined GXT_peak Power, $$\ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{2\ peak}},$$ lactate threshold (LT) and anaerobic threshold (AT). Bicycles were fitted with SRM Powermeters, which recorded Power (W), cadence (rpm), distance (km) and speed (km h^−1). Racing data were analysed to establish time in Power Output and metabolic threshold bands and maximal mean Power (MMP) over different durations. When compared to HILLY, FLAT were raced at a similar cadence (75±8 vs. 75±4 rpm, P =0.93) but higher speed (37.6±2.6 vs. 33.9±2.7 km h^−1, P =0.008) and Power Output (192±21 vs. 169±17 W, P =0.04; 3.3±0.3 vs. 3.0±0.4 W kg^−1, P =0.04). During FLAT races, riders spent significantly more time above 500 W, while greater race time was spent between 100 and 300 W (LT-AT) for HILLY races, with higher MMPs for 180–300 s. Racing terrain influenced the Power Output profiles of our internationally competitive female road cyclists. These data are the first to define the unique Power Output requirements associated with placing well in both flat and hilly women’s World Cup cycling events.
Thomas L. Daniel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Submaximal Power Output from the dorsolongitudinal flight muscles of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta.
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas L. DanielAbstract:SUMMARY To assess the extent to which the Power Output of a synchronous insect flight muscle is maximized during flight, we compared the maximum potential Power Output of the mesothoracic dorsolongitudinal (dl1) muscles of Manduca sexta to their Power Output in vivo. Holding temperature and cycle frequency constant at 36°C and 25 Hz, respectively, we varied the phase of activation, mean length and strain amplitude. Under in vivo conditions measured in tethered flight, the dl1 muscles generated only 40–67% of their maximum potential Power Output. Compared to the in vivo phase of activation, the phase that maximized Power Output was advanced by 12% of the cycle period, and the length that maximized Power Output was 10% longer than the in vivo operating length.
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Submaximal Power Output from the dorsolongitudinal flight muscles of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta.
The Journal of experimental biology, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas L. DanielAbstract:To assess the extent to which the Power Output of a synchronous insect flight muscle is maximized during flight, we compared the maximum potential Power Output of the mesothoracic dorsolongitudinal (dl1) muscles of Manduca sexta to their Power Output in vivo. Holding temperature and cycle frequency constant at 36 degrees C and 25 Hz, respectively, we varied the phase of activation, mean length and strain amplitude. Under in vivo conditions measured in tethered flight, the dl1 muscles generated only 40-67% of their maximum potential Power Output. Compared to the in vivo phase of activation, the phase that maximized Power Output was advanced by 12% of the cycle period, and the length that maximized Power Output was 10% longer than the in vivo operating length.
