The Experts below are selected from a list of 5070 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Alan J. Pegna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Basic instinct undressed: early spatiotemporal processing for Primary Sexual Characteristics.
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lore B. Legrand, Marzia Del Zotto, Rémi Tyrand, Alan J. Pegna
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with conscious and non-conscious processing of naked and dressed human bodies. To this effect, stimuli of naked men and women with visible Primary Sexual Characteristics, as well as dressed bodies, were presented to 20 heteroSexual male and female participants while acquiring high resolution EEG data. The stimuli were either consciously detectable (supraliminal presentations) or were rendered non-conscious through backward masking (subliminal presentations). The N1 event-related potential component was significantly enhanced in participants when they viewed naked compared to dressed bodies under supraliminal viewing conditions. More importantly, naked bodies of the opposite sex produced a significantly greater N1 component compared to dressed bodies during subliminal presentations, when participants were not aware of the stimulus presented. A source localization algorithm computed on the N1 showed that the response for naked bodies in the supraliminal viewing condition was stronger in body processing areas, Primary visual areas and additional structures related to emotion processing. By contrast, in the subliminal viewing condition, only visual and body processing areas were found to be activated. These results suggest that naked bodies and Primary Sexual Characteristics are processed early in time (i.e.,

  • basic instinct undressed early spatiotemporal processing for Primary Sexual Characteristics
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lore B. Legrand, Rémi Tyrand, Alan J. Pegna, Marzia Del Zotto
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with conscious and non-conscious processing of naked and dressed human bodies. To this effect, stimuli of naked men and women with visible Primary Sexual Characteristics, as well as dressed bodies, were presented to 20 heteroSexual male and female participants while acquiring high resolution EEG data. The stimuli were either consciously detectable (supraliminal presentations) or were rendered non-conscious through backward masking (subliminal presentations). The N1 event-related potential component was significantly enhanced in participants when they viewed naked compared to dressed bodies under supraliminal viewing conditions. More importantly, naked bodies of the opposite sex produced a significantly greater N1 component compared to dressed bodies during subliminal presentations, when participants were not aware of the stimulus presented. A source localization algorithm computed on the N1 showed that the response for naked bodies in the supraliminal viewing condition was stronger in body processing areas, Primary visual areas and additional structures related to emotion processing. By contrast, in the subliminal viewing condition, only visual and body processing areas were found to be activated. These results suggest that naked bodies and Primary Sexual Characteristics are processed early in time (i.e., <200 ms) and activate key brain structures even when they are not consciously detected. It appears that, similarly to what has been reported for emotional faces, Sexual features benefit from automatic and rapid processing, most likely due to their high relevance for the individual and their importance for the species in terms of reproductive success.

Lore B. Legrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Basic instinct undressed: early spatiotemporal processing for Primary Sexual Characteristics.
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lore B. Legrand, Marzia Del Zotto, Rémi Tyrand, Alan J. Pegna
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with conscious and non-conscious processing of naked and dressed human bodies. To this effect, stimuli of naked men and women with visible Primary Sexual Characteristics, as well as dressed bodies, were presented to 20 heteroSexual male and female participants while acquiring high resolution EEG data. The stimuli were either consciously detectable (supraliminal presentations) or were rendered non-conscious through backward masking (subliminal presentations). The N1 event-related potential component was significantly enhanced in participants when they viewed naked compared to dressed bodies under supraliminal viewing conditions. More importantly, naked bodies of the opposite sex produced a significantly greater N1 component compared to dressed bodies during subliminal presentations, when participants were not aware of the stimulus presented. A source localization algorithm computed on the N1 showed that the response for naked bodies in the supraliminal viewing condition was stronger in body processing areas, Primary visual areas and additional structures related to emotion processing. By contrast, in the subliminal viewing condition, only visual and body processing areas were found to be activated. These results suggest that naked bodies and Primary Sexual Characteristics are processed early in time (i.e.,

  • basic instinct undressed early spatiotemporal processing for Primary Sexual Characteristics
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lore B. Legrand, Rémi Tyrand, Alan J. Pegna, Marzia Del Zotto
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with conscious and non-conscious processing of naked and dressed human bodies. To this effect, stimuli of naked men and women with visible Primary Sexual Characteristics, as well as dressed bodies, were presented to 20 heteroSexual male and female participants while acquiring high resolution EEG data. The stimuli were either consciously detectable (supraliminal presentations) or were rendered non-conscious through backward masking (subliminal presentations). The N1 event-related potential component was significantly enhanced in participants when they viewed naked compared to dressed bodies under supraliminal viewing conditions. More importantly, naked bodies of the opposite sex produced a significantly greater N1 component compared to dressed bodies during subliminal presentations, when participants were not aware of the stimulus presented. A source localization algorithm computed on the N1 showed that the response for naked bodies in the supraliminal viewing condition was stronger in body processing areas, Primary visual areas and additional structures related to emotion processing. By contrast, in the subliminal viewing condition, only visual and body processing areas were found to be activated. These results suggest that naked bodies and Primary Sexual Characteristics are processed early in time (i.e., <200 ms) and activate key brain structures even when they are not consciously detected. It appears that, similarly to what has been reported for emotional faces, Sexual features benefit from automatic and rapid processing, most likely due to their high relevance for the individual and their importance for the species in terms of reproductive success.

Marzia Del Zotto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • basic instinct undressed early spatiotemporal processing for Primary Sexual Characteristics
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lore B. Legrand, Rémi Tyrand, Alan J. Pegna, Marzia Del Zotto
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with conscious and non-conscious processing of naked and dressed human bodies. To this effect, stimuli of naked men and women with visible Primary Sexual Characteristics, as well as dressed bodies, were presented to 20 heteroSexual male and female participants while acquiring high resolution EEG data. The stimuli were either consciously detectable (supraliminal presentations) or were rendered non-conscious through backward masking (subliminal presentations). The N1 event-related potential component was significantly enhanced in participants when they viewed naked compared to dressed bodies under supraliminal viewing conditions. More importantly, naked bodies of the opposite sex produced a significantly greater N1 component compared to dressed bodies during subliminal presentations, when participants were not aware of the stimulus presented. A source localization algorithm computed on the N1 showed that the response for naked bodies in the supraliminal viewing condition was stronger in body processing areas, Primary visual areas and additional structures related to emotion processing. By contrast, in the subliminal viewing condition, only visual and body processing areas were found to be activated. These results suggest that naked bodies and Primary Sexual Characteristics are processed early in time (i.e., <200 ms) and activate key brain structures even when they are not consciously detected. It appears that, similarly to what has been reported for emotional faces, Sexual features benefit from automatic and rapid processing, most likely due to their high relevance for the individual and their importance for the species in terms of reproductive success.

Rémi Tyrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Basic instinct undressed: early spatiotemporal processing for Primary Sexual Characteristics.
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lore B. Legrand, Marzia Del Zotto, Rémi Tyrand, Alan J. Pegna
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with conscious and non-conscious processing of naked and dressed human bodies. To this effect, stimuli of naked men and women with visible Primary Sexual Characteristics, as well as dressed bodies, were presented to 20 heteroSexual male and female participants while acquiring high resolution EEG data. The stimuli were either consciously detectable (supraliminal presentations) or were rendered non-conscious through backward masking (subliminal presentations). The N1 event-related potential component was significantly enhanced in participants when they viewed naked compared to dressed bodies under supraliminal viewing conditions. More importantly, naked bodies of the opposite sex produced a significantly greater N1 component compared to dressed bodies during subliminal presentations, when participants were not aware of the stimulus presented. A source localization algorithm computed on the N1 showed that the response for naked bodies in the supraliminal viewing condition was stronger in body processing areas, Primary visual areas and additional structures related to emotion processing. By contrast, in the subliminal viewing condition, only visual and body processing areas were found to be activated. These results suggest that naked bodies and Primary Sexual Characteristics are processed early in time (i.e.,

  • basic instinct undressed early spatiotemporal processing for Primary Sexual Characteristics
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lore B. Legrand, Rémi Tyrand, Alan J. Pegna, Marzia Del Zotto
    Abstract:

    This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics associated with conscious and non-conscious processing of naked and dressed human bodies. To this effect, stimuli of naked men and women with visible Primary Sexual Characteristics, as well as dressed bodies, were presented to 20 heteroSexual male and female participants while acquiring high resolution EEG data. The stimuli were either consciously detectable (supraliminal presentations) or were rendered non-conscious through backward masking (subliminal presentations). The N1 event-related potential component was significantly enhanced in participants when they viewed naked compared to dressed bodies under supraliminal viewing conditions. More importantly, naked bodies of the opposite sex produced a significantly greater N1 component compared to dressed bodies during subliminal presentations, when participants were not aware of the stimulus presented. A source localization algorithm computed on the N1 showed that the response for naked bodies in the supraliminal viewing condition was stronger in body processing areas, Primary visual areas and additional structures related to emotion processing. By contrast, in the subliminal viewing condition, only visual and body processing areas were found to be activated. These results suggest that naked bodies and Primary Sexual Characteristics are processed early in time (i.e., <200 ms) and activate key brain structures even when they are not consciously detected. It appears that, similarly to what has been reported for emotional faces, Sexual features benefit from automatic and rapid processing, most likely due to their high relevance for the individual and their importance for the species in terms of reproductive success.

Richard E. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chapter 4 – The Male Reproductive System
    Human Reproductive Biology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Richard E. Jones
    Abstract:

    The male reproductive tract includes a pair of testes (testicles), which produce the male germ cells (gametes) called spermatozoa (sing., spermatozoon), or sperm. The testes, the male sex accessory ducts (which receive, store, and transport sperm), and the sex accessory glands (which add substances to the ducts), as well as the external genitalia, are all male Primary Sexual Characteristics. The male secondary Sexual Characteristics include all those external features (except the external genitalia) that distinguish an adult man from an adult woman. These include larger muscles, greater average height, facial hair, and a lower voice.

  • The Male Reproductive System
    Human Reproductive Biology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Richard E. Jones, Kristin H. Lopez
    Abstract:

    This chapter discusses the anatomical features of an adult male and the male reproductive system. The male reproductive tract consists of a pair of testes, which produce the male sex cells called spermatozoa or sperm. The male Primary Sexual Characteristics include the testes, the male sex accessory ducts, the sex accessory glands, and the external genitalia. The male secondary Sexual Characteristics include all those external features that distinguish an adult man from an adult woman. These include larger muscles, greater average height, facial hair, and lowered voice. The anterior pituitary gland secretes two gonadotropic hormones, both of which are necessary for the testicular function. Each testes is subdivided into testicular lobules and each lobule contains seminiferous tubules, which are the site of sperm production. The penis consists of a glans penis, a shaft, and a prepuce. The shaft contains spongy tissue that fills with blood during an erection. The scrotum is a pouch of skin and muscle that contains both the testes. This sac plays a role in controlling the testicular temperature and may play a role in Sexual behavior.

  • The Female Reproductive System
    Human Reproductive Biology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Richard E. Jones, Kristin H. Lopez
    Abstract:

    This chapter discusses the anatomy, endocrinology, and disorders of the adult female reproductive system. The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, and mammary glands. All of these structures have evolved for the Primary functions of the ovulation, the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm, and the birth and care of a newborn. The components of this system are integrated structurally and physiologically. The female Primary Sexual Characteristics are the internal structures of the reproductive system, including the ovaries, the female sex accessory ducts, and the external genitalia. The female secondary Sexual Characteristics include all the external features that distinguish an adult female from an adult male. These include enlarged breasts and characteristic distribution of fat in the torso. The anatomical features that distinguish females from males are the female Sexual Characteristics. The growth and function of the glandular tissues are controlled by the hormones. Breast cancer is a relatively common disease that might be influenced by lifetime exposure to natural and environmental estrogens as well as inherited genes.