The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Theodore B Vanitallie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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preclinical sporadic alzheimer s disease target for personalized diagnosis and Preventive Intervention
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 2013Co-Authors: Theodore B VanitallieAbstract:The most opportune time for Preventive Intervention in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (spAD) is early in its preclinical stage (pcAD), when the odds of preventing or minimizing later disabling neurodegeneration are most favorable. The efficacy of promising Preventive Interventions should be assessed in patients in the earliest discernible phase of pcAD. This will require application of personalized medicine techniques, with use of suitable biomarkers to detect pcAD in individuals believed to be spAD-prone. This review focuses on the genetic biomarker, apolipoprotein E (apoE) e4, and on certain neuroimaging biomarkers, such as structural MRI (sMRI), fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and PET-amyloid tracers capable of delineating the extent and distribution of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits in the brain, that can be useful in identifying cognitively normal people who are at enhanced risk of developing spAD. Many years before AD symptoms appear, such neuroimaging procedures can disclose signature abnormalities of brain structure, function, and amyloid levels in cognitively normal apoE e4 allele carriers and/or individuals with a family history of spAD. Although no effective treatment for spAD is yet available, there is evidence that, by taking a proactive personalized-medicine approach, the practicing physician may be able to reduce risk in AD-prone patients by attending to such modifiable AD risk factors as hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, sedentary lifestyle, and current cigarette smoking. Young patients who are e4 positive should be advised to avoid participation in contact sports or other activities that expose them to risk of traumatic brain injury.
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Preclinical sporadic Alzheimer's disease: target for personalized diagnosis and Preventive Intervention.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2012Co-Authors: Theodore B VanitallieAbstract:The most opportune time for Preventive Intervention in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (spAD) is early in its preclinical stage (pcAD), when the odds of preventing or minimizing later disabling neurodegeneration are most favorable. The efficacy of promising Preventive Interventions should be assessed in patients in the earliest discernible phase of pcAD. This will require application of personalized medicine techniques, with use of suitable biomarkers to detect pcAD in individuals believed to be spAD-prone. This review focuses on the genetic biomarker, apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4, and on certain neuroimaging biomarkers, such as structural MRI (sMRI), fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and PET-amyloid tracers capable of delineating the extent and distribution of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits in the brain, that can be useful in identifying cognitively normal people who are at enhanced risk of developing spAD. Many years before AD symptoms appear, such neuroimaging procedures can disclose signature abnormalities of brain structure, function, and amyloid levels in cognitively normal apoE ε4 allele carriers and/or individuals with a family history of spAD. Although no effective treatment for spAD is yet available, there is evidence that, by taking a proactive personalized-medicine approach, the practicing physician may be able to reduce risk in AD-prone patients by attending to such modifiable AD risk factors as hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, sedentary lifestyle, and current cigarette smoking. Young patients who are ε4 positive should be advised to avoid participation in contact sports or other activities that expose them to risk of traumatic brain injury.
John B. Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Outcomes during middle school for an elementary school-based Preventive Intervention for conduct problems: Follow-up results from a randomized trial
Behavior Therapy, 2003Co-Authors: J. Mark Eddy, John B. Reid, Mike Stoolmiller, Rebecca A. FetrowAbstract:Middle school outcomes for a population-based, randomized Preventive Intervention trial for conduct problems are reported. Students ( n = 361), and their parents, from six elementary schools participated in the trial. Randomization into control and Preventive Intervention conditions occurred at the school level. Schools were located in neighborhoods characterized by high rates of juvenile delinquency. The Linking the Interest of Families and Teachers (LIFT) multimodal Preventive Intervention, which included behavioral parent management training, child social and problem-solving skills training, a recess behavior management program, and a classroom dedicated phone line and answering machine, was offered to students and parents from all fifth and combined fourth-fifth classrooms within Preventive Intervention schools. Survival analyses were conducted using logistic regression for substance use outcomes and Cox regression for police arrest. The onset of polic arrest and patterned alcohol use during the middle school years was less likely for participants in the Preventive Intervention condition than for participants in the control condition, but no differences were found in terms of onset of tobacco use or marijuana use.
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detecting and describing Preventive Intervention effects in a universal school based randomized trial targeting delinquent and violent behavior
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2000Co-Authors: Mike Stoolmiller, J M Eddy, John B. ReidAbstract:This study examined theoretical, methodological, and statistical problems involved in evaluating the outcome of aggression on the playground for a universal Preventive Intervention for conduct disorder. Moderately aggressive children were hypothesized most likely to benefit. Aggression was measured on the playground using observers blind to the group status of the children. Behavior was microcoded in real time to minimize potential expectancy biases. The effectiveness of the Intervention was strongly related to initial levels of aggressiveness. The most aggressive children improved the most. Models that incorporated corrections for low reliability (the ratio of variance due to true time-stable individual differences to total variance) and censoring (a floor effect in the rate data due to short periods of observation) obtained effect sizes 5 times larger than models without such corrections with respect to children who were initially 2 SDs above the mean on aggressiveness. Over the past 20 years, there has been increasing effort expended within the scientific community toward the development of effective Preventive Interventions for a plethora of mental, physical, and social problems, including violence and other criminal behavior (Eddy & Swanson-Gribskov, 1997). Generally, prevention scientists have adopted and refined a public health framework for the development of Interventions that uses randomized trials as the key mechanism for testing and modifying both theory and practice (Mrazek & Haggerty, 1994). Although this framework has proven useful for crystallizing the field (see http://www.preventionresearch.org), the details of many aspects of the framework, particularly in reference to randomized trials, remain to be explicated. In this article, we discuss measurement and analysis problems common to randomized trials of universal Preventive Interventions and propose solutions. Universal Interventions are delivered to an entire population rather than a selected subset of individuals within that population and are thought to be particularly promising strategies for addressing the problems of delinquency and violence in U.S. society (see Reid & Eddy, 1997; Reid, Eddy, Fetrow, & Stoolmiller, 1999). We propose solutions to the problems we discuss and illustrate such through the analysis of outcome data from the Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT) program, a school-based multimodal Intervention targeting antisocial behaviors (Reid et a]., 1999). In this type of Intervention, all the children in a particular classroom, grade level, or school are exposed to environmental
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description and immediate impacts of a Preventive Intervention for conduct problems
American Journal of Community Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: John B. Reid, Rebecca A. Fetrow, Mark J Eddy, Mike StoolmillerAbstract:A population-based randomized Intervention trial for the prevention of conduct problems (i.e., oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder) is described. The LIFT (Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers) Intervention was designed for all first- and fifth-grade elementary school boys and girls and their families living in at-risk neighborhoods characterized by high rates of juvenile delinquency. The 10-week Intervention strategy was carefully targeted at proximal and malleable antecedents in three social domains that were identified by a developmental model of conduct problems. From 12 elementary schools, 671 first and fifth graders and their families participated either in the theory-based universal Preventive Intervention or in a control condition. The Intervention consisted of parent training, a classroom-based social skills program, a playground behavioral program, and systematic communication between teachers and parents. A multiple measure assessment strategy was used to evaluate participant satisfaction and participation, fidelity of implementation, and the immediate impacts of the program on targeted antecedents.
Mike Stoolmiller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Outcomes during middle school for an elementary school-based Preventive Intervention for conduct problems: Follow-up results from a randomized trial
Behavior Therapy, 2003Co-Authors: J. Mark Eddy, John B. Reid, Mike Stoolmiller, Rebecca A. FetrowAbstract:Middle school outcomes for a population-based, randomized Preventive Intervention trial for conduct problems are reported. Students ( n = 361), and their parents, from six elementary schools participated in the trial. Randomization into control and Preventive Intervention conditions occurred at the school level. Schools were located in neighborhoods characterized by high rates of juvenile delinquency. The Linking the Interest of Families and Teachers (LIFT) multimodal Preventive Intervention, which included behavioral parent management training, child social and problem-solving skills training, a recess behavior management program, and a classroom dedicated phone line and answering machine, was offered to students and parents from all fifth and combined fourth-fifth classrooms within Preventive Intervention schools. Survival analyses were conducted using logistic regression for substance use outcomes and Cox regression for police arrest. The onset of polic arrest and patterned alcohol use during the middle school years was less likely for participants in the Preventive Intervention condition than for participants in the control condition, but no differences were found in terms of onset of tobacco use or marijuana use.
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detecting and describing Preventive Intervention effects in a universal school based randomized trial targeting delinquent and violent behavior
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2000Co-Authors: Mike Stoolmiller, J M Eddy, John B. ReidAbstract:This study examined theoretical, methodological, and statistical problems involved in evaluating the outcome of aggression on the playground for a universal Preventive Intervention for conduct disorder. Moderately aggressive children were hypothesized most likely to benefit. Aggression was measured on the playground using observers blind to the group status of the children. Behavior was microcoded in real time to minimize potential expectancy biases. The effectiveness of the Intervention was strongly related to initial levels of aggressiveness. The most aggressive children improved the most. Models that incorporated corrections for low reliability (the ratio of variance due to true time-stable individual differences to total variance) and censoring (a floor effect in the rate data due to short periods of observation) obtained effect sizes 5 times larger than models without such corrections with respect to children who were initially 2 SDs above the mean on aggressiveness. Over the past 20 years, there has been increasing effort expended within the scientific community toward the development of effective Preventive Interventions for a plethora of mental, physical, and social problems, including violence and other criminal behavior (Eddy & Swanson-Gribskov, 1997). Generally, prevention scientists have adopted and refined a public health framework for the development of Interventions that uses randomized trials as the key mechanism for testing and modifying both theory and practice (Mrazek & Haggerty, 1994). Although this framework has proven useful for crystallizing the field (see http://www.preventionresearch.org), the details of many aspects of the framework, particularly in reference to randomized trials, remain to be explicated. In this article, we discuss measurement and analysis problems common to randomized trials of universal Preventive Interventions and propose solutions. Universal Interventions are delivered to an entire population rather than a selected subset of individuals within that population and are thought to be particularly promising strategies for addressing the problems of delinquency and violence in U.S. society (see Reid & Eddy, 1997; Reid, Eddy, Fetrow, & Stoolmiller, 1999). We propose solutions to the problems we discuss and illustrate such through the analysis of outcome data from the Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT) program, a school-based multimodal Intervention targeting antisocial behaviors (Reid et a]., 1999). In this type of Intervention, all the children in a particular classroom, grade level, or school are exposed to environmental
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description and immediate impacts of a Preventive Intervention for conduct problems
American Journal of Community Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: John B. Reid, Rebecca A. Fetrow, Mark J Eddy, Mike StoolmillerAbstract:A population-based randomized Intervention trial for the prevention of conduct problems (i.e., oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder) is described. The LIFT (Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers) Intervention was designed for all first- and fifth-grade elementary school boys and girls and their families living in at-risk neighborhoods characterized by high rates of juvenile delinquency. The 10-week Intervention strategy was carefully targeted at proximal and malleable antecedents in three social domains that were identified by a developmental model of conduct problems. From 12 elementary schools, 671 first and fifth graders and their families participated either in the theory-based universal Preventive Intervention or in a control condition. The Intervention consisted of parent training, a classroom-based social skills program, a playground behavioral program, and systematic communication between teachers and parents. A multiple measure assessment strategy was used to evaluate participant satisfaction and participation, fidelity of implementation, and the immediate impacts of the program on targeted antecedents.
M Lakshmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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declines in risk behaviour and sexually transmitted infection prevalence following a community led hiv Preventive Intervention among female sex workers in mysore india
AIDS, 2008Co-Authors: Sushena Rezapaul, Tara S Beattie, Hafeez Ur Rahman Syed, Koppal T Venukumar, Mysore S Venugopal, Mary P Fathima, H R Raghavendra, Pasha Akram, Ramaiah Manjula, M LakshmiAbstract:Objective: To investigate the impact on sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections (STI) of a comprehensive community-led Intervention programme for reducing sexual risk among female sex workers (FSW) in Mysore, India. The key programme components were: community mobilization and peer-mediated outreach; increasing access to and utilization of sexual health services; and enhancing the enabling environment to support programme activities. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys among random samples of FSW were conducted 30 months apart, in 2004 and 2006. Results: Of over 1000 women who sell sex in Mysore city, 429 participated in the survey at baseline and 425 at follow-up. The median age was 30 years, median duration in sex work 4 years, and the majority were street based (88%). Striking increases in condom use were seen between baseline and follow-up surveys: condom use at last sex with occasional clients was 65% versus 90%, P < 0001; with repeat clients 53% versus 66%, P < 0.001; and with regular partners 7% versus 30%., P < 0.001. STI prevalence declined from baseline to follow-up: syphilis 25% versus 12%, P < 0.001; trichomonas infection 33% versus 14%, P < 0.001; chlamydial infection 11% versus 5%, P = 0.001; gonorrhoea 50% versus 2%, P = 0.03. HIV prevalence remained stable (26% versus 24%), and detuned assay testing suggested a decline in recent HIV infections. Conclusion: This comprehensive HIV Preventive Intervention empowering FSW has resulted in striking increases in reported condom use and a concomitant reduction in the prevalence Of Curable STI. This model should be replicated in similar urban settings across India.
Norito Kawakami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of a transdiagnostic Preventive Intervention on anxiety and depression among workers in japan a pre and posttest study
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Yui Hidaka, Kotaro Imamura, Yuki Sekiya, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Norito KawakamiAbstract:Objective This study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed transdiagnostic Preventive Intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms among workers in a pre- and posttest study design. Methods Participants were recruited from six companies and one medical clinic. The program was developed based on Unified Protocol. The outcomes were anxiety symptoms (GAD7), depressive symptoms (BDI-II), and psychological distress (K6), measured at baseline, 3-week, and 6-week follow-up. A mixed model for repeated measures was conducted for the whole sample and for a subgroup with higher psychological distress. Results Among 75 participants, this program showed no significant effects on improving any outcome in the whole sample, but a significant improvement of psychological distress among the high-distress subgroup. Conclusions The program may be effective in improving psychological distress among those who have high symptom levels.
