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Peter Bartmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reduced apparent fiber density in the white matter of Premature born adults
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Aurore Menegaux, Josef Bäuml, Marcel Daamen, Claus Zimmer, Henning Boecker, Dennis M. Hedderich, Andrei Manoliu, Ronja Berg, Christine Preibisch, Peter BartmannAbstract:Premature-born adults exhibit lasting white matter alterations as demonstrated by widespread reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). FA reduction, however, is non-specific for microscopic underpinnings such as aberrant myelination or fiber density (FD). Using recent advances in DWI, we tested the hypothesis of reduced FD in Premature-born adults and investigated its link with the degree of prematurity and cognition. 73 Premature- and 89 mature-born adults aged 25-27 years underwent single-shell DWI, from which a FD measure was derived using convex optimization modeling for microstructure informed tractography (COMMIT). Premature-born adults exhibited lower FD in numerous tracts including the corpus callosum and corona radiata compared to mature-born adults. These FD alterations were associated with both the degree of prematurity, as assessed via gestational age and Birth weight, as well as with reduced cognition as measured by full-scale IQ. Finally, lower FD overlapped with lower FA, suggesting lower FD underlie unspecific FA reductions. Results provide evidence that Premature Birth leads to lower FD in adulthood which links with lower full-scale IQ. Data suggest that lower FD partly underpins FA reductions of Premature Birth but that other processes such as hypomyelination might also take place.
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Sequelae of Premature Birth in Young Adults
Clinical Neuroradiology, 2020Co-Authors: Dennis M. Hedderich, Josef Bäuml, Aurore Menegaux, Marcel Daamen, Claus Zimmer, Henning Boecker, Peter Bartmann, Tobias Boeckh-behrens, Lukas Scheef, Dieter WolkeAbstract:Background and Purpose Qualitative studies about the abnormalities appreciated on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in Prematurely born adults are lacking. This article aimed at filling this knowledge gap by (1) qualitatively describing routine imaging findings in Prematurely born adults, (2) evaluating measures for routine image interpretation and (3) investigating the impact of perinatal variables related to Premature Birth. Methods In this study two board-certified radiologists assessed T1-weighted and FLAIR-weighted images of 100 Prematurely born adults born very preterm (VP
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Impaired structural connectivity between dorsal attention network and pulvinar mediates the impact of Premature Birth on adult visual–spatial abilities
Human brain mapping, 2019Co-Authors: Maria Berndt, Josef Bäuml, Aurore Menegaux, Chun Meng, Marcel Daamen, Nicole Baumann, Claus Zimmer, Henning Boecker, Peter Bartmann, Dieter WolkeAbstract:The dorsal attention network (DAN), including frontal eye fields and posterior parietal cortices, and its link with the posterior thalamus, contribute to visual-spatial abilities. Very Premature Birth impairs both visual-spatial abilities and cortico-thalamic structural connectivity. We hypothesized that impaired structural DAN-pulvinar connectivity mediates the effect of very Premature Birth on adult visual-spatial abilities. Seventy very Premature (median age 26.6 years) and 57 mature born adults (median age 26.6 years) were assessed with cognitive tests and diffusion tensor imaging. Perceptual organization (PO) index of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III was used as a proxy for visual-spatial abilities, and connection probability maps in the thalamus, derived from probabilistic tractography from the DAN, were used as a proxy for DAN-thalamic connectivity. Premature born adults showed decreases in both PO-index and connection probability from DAN into the pulvinar, with both changes being positively correlated. Moreover, path analysis revealed that DAN-pulvinar connectivity mediates the relationship between very Premature Birth and PO-index. Results provide evidence for long-term effects of very Premature Birth on structural DAN-pulvinar connectivity, mediating the effect of prematurity on adult visual-spatial impairments. Data suggest DAN-pulvinar connectivity as a specific target of prognostic and diagnostic procedures for visual-spatial abilities after Premature Birth.
M. Myrskyla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Maternal age and risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth in children conceived through medically assisted reproduction. Evidence from Finnish population registers
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2020Co-Authors: A. Barbuscia, P. Martikainen, M. Myrskyla, H. Remes, E. Somigliana, R. Klemetti, A. GoisisAbstract:STUDY QUESTION: Does the risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth increase with age among mothers who conceive through medically assisted reproduction (MAR)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Among MAR mothers, the risk of poorer Birth outcomes does not increase with maternal age at Birth except at very advanced maternal ages (40+). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of MAR treatments has been increasing over the last few decades and is especially diffused among women who conceive at older ages. Although advanced maternal age is a well-known risk factor for adverse Birth outcomes in natural pregnancies, only a few studies have directly analysed the maternal age gradient in Birth outcomes for MAR mothers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The base dataset was a 20% random sample of households with at least one child aged 0-14 at the end of 2000, drawn from the Finnish population register and other administrative registers. This study included children who were born in 1995-2000, because the information on whether a child was conceived through MAR or naturally was available only from 1995 onwards. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The outcome measures were whether the child had low Birth weight (LBW, <2500 g at Birth) and whether the child was delivered preterm (<37 weeks of gestation). Conceptions through MAR were identified by examining data on purchases of prescription medication from the National Prescription Register. Linear probability models were used to analyse and compare the maternal age gradients in Birth outcomes of mothers who conceived through MAR or naturally before and after adjustment for maternal characteristics (i.e. whether the mother suffered from acute/chronic conditions before the pregnancy, household income and whether the mother smoked during pregnancy). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A total of 56 026 children, 2624 of whom were conceived through MAR treatments, were included in the study. Among the mothers who used MAR to conceive, maternal age was not associated with an increased risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 12.6%) at ages 25-39. For example, compared to the risk of LBW at ages 30-34, the risk was 0.22 percentage points lower (95% CI:-3.2, 2.8) at ages 25-29 and was 1.34 percentage points lower (95% CI:-4.5, 1.0) at ages 35-39. The risk of LBW was increased only at maternal ages 6540 (six percentage points, 95% CI: 0.2, 12). Adjustment for maternal characteristics only marginally attenuated these associations. In contrast, among the mothers who conceived naturally, the results showed a clear age gradient. For example, compared to the risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 3.3%) at maternal ages 30-34, the risk was 1.1 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6) at ages 35-39 and was 1.5 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.5, 2.6) at ages 6540. The results were similar for preterm Births. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION: A limited number of confounders were included in the study because of the administrative nature of the data used. Our ability to reliably distinguish mothers based on MAR treatment type was also limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This is the first study to analyse the maternal age gradient in the risk of adverse Birth outcomes among children conceived through MAR using data from a nationally representative sample and controlling for important maternal health and socio-economic characteristics. This topic is of considerable importance in light of the widespread and increasing use of MAR treatments. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Funding for this project was provided by the European Research Council (grant no. 803959 MARTE to Alice Goisis and grant no. 336475 COSTPOST to Mikko Myrskyl\ue4). E.S. reports personal fees from Theramex, personal fees from Merck Serono, personal fees from Health Reimbursement Arrangement, non-financial support from Merck Serono and grants from Ferring, grants from Theramex, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRTION NUMBER: N/A
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maternal age and risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth in children conceived through medically assisted reproduction evidence from finnish population registers
Human Reproduction, 2020Co-Authors: A. Barbuscia, P. Martikainen, M. Myrskyla, H. Remes, E. SomiglianaAbstract:STUDY QUESTION: Does the risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth increase with age among mothers who conceive through medically assisted reproduction (MAR)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Among MAR mothers, the risk of poorer Birth outcomes does not increase with maternal age at Birth except at very advanced maternal ages (40+). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of MAR treatments has been increasing over the last few decades and is especially diffused among women who conceive at older ages. Although advanced maternal age is a well-known risk factor for adverse Birth outcomes in natural pregnancies, only a few studies have directly analysed the maternal age gradient in Birth outcomes for MAR mothers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The base dataset was a 20% random sample of households with at least one child aged 0-14 at the end of 2000, drawn from the Finnish population register and other administrative registers. This study included children who were born in 1995-2000, because the information on whether a child was conceived through MAR or naturally was available only from 1995 onwards. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The outcome measures were whether the child had low Birth weight (LBW, <2500 g at Birth) and whether the child was delivered preterm (<37 weeks of gestation). Conceptions through MAR were identified by examining data on purchases of prescription medication from the National Prescription Register. Linear probability models were used to analyse and compare the maternal age gradients in Birth outcomes of mothers who conceived through MAR or naturally before and after adjustment for maternal characteristics (i.e. whether the mother suffered from acute/chronic conditions before the pregnancy, household income and whether the mother smoked during pregnancy). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A total of 56 026 children, 2624 of whom were conceived through MAR treatments, were included in the study. Among the mothers who used MAR to conceive, maternal age was not associated with an increased risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 12.6%) at ages 25-39. For example, compared to the risk of LBW at ages 30-34, the risk was 0.22 percentage points lower (95% CI:-3.2, 2.8) at ages 25-29 and was 1.34 percentage points lower (95% CI:-4.5, 1.0) at ages 35-39. The risk of LBW was increased only at maternal ages ≥40 (six percentage points, 95% CI: 0.2, 12). Adjustment for maternal characteristics only marginally attenuated these associations. In contrast, among the mothers who conceived naturally, the results showed a clear age gradient. For example, compared to the risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 3.3%) at maternal ages 30-34, the risk was 1.1 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6) at ages 35-39 and was 1.5 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.5, 2.6) at ages ≥40. The results were similar for preterm Births. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION: A limited number of confounders were included in the study because of the administrative nature of the data used. Our ability to reliably distinguish mothers based on MAR treatment type was also limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This is the first study to analyse the maternal age gradient in the risk of adverse Birth outcomes among children conceived through MAR using data from a nationally representative sample and controlling for important maternal health and socio-economic characteristics. This topic is of considerable importance in light of the widespread and increasing use of MAR treatments. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Funding for this project was provided by the European Research Council (grant no. 803959 MARTE to Alice Goisis and grant no. 336475 COSTPOST to Mikko Myrskyla). E.S. reports personal fees from Theramex, personal fees from Merck Serono, personal fees from Health Reimbursement Arrangement, non-financial support from Merck Serono and grants from Ferring, grants from Theramex, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRTION NUMBER: N/A.
P. Martikainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Maternal age and risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth in children conceived through medically assisted reproduction. Evidence from Finnish population registers
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2020Co-Authors: A. Barbuscia, P. Martikainen, M. Myrskyla, H. Remes, E. Somigliana, R. Klemetti, A. GoisisAbstract:STUDY QUESTION: Does the risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth increase with age among mothers who conceive through medically assisted reproduction (MAR)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Among MAR mothers, the risk of poorer Birth outcomes does not increase with maternal age at Birth except at very advanced maternal ages (40+). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of MAR treatments has been increasing over the last few decades and is especially diffused among women who conceive at older ages. Although advanced maternal age is a well-known risk factor for adverse Birth outcomes in natural pregnancies, only a few studies have directly analysed the maternal age gradient in Birth outcomes for MAR mothers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The base dataset was a 20% random sample of households with at least one child aged 0-14 at the end of 2000, drawn from the Finnish population register and other administrative registers. This study included children who were born in 1995-2000, because the information on whether a child was conceived through MAR or naturally was available only from 1995 onwards. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The outcome measures were whether the child had low Birth weight (LBW, <2500 g at Birth) and whether the child was delivered preterm (<37 weeks of gestation). Conceptions through MAR were identified by examining data on purchases of prescription medication from the National Prescription Register. Linear probability models were used to analyse and compare the maternal age gradients in Birth outcomes of mothers who conceived through MAR or naturally before and after adjustment for maternal characteristics (i.e. whether the mother suffered from acute/chronic conditions before the pregnancy, household income and whether the mother smoked during pregnancy). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A total of 56 026 children, 2624 of whom were conceived through MAR treatments, were included in the study. Among the mothers who used MAR to conceive, maternal age was not associated with an increased risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 12.6%) at ages 25-39. For example, compared to the risk of LBW at ages 30-34, the risk was 0.22 percentage points lower (95% CI:-3.2, 2.8) at ages 25-29 and was 1.34 percentage points lower (95% CI:-4.5, 1.0) at ages 35-39. The risk of LBW was increased only at maternal ages 6540 (six percentage points, 95% CI: 0.2, 12). Adjustment for maternal characteristics only marginally attenuated these associations. In contrast, among the mothers who conceived naturally, the results showed a clear age gradient. For example, compared to the risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 3.3%) at maternal ages 30-34, the risk was 1.1 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6) at ages 35-39 and was 1.5 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.5, 2.6) at ages 6540. The results were similar for preterm Births. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION: A limited number of confounders were included in the study because of the administrative nature of the data used. Our ability to reliably distinguish mothers based on MAR treatment type was also limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This is the first study to analyse the maternal age gradient in the risk of adverse Birth outcomes among children conceived through MAR using data from a nationally representative sample and controlling for important maternal health and socio-economic characteristics. This topic is of considerable importance in light of the widespread and increasing use of MAR treatments. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Funding for this project was provided by the European Research Council (grant no. 803959 MARTE to Alice Goisis and grant no. 336475 COSTPOST to Mikko Myrskyl\ue4). E.S. reports personal fees from Theramex, personal fees from Merck Serono, personal fees from Health Reimbursement Arrangement, non-financial support from Merck Serono and grants from Ferring, grants from Theramex, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRTION NUMBER: N/A
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maternal age and risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth in children conceived through medically assisted reproduction evidence from finnish population registers
Human Reproduction, 2020Co-Authors: A. Barbuscia, P. Martikainen, M. Myrskyla, H. Remes, E. SomiglianaAbstract:STUDY QUESTION: Does the risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth increase with age among mothers who conceive through medically assisted reproduction (MAR)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Among MAR mothers, the risk of poorer Birth outcomes does not increase with maternal age at Birth except at very advanced maternal ages (40+). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of MAR treatments has been increasing over the last few decades and is especially diffused among women who conceive at older ages. Although advanced maternal age is a well-known risk factor for adverse Birth outcomes in natural pregnancies, only a few studies have directly analysed the maternal age gradient in Birth outcomes for MAR mothers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The base dataset was a 20% random sample of households with at least one child aged 0-14 at the end of 2000, drawn from the Finnish population register and other administrative registers. This study included children who were born in 1995-2000, because the information on whether a child was conceived through MAR or naturally was available only from 1995 onwards. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The outcome measures were whether the child had low Birth weight (LBW, <2500 g at Birth) and whether the child was delivered preterm (<37 weeks of gestation). Conceptions through MAR were identified by examining data on purchases of prescription medication from the National Prescription Register. Linear probability models were used to analyse and compare the maternal age gradients in Birth outcomes of mothers who conceived through MAR or naturally before and after adjustment for maternal characteristics (i.e. whether the mother suffered from acute/chronic conditions before the pregnancy, household income and whether the mother smoked during pregnancy). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A total of 56 026 children, 2624 of whom were conceived through MAR treatments, were included in the study. Among the mothers who used MAR to conceive, maternal age was not associated with an increased risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 12.6%) at ages 25-39. For example, compared to the risk of LBW at ages 30-34, the risk was 0.22 percentage points lower (95% CI:-3.2, 2.8) at ages 25-29 and was 1.34 percentage points lower (95% CI:-4.5, 1.0) at ages 35-39. The risk of LBW was increased only at maternal ages ≥40 (six percentage points, 95% CI: 0.2, 12). Adjustment for maternal characteristics only marginally attenuated these associations. In contrast, among the mothers who conceived naturally, the results showed a clear age gradient. For example, compared to the risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 3.3%) at maternal ages 30-34, the risk was 1.1 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6) at ages 35-39 and was 1.5 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.5, 2.6) at ages ≥40. The results were similar for preterm Births. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION: A limited number of confounders were included in the study because of the administrative nature of the data used. Our ability to reliably distinguish mothers based on MAR treatment type was also limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This is the first study to analyse the maternal age gradient in the risk of adverse Birth outcomes among children conceived through MAR using data from a nationally representative sample and controlling for important maternal health and socio-economic characteristics. This topic is of considerable importance in light of the widespread and increasing use of MAR treatments. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Funding for this project was provided by the European Research Council (grant no. 803959 MARTE to Alice Goisis and grant no. 336475 COSTPOST to Mikko Myrskyla). E.S. reports personal fees from Theramex, personal fees from Merck Serono, personal fees from Health Reimbursement Arrangement, non-financial support from Merck Serono and grants from Ferring, grants from Theramex, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRTION NUMBER: N/A.
Marco Filippone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chronic lung disease after Premature Birth
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Eugenio Baraldi, Marco FilipponeAbstract:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia has become the most common chronic lung disease of infancy. This review summarizes the patterns and pathogenesis of chronic lung impairment that may become clinically significant decades after the use of mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation in Premature newborns.
A. Barbuscia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Maternal age and risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth in children conceived through medically assisted reproduction. Evidence from Finnish population registers
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2020Co-Authors: A. Barbuscia, P. Martikainen, M. Myrskyla, H. Remes, E. Somigliana, R. Klemetti, A. GoisisAbstract:STUDY QUESTION: Does the risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth increase with age among mothers who conceive through medically assisted reproduction (MAR)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Among MAR mothers, the risk of poorer Birth outcomes does not increase with maternal age at Birth except at very advanced maternal ages (40+). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of MAR treatments has been increasing over the last few decades and is especially diffused among women who conceive at older ages. Although advanced maternal age is a well-known risk factor for adverse Birth outcomes in natural pregnancies, only a few studies have directly analysed the maternal age gradient in Birth outcomes for MAR mothers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The base dataset was a 20% random sample of households with at least one child aged 0-14 at the end of 2000, drawn from the Finnish population register and other administrative registers. This study included children who were born in 1995-2000, because the information on whether a child was conceived through MAR or naturally was available only from 1995 onwards. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The outcome measures were whether the child had low Birth weight (LBW, <2500 g at Birth) and whether the child was delivered preterm (<37 weeks of gestation). Conceptions through MAR were identified by examining data on purchases of prescription medication from the National Prescription Register. Linear probability models were used to analyse and compare the maternal age gradients in Birth outcomes of mothers who conceived through MAR or naturally before and after adjustment for maternal characteristics (i.e. whether the mother suffered from acute/chronic conditions before the pregnancy, household income and whether the mother smoked during pregnancy). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A total of 56 026 children, 2624 of whom were conceived through MAR treatments, were included in the study. Among the mothers who used MAR to conceive, maternal age was not associated with an increased risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 12.6%) at ages 25-39. For example, compared to the risk of LBW at ages 30-34, the risk was 0.22 percentage points lower (95% CI:-3.2, 2.8) at ages 25-29 and was 1.34 percentage points lower (95% CI:-4.5, 1.0) at ages 35-39. The risk of LBW was increased only at maternal ages 6540 (six percentage points, 95% CI: 0.2, 12). Adjustment for maternal characteristics only marginally attenuated these associations. In contrast, among the mothers who conceived naturally, the results showed a clear age gradient. For example, compared to the risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 3.3%) at maternal ages 30-34, the risk was 1.1 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6) at ages 35-39 and was 1.5 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.5, 2.6) at ages 6540. The results were similar for preterm Births. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION: A limited number of confounders were included in the study because of the administrative nature of the data used. Our ability to reliably distinguish mothers based on MAR treatment type was also limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This is the first study to analyse the maternal age gradient in the risk of adverse Birth outcomes among children conceived through MAR using data from a nationally representative sample and controlling for important maternal health and socio-economic characteristics. This topic is of considerable importance in light of the widespread and increasing use of MAR treatments. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Funding for this project was provided by the European Research Council (grant no. 803959 MARTE to Alice Goisis and grant no. 336475 COSTPOST to Mikko Myrskyl\ue4). E.S. reports personal fees from Theramex, personal fees from Merck Serono, personal fees from Health Reimbursement Arrangement, non-financial support from Merck Serono and grants from Ferring, grants from Theramex, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRTION NUMBER: N/A
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maternal age and risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth in children conceived through medically assisted reproduction evidence from finnish population registers
Human Reproduction, 2020Co-Authors: A. Barbuscia, P. Martikainen, M. Myrskyla, H. Remes, E. SomiglianaAbstract:STUDY QUESTION: Does the risk of low Birth weight and Premature Birth increase with age among mothers who conceive through medically assisted reproduction (MAR)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Among MAR mothers, the risk of poorer Birth outcomes does not increase with maternal age at Birth except at very advanced maternal ages (40+). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of MAR treatments has been increasing over the last few decades and is especially diffused among women who conceive at older ages. Although advanced maternal age is a well-known risk factor for adverse Birth outcomes in natural pregnancies, only a few studies have directly analysed the maternal age gradient in Birth outcomes for MAR mothers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The base dataset was a 20% random sample of households with at least one child aged 0-14 at the end of 2000, drawn from the Finnish population register and other administrative registers. This study included children who were born in 1995-2000, because the information on whether a child was conceived through MAR or naturally was available only from 1995 onwards. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The outcome measures were whether the child had low Birth weight (LBW, <2500 g at Birth) and whether the child was delivered preterm (<37 weeks of gestation). Conceptions through MAR were identified by examining data on purchases of prescription medication from the National Prescription Register. Linear probability models were used to analyse and compare the maternal age gradients in Birth outcomes of mothers who conceived through MAR or naturally before and after adjustment for maternal characteristics (i.e. whether the mother suffered from acute/chronic conditions before the pregnancy, household income and whether the mother smoked during pregnancy). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A total of 56 026 children, 2624 of whom were conceived through MAR treatments, were included in the study. Among the mothers who used MAR to conceive, maternal age was not associated with an increased risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 12.6%) at ages 25-39. For example, compared to the risk of LBW at ages 30-34, the risk was 0.22 percentage points lower (95% CI:-3.2, 2.8) at ages 25-29 and was 1.34 percentage points lower (95% CI:-4.5, 1.0) at ages 35-39. The risk of LBW was increased only at maternal ages ≥40 (six percentage points, 95% CI: 0.2, 12). Adjustment for maternal characteristics only marginally attenuated these associations. In contrast, among the mothers who conceived naturally, the results showed a clear age gradient. For example, compared to the risk of LBW (the overall prevalence was 3.3%) at maternal ages 30-34, the risk was 1.1 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6) at ages 35-39 and was 1.5 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.5, 2.6) at ages ≥40. The results were similar for preterm Births. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION: A limited number of confounders were included in the study because of the administrative nature of the data used. Our ability to reliably distinguish mothers based on MAR treatment type was also limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This is the first study to analyse the maternal age gradient in the risk of adverse Birth outcomes among children conceived through MAR using data from a nationally representative sample and controlling for important maternal health and socio-economic characteristics. This topic is of considerable importance in light of the widespread and increasing use of MAR treatments. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Funding for this project was provided by the European Research Council (grant no. 803959 MARTE to Alice Goisis and grant no. 336475 COSTPOST to Mikko Myrskyla). E.S. reports personal fees from Theramex, personal fees from Merck Serono, personal fees from Health Reimbursement Arrangement, non-financial support from Merck Serono and grants from Ferring, grants from Theramex, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRTION NUMBER: N/A.