The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leah Krubitzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supplementary material for comparison of area 17 cellular composition in laboratory and wild caught rats including diurnal and nocturnal species
2017Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Christine E Collins, William D Todd, Jon H. Kaas, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In this study we examine the size of Primary Sensory Areas in the neocortex and the cellular composition of area 17/V1 in three rodent groups: laboratory nocturnal Norway rats (Long-Evans; Rattus norvegicus ), wild-caught nocturnal Norway rats ( R. norvegicus), and laboratory diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, we used areal measures of myeloarchitecture of the Primary Sensory Areas to compare area size and the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the number of neurons and nonneurons in area 17 in each species. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of cortex devoted to area 17 is significantly greater and the percentage of cortex devoted to S1 is significantly smaller in the diurnal Nile grass rat compared with the nocturnal Norway rat groups. Further, the laboratory rodent groups have a greater percentage of cortex devoted to auditory cortex compared with the wild-caught group. We also demonstrate that wild-caught rats have a greater density of neurons in area 17 compared to laboratory-reared animals. However, there were no other clear cellular composition differences in area 17 or differences in the percentage of brain weight devoted to area 17 between nocturnal and diurnal rats. Thus, there are differences in Primary Sensory area size between diurnal versus nocturnal and laboratory versus wild-caught rat groups and cellular density between wild-caught and laboratory rat groups. Our results demonstrate that the differences in the size and cellular composition of cortical Areas do not fit with what would be expected based on brain scaling differences alone, and have a consistent relationship with lifestyle and Sensory morphology.
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Evidence for MultiSensory Processing in Primary Sensory Areas
2015Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Karen L. Bales, Rebecca Grunewald, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In prairie voles, Primary Sensory Areas are dominated by neurons that respond to one Sensory modality, but some neurons also respond to stimulation of other modalities. To reveal the anatomical substrate for these multimodal responses, we examined the connections of the Primary auditory area 1 the anterior auditory field (A1 1 AAF), the temporal anterior area (TA), and the Primary visual area (V1). A1 1 AAF had intrinsic connections and connections with TA, multimodal cortex (MM), V1, and Primary somatoSensory area (S1). TA had intrinsic connections and connections with A1 1 AAF, MM, and V2. Callosal connections were observed in homotopic locations in auditory cortex for both fields. A1 1 AAF and TA receive thalamic input primarily from divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus but also from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd), the lateral posterior nucleus, and the ventral posterior nucleus (VP). V1 had dense intrinsic connections and connections with V2, MM, auditory cortex, pyriform cortex (Pyr), and, in some cases, somatoSensory cortex. V1 had interhemispheric connections with V1, V2, MM, S1, and Pyr and received thalamic input from LGd and VP. Our results indicate that multiSensory integration occurs in Primary Sensory Areas of the prairie vole cortex, and this may be related to behavioral specializations associated with its niche
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comparison of area 17 cellular composition in laboratory and wild caught rats including diurnal and nocturnal species
Brain Behavior and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Christine E Collins, William D Todd, Jon H. Kaas, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In this study we examine the size of Primary Sensory Areas in the neocortex and the cellular composition of area 17/V1 in three rodent groups: laboratory nocturnal Norway rats (Long-Evans; Rattus norvegicus), wild-caught nocturnal Norway rats (R. norvegicus), and laboratory diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, we used areal measures of myeloarchitecture of the Primary Sensory Areas to compare area size and the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the number of neurons and nonneurons in area 17 in each species. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of cortex devoted to area 17 is significantly greater and the percentage of cortex devoted to S1 is significantly smaller in the diurnal Nile grass rat compared with the nocturnal Norway rat groups. Further, the laboratory rodent groups have a greater percentage of cortex devoted to auditory cortex compared with the wild-caught group. We also demonstrate that wild-caught rats have a greater density of neurons in area 17 compared to laboratory-reared animals. However, there were no other clear cellular composition differences in area 17 or differences in the percentage of brain weight devoted to area 17 between nocturnal and diurnal rats. Thus, there are differences in Primary Sensory area size between diurnal versus nocturnal and laboratory versus wild-caught rat groups and cellular density between wild-caught and laboratory rat groups. Our results demonstrate that the differences in the size and cellular composition of cortical Areas do not fit with what would be expected based on brain scaling differences alone, and have a consistent relationship with lifestyle and Sensory morphology.
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Connections of Auditory and Visual Cortex in the Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogaster): Evidence for MultiSensory Processing in Primary Sensory Areas
Cerebral Cortex, 2009Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Karen L. Bales, Rebecca Grunewald, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In prairie voles, Primary Sensory Areas are dominated by neurons that respond to one Sensory modality, but some neurons also respond to stimulation of other modalities. To reveal the anatomical substrate for these multimodal responses, we examined the connections of the Primary auditory area + the anterior auditory field (A1 + AAF), the temporal anterior area (TA), and the Primary visual area (V1). A1 + AAF had intrinsic connections and connections with TA, multimodal cortex (MM), V1, and Primary somatoSensory area (S1). TA had intrinsic connections and connections with A1 + AAF, MM, and V2. Callosal connections were observed in homotopic locations in auditory cortex for both fields. A1 + AAF and TA receive thalamic input primarily from divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus but also from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd), the lateral posterior nucleus, and the ventral posterior nucleus (VP). V1 had dense intrinsic connections and connections with V2, MM, auditory cortex, pyriform cortex (Pyr), and, in some cases, somatoSensory cortex. V1 had interhemispheric connections with V1, V2, MM, S1, and Pyr and received thalamic input from LGd and VP. Our results indicate that multiSensory integration occurs in Primary Sensory Areas of the prairie vole cortex, and this may be related to behavioral specializations associated with its niche.
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in the Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogaster): Evidence for MultiSensory Processing in Primary Sensory Areas
2009Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Karen L. Bales, Rebecca Grunewald, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In prairie voles, Primary Sensory Areas are dominated by neurons that respond to one Sensory modality, but some neurons also respond to stimulation of other modalities. To reveal the anatomical substrate for these multimodal responses, we examined the connections of the Primary auditory area 1 the anterior auditory field (A1 1 AAF), the temporal anterior area (TA), and the Primary visual area (V1). A1 1 AAF had intrinsic connections and connections with TA, multimodal cortex (MM), V1, and Primary somatoSensory area (S1). TA had intrinsic connections and connections with A1 1 AAF, MM, and V2. Callosal connections were observed in homotopic locations in auditory cortex for both fields. A1 1 AAF and TA receive thalamic input primarily from divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus but also from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd), the lateral posterior nucleus, and the ventral posterior nucleus (VP). V1 had dense intrinsic connections and connections with V2, MM, auditory cortex, pyriform cortex (Pyr), and, in some cases, somatoSensory cortex. V1 had interhemispheric connections with V1, V2, MM, S1, and Pyr and received thalamic input from LGd and VP. Our results indicate that multiSensory integration occurs in Primary Sensory Areas of the prairie vole cortex, and this may be related to behavioral specializations associated with its niche
Katharine L. Campi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supplementary material for comparison of area 17 cellular composition in laboratory and wild caught rats including diurnal and nocturnal species
2017Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Christine E Collins, William D Todd, Jon H. Kaas, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In this study we examine the size of Primary Sensory Areas in the neocortex and the cellular composition of area 17/V1 in three rodent groups: laboratory nocturnal Norway rats (Long-Evans; Rattus norvegicus ), wild-caught nocturnal Norway rats ( R. norvegicus), and laboratory diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, we used areal measures of myeloarchitecture of the Primary Sensory Areas to compare area size and the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the number of neurons and nonneurons in area 17 in each species. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of cortex devoted to area 17 is significantly greater and the percentage of cortex devoted to S1 is significantly smaller in the diurnal Nile grass rat compared with the nocturnal Norway rat groups. Further, the laboratory rodent groups have a greater percentage of cortex devoted to auditory cortex compared with the wild-caught group. We also demonstrate that wild-caught rats have a greater density of neurons in area 17 compared to laboratory-reared animals. However, there were no other clear cellular composition differences in area 17 or differences in the percentage of brain weight devoted to area 17 between nocturnal and diurnal rats. Thus, there are differences in Primary Sensory area size between diurnal versus nocturnal and laboratory versus wild-caught rat groups and cellular density between wild-caught and laboratory rat groups. Our results demonstrate that the differences in the size and cellular composition of cortical Areas do not fit with what would be expected based on brain scaling differences alone, and have a consistent relationship with lifestyle and Sensory morphology.
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Evidence for MultiSensory Processing in Primary Sensory Areas
2015Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Karen L. Bales, Rebecca Grunewald, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In prairie voles, Primary Sensory Areas are dominated by neurons that respond to one Sensory modality, but some neurons also respond to stimulation of other modalities. To reveal the anatomical substrate for these multimodal responses, we examined the connections of the Primary auditory area 1 the anterior auditory field (A1 1 AAF), the temporal anterior area (TA), and the Primary visual area (V1). A1 1 AAF had intrinsic connections and connections with TA, multimodal cortex (MM), V1, and Primary somatoSensory area (S1). TA had intrinsic connections and connections with A1 1 AAF, MM, and V2. Callosal connections were observed in homotopic locations in auditory cortex for both fields. A1 1 AAF and TA receive thalamic input primarily from divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus but also from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd), the lateral posterior nucleus, and the ventral posterior nucleus (VP). V1 had dense intrinsic connections and connections with V2, MM, auditory cortex, pyriform cortex (Pyr), and, in some cases, somatoSensory cortex. V1 had interhemispheric connections with V1, V2, MM, S1, and Pyr and received thalamic input from LGd and VP. Our results indicate that multiSensory integration occurs in Primary Sensory Areas of the prairie vole cortex, and this may be related to behavioral specializations associated with its niche
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comparison of area 17 cellular composition in laboratory and wild caught rats including diurnal and nocturnal species
Brain Behavior and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Christine E Collins, William D Todd, Jon H. Kaas, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In this study we examine the size of Primary Sensory Areas in the neocortex and the cellular composition of area 17/V1 in three rodent groups: laboratory nocturnal Norway rats (Long-Evans; Rattus norvegicus), wild-caught nocturnal Norway rats (R. norvegicus), and laboratory diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, we used areal measures of myeloarchitecture of the Primary Sensory Areas to compare area size and the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the number of neurons and nonneurons in area 17 in each species. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of cortex devoted to area 17 is significantly greater and the percentage of cortex devoted to S1 is significantly smaller in the diurnal Nile grass rat compared with the nocturnal Norway rat groups. Further, the laboratory rodent groups have a greater percentage of cortex devoted to auditory cortex compared with the wild-caught group. We also demonstrate that wild-caught rats have a greater density of neurons in area 17 compared to laboratory-reared animals. However, there were no other clear cellular composition differences in area 17 or differences in the percentage of brain weight devoted to area 17 between nocturnal and diurnal rats. Thus, there are differences in Primary Sensory area size between diurnal versus nocturnal and laboratory versus wild-caught rat groups and cellular density between wild-caught and laboratory rat groups. Our results demonstrate that the differences in the size and cellular composition of cortical Areas do not fit with what would be expected based on brain scaling differences alone, and have a consistent relationship with lifestyle and Sensory morphology.
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Connections of Auditory and Visual Cortex in the Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogaster): Evidence for MultiSensory Processing in Primary Sensory Areas
Cerebral Cortex, 2009Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Karen L. Bales, Rebecca Grunewald, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In prairie voles, Primary Sensory Areas are dominated by neurons that respond to one Sensory modality, but some neurons also respond to stimulation of other modalities. To reveal the anatomical substrate for these multimodal responses, we examined the connections of the Primary auditory area + the anterior auditory field (A1 + AAF), the temporal anterior area (TA), and the Primary visual area (V1). A1 + AAF had intrinsic connections and connections with TA, multimodal cortex (MM), V1, and Primary somatoSensory area (S1). TA had intrinsic connections and connections with A1 + AAF, MM, and V2. Callosal connections were observed in homotopic locations in auditory cortex for both fields. A1 + AAF and TA receive thalamic input primarily from divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus but also from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd), the lateral posterior nucleus, and the ventral posterior nucleus (VP). V1 had dense intrinsic connections and connections with V2, MM, auditory cortex, pyriform cortex (Pyr), and, in some cases, somatoSensory cortex. V1 had interhemispheric connections with V1, V2, MM, S1, and Pyr and received thalamic input from LGd and VP. Our results indicate that multiSensory integration occurs in Primary Sensory Areas of the prairie vole cortex, and this may be related to behavioral specializations associated with its niche.
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in the Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogaster): Evidence for MultiSensory Processing in Primary Sensory Areas
2009Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Karen L. Bales, Rebecca Grunewald, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In prairie voles, Primary Sensory Areas are dominated by neurons that respond to one Sensory modality, but some neurons also respond to stimulation of other modalities. To reveal the anatomical substrate for these multimodal responses, we examined the connections of the Primary auditory area 1 the anterior auditory field (A1 1 AAF), the temporal anterior area (TA), and the Primary visual area (V1). A1 1 AAF had intrinsic connections and connections with TA, multimodal cortex (MM), V1, and Primary somatoSensory area (S1). TA had intrinsic connections and connections with A1 1 AAF, MM, and V2. Callosal connections were observed in homotopic locations in auditory cortex for both fields. A1 1 AAF and TA receive thalamic input primarily from divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus but also from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd), the lateral posterior nucleus, and the ventral posterior nucleus (VP). V1 had dense intrinsic connections and connections with V2, MM, auditory cortex, pyriform cortex (Pyr), and, in some cases, somatoSensory cortex. V1 had interhemispheric connections with V1, V2, MM, S1, and Pyr and received thalamic input from LGd and VP. Our results indicate that multiSensory integration occurs in Primary Sensory Areas of the prairie vole cortex, and this may be related to behavioral specializations associated with its niche
Miguel A. L. Nicolelis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cortical neuroprosthesis merges visible and invisible light without impairing native Sensory function
eNeuro, 2017Co-Authors: Eric E. Thomson, Miguel A. L. Nicolelis, Ivan Zea, William Windham, Yohann Thenaisie, Cameron Walker, Jason M Pedowitz, Wendy Franca, Ana L GraneiroAbstract:Abstract Adult rats equipped with a Sensory prosthesis, which transduced infrared (IR) signals into electrical signals delivered to somatoSensory cortex (S1), took approximately 4 d to learn a four-choice IR discrimination task. Here, we show that when such IR signals are projected to the Primary visual cortex (V1), rats that are pretrained in a visual-discrimination task typically learn the same IR discrimination task on their first day of training. However, without prior training on a visual discrimination task, the learning rates for S1- and V1-implanted animals converged, suggesting there is no intrinsic difference in learning rate between the two Areas. We also discovered that animals were able to integrate IR information into the ongoing visual processing stream in V1, performing a visual-IR integration task in which they had to combine IR and visual information. Furthermore, when the IR prosthesis was implanted in S1, rats showed no impairment in their ability to use their whiskers to perform a tactile discrimination task. Instead, in some rats, this ability was actually enhanced. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that cortical Sensory neuroprostheses can rapidly augment the representational scope of Primary Sensory Areas, integrating novel sources of information into ongoing processing while incurring minimal loss of native function.
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Perceiving invisible light through a somatoSensory cortical prosthesis
Nature communications, 2013Co-Authors: Eric E. Thomson, Rafael Carra, Miguel A. L. NicolelisAbstract:Primary Sensory Areas of newborn mammals typically display input-dependent plasticity. Thomson and colleagues use a Sensory prosthetic device in rats to show that adult rats can discriminate different infrared light signals, when the signals are routed to somatoSensory cortex by electrical microstimulation.
Marco Aurelio M Freire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non-visual exploration of novel objects increases the levels of plasticity factors in the rat Primary visual cortex
PeerJ, 2018Co-Authors: Catia M. Pereira, Marco Aurelio M Freire, Antonio Pereira, José R. Santos, Joanilson S. Guimarães, Gabriella Dias-florencio, Sharlene Santos, Sidarta RibeiroAbstract:Background. Historically, the Primary Sensory Areas of the cerebral cortex have been exclusively associated with the processing of a single Sensory modality. Yet, the presence of tactile responses in the Primary visual (V1) cortex has challenged this view, leading to the notion that Primary Sensory Areas engage in cross-modal processing, and that the associated circuitry is modifiable by such activity. To explore this notion, here we assessed whether the exploration of novel objects in the dark induces the activation of plasticity markers in the V1 cortex of rats. Methods. Adult rats were allowed to freely explore for 20 min a completely dark box with four novel objects of different shapes and textures. Animals were euthanized either 1 (nD5) or 3 h (nD5) after exploration. A control group (nD5) was placed for 20 min in the same environment, but without the objects. Frontal sections of the brains were submitted to immunohistochemistry to measure protein levels of egr-1 and c-fos, and phosphorylated calcium-dependent kinase (pCaKMII), in V1 cortex. Results. The amount of neurons labeled with monoclonal antibodies against c-fos, egr-1 or pCaKMII increased significantly in V1 cortex after one hour of exploration in the dark. Three hours after exploration, the number of labeled neurons decreased to basal levels. Conclusions. Our results suggest that non-visual exploration induces the activation of immediate-early genes in V1 cortex, which is suggestive of cross-modal processing in this area. Besides, the increase in the number of neurons labeled with pCaKMII may signal a condition promoting synaptic plasticity.
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Morphometric variability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase neurons in the Primary Sensory Areas of the rat.
Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Marco Aurelio M Freire, Jean Faber, Cristovam W. Picanço-diniz, João G. Franca, Antonio PereiraAbstract:Abstract Even though there is great regional variation in the distribution of inhibitory neurons in the mammalian isocortex, relatively little is known about their morphological differences across areal borders. To obtain a better understanding of particularities of inhibitory circuits in cortical Areas that correspond to different Sensory modalities, we investigated the morphometric differences of a subset of inhibitory neurons reactive to the enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) within the Primary auditory (A1), somatoSensory (S1), and visual (V1) Areas of the rat. One hundred and twenty NADPH-d–reactive neurons from cortical layer IV (40 cells in each cortical area) were reconstructed using the Neurolucida system. We collected morphometric data on cell body area, dendritic field area, number of dendrites per branching order, total dendritic length, dendritic complexity (Sholl analysis), and fractal dimension. To characterize different cell groups based on morphology, we performed a cluster analysis based on the previously mentioned parameters and searched for correlations among these variables. Morphometric analysis of NADPH-d neurons allowed us to distinguish three groups of cells, corresponding to the three analyzed Areas. S1 neurons have a higher morphological complexity than those found in both A1 and V1. The difference among these groups, based on cluster analysis, was mainly related to the size and complexity of dendritic branching. A principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the data showed that area of dendritic field and fractal dimension are the parameters mostly responsible for dataset variance among the three Areas. Our results suggest that the nitrergic cortical circuitry of Primary Sensory Areas of the rat is differentially specialized, probably reflecting peculiarities of both habit and behavior of the species.
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cross modal responses in the Primary visual cortex encode complex objects and correlate with tactile discrimination
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011Co-Authors: Nivaldo Vasconcelos, Hindiael Belchior, Fabio Viegas Caixeta, Jean Faber, Marco Aurelio M Freire, Janaina Pantoja, Vinicius Rosa Cota, Edson Anibal De MacedoAbstract:Cortical Areas that directly receive Sensory inputs from the thalamus were long thought to be exclusively dedicated to a single modality, originating separate labeled lines. In the past decade, however, several independent lines of research have demonstrated cross-modal responses in Primary Sensory Areas. To investigate whether these responses represent behaviorally relevant information, we carried out neuronal recordings in the Primary somatoSensory cortex (S1) and Primary visual cortex (V1) of rats as they performed whisker-based tasks in the dark. During the free exploration of novel objects, V1 and S1 responses carried comparable amounts of information about object identity. During execution of an aperture tactile discrimination task, tactile recruitment was slower and less robust in V1 than in S1. However, V1 tactile responses correlated significantly with performance across sessions. Altogether, the results support the notion that Primary Sensory Areas have a preference for a given modality but can engage in meaningful cross-modal processing depending on task demand.
William D Todd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supplementary material for comparison of area 17 cellular composition in laboratory and wild caught rats including diurnal and nocturnal species
2017Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Christine E Collins, William D Todd, Jon H. Kaas, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In this study we examine the size of Primary Sensory Areas in the neocortex and the cellular composition of area 17/V1 in three rodent groups: laboratory nocturnal Norway rats (Long-Evans; Rattus norvegicus ), wild-caught nocturnal Norway rats ( R. norvegicus), and laboratory diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, we used areal measures of myeloarchitecture of the Primary Sensory Areas to compare area size and the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the number of neurons and nonneurons in area 17 in each species. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of cortex devoted to area 17 is significantly greater and the percentage of cortex devoted to S1 is significantly smaller in the diurnal Nile grass rat compared with the nocturnal Norway rat groups. Further, the laboratory rodent groups have a greater percentage of cortex devoted to auditory cortex compared with the wild-caught group. We also demonstrate that wild-caught rats have a greater density of neurons in area 17 compared to laboratory-reared animals. However, there were no other clear cellular composition differences in area 17 or differences in the percentage of brain weight devoted to area 17 between nocturnal and diurnal rats. Thus, there are differences in Primary Sensory area size between diurnal versus nocturnal and laboratory versus wild-caught rat groups and cellular density between wild-caught and laboratory rat groups. Our results demonstrate that the differences in the size and cellular composition of cortical Areas do not fit with what would be expected based on brain scaling differences alone, and have a consistent relationship with lifestyle and Sensory morphology.
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comparison of area 17 cellular composition in laboratory and wild caught rats including diurnal and nocturnal species
Brain Behavior and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Katharine L. Campi, Christine E Collins, William D Todd, Jon H. Kaas, Leah KrubitzerAbstract:In this study we examine the size of Primary Sensory Areas in the neocortex and the cellular composition of area 17/V1 in three rodent groups: laboratory nocturnal Norway rats (Long-Evans; Rattus norvegicus), wild-caught nocturnal Norway rats (R. norvegicus), and laboratory diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, we used areal measures of myeloarchitecture of the Primary Sensory Areas to compare area size and the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the number of neurons and nonneurons in area 17 in each species. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of cortex devoted to area 17 is significantly greater and the percentage of cortex devoted to S1 is significantly smaller in the diurnal Nile grass rat compared with the nocturnal Norway rat groups. Further, the laboratory rodent groups have a greater percentage of cortex devoted to auditory cortex compared with the wild-caught group. We also demonstrate that wild-caught rats have a greater density of neurons in area 17 compared to laboratory-reared animals. However, there were no other clear cellular composition differences in area 17 or differences in the percentage of brain weight devoted to area 17 between nocturnal and diurnal rats. Thus, there are differences in Primary Sensory area size between diurnal versus nocturnal and laboratory versus wild-caught rat groups and cellular density between wild-caught and laboratory rat groups. Our results demonstrate that the differences in the size and cellular composition of cortical Areas do not fit with what would be expected based on brain scaling differences alone, and have a consistent relationship with lifestyle and Sensory morphology.