The Experts below are selected from a list of 1209 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paolo Cherubini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tree-ring wood anatomy and stable isotopes show structural and functional adjustments in olive trees under different water availability
Plant and Soil, 2013Co-Authors: Lorenzo Rossi, Luca Sebastiani, Roberto Tognetti, Riccardo D’andria, Giovanni Morelli, Paolo CherubiniAbstract:Background and Aims Olive tree ( Olea europaea L.) is a drought-tolerant tree species cultivated in Mediterranean-type environments. Although it is tolerant to drought, dry conditions decrease its productivity. A thorough analysis of the hydraulic architecture and wood anatomical plasticity, as well as of their physiological significance, is needed to understand how olive trees will adapt to the predicted increase in frequency and severity of drought in the Mediterranean region. Methods Dendrochronological, stable isotopic (δ^13C, δ^18O) and wood anatomical analyses were applied to understand how different water availability can affect wood stem structure and function, in rainfed and irrigated at 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) olive trees in an experimental orchard close to Benevento (Italy) from 1992 to 2009. Results Dendrochronological data indicate that cross-dating and synchronization of ring-width time series in olive tree is possible. After the start of irrigation, significantly more negative δ^13C and lower δ^18O values were recorded in irrigated trees indicating higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rates. Increased water balance induced the formation of a higher number of vessels with higher diameter. Conclusions Water balance variations affected wood anatomy and isotopic composition. Anatomical analyses detected structural and functional adjustments in rainfed trees that produced more vessels with lower diameter to Prevent Cavitation. Isotopic analyses confirmed that irrigated trees continuously showed enhanced transpiration rates.
Kazuhiko Ogawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Noise Reduction in Butterfly Valve Cavitation by Semicircular Fins and Visualization of Cavitation Flow
Mechanical Engineering, 2012Co-Authors: Kazuhiko OgawaAbstract:Butterfly valves are sometimes used inside the piping of air-conditioning facilities and the noise and vibration caused by Cavitation can, in addition to making users uncomfortable, be mistaken for mechanical trouble. The need to Prevent such noise and vibration is increasing from an environmental standpoint, and the Prevention or suppression of Cavitation itself is very important. Accordingly, many products have been proposed to Prevent or control Cavitation around many types of valves (Baumann,1991; Tullis,1989). As for research on the Prevention of Cavitation, the characteristics of a control valve with tortuous paths and an orifice with a multi-perforated cone to Prevent Cavitation from occurring around the orifice were reported.(Rahmaeyer et al.,1995; Kugou,1996)
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Cavitation Noise Reduction Around a Butterfly Valve by Semicircular Fins
Volume 2: Fora Parts A and B, 2007Co-Authors: Kazuhiko OgawaAbstract:Butterfly valves are widely used in industry because of their compactness and simple construction. Many kinds of valves have been proposed to Prevent Cavitation. However, those valves are fairly expensive and the structures of the valve are complicated. In this paper, the attachment of fins to the valve body is proposed to reduce Cavitation noise. The Cavitation around the butterfly valve occurs because of the interference of the flow from the nozzle side and the flow from the orifice side. To avoid this interference, semicircular fins were attached to the valve body. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that the attachment of the fins was very effective in reducing the Cavitation noise.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Lorenzo Rossi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tree-ring wood anatomy and stable isotopes show structural and functional adjustments in olive trees under different water availability
Plant and Soil, 2013Co-Authors: Lorenzo Rossi, Luca Sebastiani, Roberto Tognetti, Riccardo D’andria, Giovanni Morelli, Paolo CherubiniAbstract:Background and Aims Olive tree ( Olea europaea L.) is a drought-tolerant tree species cultivated in Mediterranean-type environments. Although it is tolerant to drought, dry conditions decrease its productivity. A thorough analysis of the hydraulic architecture and wood anatomical plasticity, as well as of their physiological significance, is needed to understand how olive trees will adapt to the predicted increase in frequency and severity of drought in the Mediterranean region. Methods Dendrochronological, stable isotopic (δ^13C, δ^18O) and wood anatomical analyses were applied to understand how different water availability can affect wood stem structure and function, in rainfed and irrigated at 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) olive trees in an experimental orchard close to Benevento (Italy) from 1992 to 2009. Results Dendrochronological data indicate that cross-dating and synchronization of ring-width time series in olive tree is possible. After the start of irrigation, significantly more negative δ^13C and lower δ^18O values were recorded in irrigated trees indicating higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rates. Increased water balance induced the formation of a higher number of vessels with higher diameter. Conclusions Water balance variations affected wood anatomy and isotopic composition. Anatomical analyses detected structural and functional adjustments in rainfed trees that produced more vessels with lower diameter to Prevent Cavitation. Isotopic analyses confirmed that irrigated trees continuously showed enhanced transpiration rates.
Giovanni Morelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tree-ring wood anatomy and stable isotopes show structural and functional adjustments in olive trees under different water availability
Plant and Soil, 2013Co-Authors: Lorenzo Rossi, Luca Sebastiani, Roberto Tognetti, Riccardo D’andria, Giovanni Morelli, Paolo CherubiniAbstract:Background and Aims Olive tree ( Olea europaea L.) is a drought-tolerant tree species cultivated in Mediterranean-type environments. Although it is tolerant to drought, dry conditions decrease its productivity. A thorough analysis of the hydraulic architecture and wood anatomical plasticity, as well as of their physiological significance, is needed to understand how olive trees will adapt to the predicted increase in frequency and severity of drought in the Mediterranean region. Methods Dendrochronological, stable isotopic (δ^13C, δ^18O) and wood anatomical analyses were applied to understand how different water availability can affect wood stem structure and function, in rainfed and irrigated at 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) olive trees in an experimental orchard close to Benevento (Italy) from 1992 to 2009. Results Dendrochronological data indicate that cross-dating and synchronization of ring-width time series in olive tree is possible. After the start of irrigation, significantly more negative δ^13C and lower δ^18O values were recorded in irrigated trees indicating higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rates. Increased water balance induced the formation of a higher number of vessels with higher diameter. Conclusions Water balance variations affected wood anatomy and isotopic composition. Anatomical analyses detected structural and functional adjustments in rainfed trees that produced more vessels with lower diameter to Prevent Cavitation. Isotopic analyses confirmed that irrigated trees continuously showed enhanced transpiration rates.
Luca Sebastiani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tree-ring wood anatomy and stable isotopes show structural and functional adjustments in olive trees under different water availability
Plant and Soil, 2013Co-Authors: Lorenzo Rossi, Luca Sebastiani, Roberto Tognetti, Riccardo D’andria, Giovanni Morelli, Paolo CherubiniAbstract:Background and Aims Olive tree ( Olea europaea L.) is a drought-tolerant tree species cultivated in Mediterranean-type environments. Although it is tolerant to drought, dry conditions decrease its productivity. A thorough analysis of the hydraulic architecture and wood anatomical plasticity, as well as of their physiological significance, is needed to understand how olive trees will adapt to the predicted increase in frequency and severity of drought in the Mediterranean region. Methods Dendrochronological, stable isotopic (δ^13C, δ^18O) and wood anatomical analyses were applied to understand how different water availability can affect wood stem structure and function, in rainfed and irrigated at 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) olive trees in an experimental orchard close to Benevento (Italy) from 1992 to 2009. Results Dendrochronological data indicate that cross-dating and synchronization of ring-width time series in olive tree is possible. After the start of irrigation, significantly more negative δ^13C and lower δ^18O values were recorded in irrigated trees indicating higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rates. Increased water balance induced the formation of a higher number of vessels with higher diameter. Conclusions Water balance variations affected wood anatomy and isotopic composition. Anatomical analyses detected structural and functional adjustments in rainfed trees that produced more vessels with lower diameter to Prevent Cavitation. Isotopic analyses confirmed that irrigated trees continuously showed enhanced transpiration rates.