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Paul Robson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sensemaking and the distortion of critical upward communication in organizations
    Journal of Management Studies, 2006
    Co-Authors: Dennis Tourish, Paul Robson
    Abstract:

    Most research into feedback has focused on communication from managers to non-managerial staff. To a lesser extent, it has more recently addressed upward and 360 degree appraisal systems. In contrast, the role of informal upward communication continues to be largely neglected, especially when it concerns the transmission of opinions critical of managerial orthodoxy. There has been little examination of the sensemaking heuristics employed by both managers and non-managerial staff that stimulates the former to disregard much of the already muted critical upward communication they receive, and the latter to suppress its transmission in the first place. We therefore suggest that managers often over commit to particular courses of action, irrespective of whether they bode ill or well for the organization concerned. In so doing, they frequently demonize those who belong to stigmatized outgroups or who hold contrary value systems. We argue that the consequent elimination of critical upward communication (CUC) leads to iatrogenic phenomena – i.e. organizational problems that are derived from the treatment regime that has been prescribed, rather than from a Pre-Existing Condition. Implications for practice and further research are considered.

  • sensemaking and the distortion of critical upward communication in organizations
    Journal of Management Studies, 2006
    Co-Authors: Dennis Tourish, Paul Robson
    Abstract:

    Most research into feedback has focused on communication from managers to non-managerial staff. To a lesser extent, it has more recently addressed upward and 360 degree appraisal systems. In contrast, the role of informal upward communication continues to be largely neglected, especially when it concerns the transmission of opinions critical of managerial orthodoxy. There has been little examination of the sensemaking heuristics employed by both managers and non-managerial staff that stimulates the former to disregard much of the already muted critical upward communication they receive, and the latter to suppress its transmission in the first place. We therefore suggest that managers often over commit to particular courses of action, irrespective of whether they bode ill or well for the organization concerned. In so doing, they frequently demonize those who belong to stigmatized outgroups or who hold contrary value systems. We argue that the consequent elimination of critical upward communication (CUC) leads to iatrogenic phenomena - i.e. organizational problems that are derived from the treatment regime that has been prescribed, rather than from a Pre-Existing Condition. Implications for practice and further research are considered. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006.

Dennis Tourish - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sensemaking and the distortion of critical upward communication in organizations
    Journal of Management Studies, 2006
    Co-Authors: Dennis Tourish, Paul Robson
    Abstract:

    Most research into feedback has focused on communication from managers to non-managerial staff. To a lesser extent, it has more recently addressed upward and 360 degree appraisal systems. In contrast, the role of informal upward communication continues to be largely neglected, especially when it concerns the transmission of opinions critical of managerial orthodoxy. There has been little examination of the sensemaking heuristics employed by both managers and non-managerial staff that stimulates the former to disregard much of the already muted critical upward communication they receive, and the latter to suppress its transmission in the first place. We therefore suggest that managers often over commit to particular courses of action, irrespective of whether they bode ill or well for the organization concerned. In so doing, they frequently demonize those who belong to stigmatized outgroups or who hold contrary value systems. We argue that the consequent elimination of critical upward communication (CUC) leads to iatrogenic phenomena – i.e. organizational problems that are derived from the treatment regime that has been prescribed, rather than from a Pre-Existing Condition. Implications for practice and further research are considered.

  • sensemaking and the distortion of critical upward communication in organizations
    Journal of Management Studies, 2006
    Co-Authors: Dennis Tourish, Paul Robson
    Abstract:

    Most research into feedback has focused on communication from managers to non-managerial staff. To a lesser extent, it has more recently addressed upward and 360 degree appraisal systems. In contrast, the role of informal upward communication continues to be largely neglected, especially when it concerns the transmission of opinions critical of managerial orthodoxy. There has been little examination of the sensemaking heuristics employed by both managers and non-managerial staff that stimulates the former to disregard much of the already muted critical upward communication they receive, and the latter to suppress its transmission in the first place. We therefore suggest that managers often over commit to particular courses of action, irrespective of whether they bode ill or well for the organization concerned. In so doing, they frequently demonize those who belong to stigmatized outgroups or who hold contrary value systems. We argue that the consequent elimination of critical upward communication (CUC) leads to iatrogenic phenomena - i.e. organizational problems that are derived from the treatment regime that has been prescribed, rather than from a Pre-Existing Condition. Implications for practice and further research are considered. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006.

Scott P Orr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma
    Nature Neuroscience, 2002
    Co-Authors: Mark W Gilbertson, Martha E Shenton, Aleksandra A Ciszewski, Kiyoto Kasai, Natasha B Lasko, Scott P Orr
    Abstract:

    In animals, exposure to severe stress can damage the hippocampus. Recent human studies show smaller hippocampal volume in individuals with the stress-related psychiatric Condition posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Does this represent the neurotoxic effect of trauma, or is smaller hippocampal volume a Pre-Existing Condition that renders the brain more vulnerable to the development of pathological stress responses? In monozygotic twins discordant for trauma exposure, we found evidence that smaller hippocampi indeed constitute a risk factor for the development of stress-related psychopathology. Disorder severity in PTSD patients who were exposed to trauma was negatively correlated with the hippocampal volume of both the patients and the patients’ trauma-unexposed identical co-twin. Furthermore, severe PTSD twin pairs—both the trauma-exposed and unexposed members—had significantly smaller hippocampi than non-PTSD pairs.

Zoe Jordan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effectiveness of interventions to reduce fear anxiety and claustrophobia of patients undergoing imaging with high technology modalities a systematic review
    International Journal of Evidence-based Healthcare, 2011
    Co-Authors: Zachary Munn, Zoe Jordan
    Abstract:

    Review objective The primary objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve the patient experience of high technology imaging, by reducing fear, anxiety, claustrophobia and any other negative emotions that may arise during the scanning process. Additionally, the effectiveness of interventions which result in improved patient satisfaction of high technology imaging will also be addressed. By addressing these issues, secondary outcomes, such as throughput, sedation rates, and radiographer satisfaction, may also be affected, and thus will also be included in the review. Inclusion criteria Types of participants This review will consider studies that include patients of any age who have undergone high technology imaging in a medical imaging department. The participants may be receiving imaging for a wide range of indications, and may have any Pre-Existing Condition or disability. For the purposes of this review, MRI, CT, PET and SPECT will be considered to be high technology medical imaging, and will be searched for specifically. Advanced, high technology imaging procedures are increasingly prevalent and there is rapid growth in these imaging modalities. These scans are more complex than other basic procedures, and can be more difficult to operate, which may have an effect on the holistic care of the patient, as it distances the imaging technologist from the patient. All diagnostic imaging procedures considered for this review are non-invasive or minimally invasive. Interventional diagnostic procedures were not included. Types of interventions This review will consider studies that evaluate interventions designed to reduce fear, anxiety, or feelings of claustrophobia during scanning compared to usual care. The review will also consider interventions that aim to improve the satisfaction of persons undergoing imaging. These may include a number of interventions delivered individually or in combination, including but not limited to information/education, different positions, manipulation of the environment, prism glasses, lighting levels, movement of air/fans, company, panic buttons, music, open design of MRI, psychological preparation, hypnosis, aromatherapy, sedation, and screening of patients for claustrophobia. TRUNCATED AT 350 WORDS

  • the effectiveness of interventions to reduce fear anxiety and claustrophobia of patients undergoing imaging with high technology modalities a systematic review
    International Journal of Evidence-based Healthcare, 2011
    Co-Authors: Zachary Munn, Zoe Jordan
    Abstract:

    Review objective The primary objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve the patient experience of high technology imaging, by reducing fear, anxiety, claustrophobia and any other negative emotions that may arise during the scanning process. Additionally, the effectiveness of interventions which result in improved patient satisfaction of high technology imaging will also be addressed. By addressing these issues, secondary outcomes, such as throughput, sedation rates, and radiographer satisfaction, may also be affected, and thus will also be included in the review. Inclusion criteria Types of participants This review will consider studies that include patients of any age who have undergone high technology imaging in a medical imaging department. The participants may be receiving imaging for a wide range of indications, and may have any Pre-Existing Condition or disability. For the purposes of this review, MRI, CT, PET and SPECT will be considered to be high technology medical imaging, and will be searched for specifically. Advanced, high technology imaging procedures are increasingly prevalent and there is rapid growth in these imaging modalities. These scans are more complex than other basic procedures, and can be more difficult to operate, which may have an effect on the holistic care of the patient, as it distances the imaging technologist from the patient. All diagnostic imaging procedures considered for this review are non-invasive or minimally invasive. Interventional diagnostic procedures were not included. Types of interventions This review will consider studies that evaluate interventions designed to reduce fear, anxiety, or feelings of claustrophobia during scanning compared to usual care. The review will also consider interventions that aim to improve the satisfaction of persons undergoing imaging. These may include a number of interventions delivered individually or in combination, including but not limited to information/education, different positions, manipulation of the environment, prism glasses, lighting levels, movement of air/fans, company, panic buttons, music, open design of MRI, psychological preparation, hypnosis, aromatherapy, sedation, and screening of patients for claustrophobia. TRUNCATED AT 350 WORDS

Martha E Shenton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma
    Nature Neuroscience, 2002
    Co-Authors: Mark W Gilbertson, Martha E Shenton, Aleksandra A Ciszewski, Kiyoto Kasai, Natasha B Lasko, Scott P Orr
    Abstract:

    In animals, exposure to severe stress can damage the hippocampus. Recent human studies show smaller hippocampal volume in individuals with the stress-related psychiatric Condition posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Does this represent the neurotoxic effect of trauma, or is smaller hippocampal volume a Pre-Existing Condition that renders the brain more vulnerable to the development of pathological stress responses? In monozygotic twins discordant for trauma exposure, we found evidence that smaller hippocampi indeed constitute a risk factor for the development of stress-related psychopathology. Disorder severity in PTSD patients who were exposed to trauma was negatively correlated with the hippocampal volume of both the patients and the patients’ trauma-unexposed identical co-twin. Furthermore, severe PTSD twin pairs—both the trauma-exposed and unexposed members—had significantly smaller hippocampi than non-PTSD pairs.