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Roland Boer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Women First? On the Legacy of ‘Primitive Communism’
    2016
    Co-Authors: Roland Boer
    Abstract:

    One of the most important contributions to the study of the Hebrew Bible in the last 25 years is the argument for a mode of production unique to early Israel. Variously called the communitarian (Norman Gottwald), household (Carol Meyers), domestic (David Jobling and Ronald Simkins), or familial (Gail Yee), such a mode of production urges a firm basis in the study of political economics or Marxism. However, another feature of these argu-ments (apart from Simkins) is that such a mode of production was at least comparatively better for women. The concern of this article is to trace such a motif back through the work of biblical scholars to Marshall Sahlins, the anthropologist who first proposed the domestic mode of production, and then to the crucial work of Friedrich Engels, Lewis Henry Morgan, and J.J. Bachofen. What this article finds is that Primitive Communism has a more durable legacy in biblical studies than may at first appear. Less the spectre with which I was tempted to begin this essay, Primitive Communism is alive and well in biblical studies. 1 But it has an all too curious form. Not so much the classical Marxist category of the society before want, even before the primary division of labour between men and women and the exploitation of the latter by the former (see Engels 1985: 96), but rather the society in which women were at least slightly better 1. Then the beginning would have read: ‘A spectre is haunting biblical studies, the spectre of “Primitive Communism”’

  • Political Myth: On the Use and Abuse of Biblical Themes
    2009
    Co-Authors: Roland Boer
    Abstract:

    Preface ix Introduction 1 1. Toward a Theory of Political Myth 9 2. Women First? On the Legacy of "Primitive Communism" 36 3. The Fantasy of Myth 62 4. The Sacred Economy 89 5. Foreign Policy and the Fantasy of Israel in Australia 116 6. Christianity, Capitalism, and the Fantasy of Israel in the United States 144 7. Mythmaking for the Left 168 Conclusion 189 Appendix 193 Notes 213 Bibliography 227 Indexes 245

  • Women First? On the Legacy of ‘Primitive Communism’
    Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 2005
    Co-Authors: Roland Boer
    Abstract:

    One of the most important contributions to the study of the Hebrew Bible in the last 25 years is the argument for a mode of production unique to early Israel. Variously called the communitarian (Norman Gottwald), household (Carol Meyers), domestic (David Jobling and Ronald Simkins), or familial (Gail Yee), such a mode of production urges a firm basis in the study of political economics or Marxism. However, another feature of these arguments (apart from Simkins) is that such a mode of production was at least comparatively better for women. The concern of this article is to trace such a motif back through the work of biblical scholars to Marshall Sahlins, the anthropologist who first proposed the domestic mode of production, and then to the crucial work of Friedrich Engels, Lewis Henry Morgan, and J.J. Bachofen. What this article finds is that Primitive Communism has a more durable legacy in biblical studies than may at first appear.

Nongo Aziagbia, Nestor Désiré - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Brotherhood in Christ : theological bases of ecclesial being and its african incidence
    2012
    Co-Authors: Nongo Aziagbia, Nestor Désiré
    Abstract:

    Tout le discours sur le relativisme situe les difficultés de l'Église dans un monde de plus en plus globalisé. L'institution ecclésiale n'est plus au cœur de l'organisation sociale. Elle doit se frayer une place dans une constellation de systèmes qui sont parfois mis en concurrence les uns avec les autres. Il se pose inéluctablement la question de l'Église. Que peut-on en dire ? La Bible ne répond pas directement à la question, sauf qu'elle propose une multitude de métaphores qui ont été reprises avec plus ou moins de succès par des théologiens. Elles constituent autant de modèles ecclésiaux. Ces différentes représentations donnent une certaine image de l'Église et de ce qu'elle est. Aucun paradigme ne semble faire l'unanimité. Toutefois la fraternité présente plus d'avantages que les autres. Aussi la considérons-nous comme la meilleure expression ecclésiale. C'est dans cette perspective que nous avons formulé la problématique de notre recherche qui porte sur "La fraternité en Christ : les fondements théologiques de l'être ecclésial et son incidence africaine". En conjuguant aussi bien la dimension structurelle et les sentiments fraternels, la théologie de la fraternité dépasse les impasses liées uniquement à l'institution d'une part et aux vertus de l'autre. Elle transcende les limites imposées par les traditions. En effet l'Église-Fraternité est essentiellement facteur de relations. Elle relie l'homme à Dieu et rapproche les hommes les uns des autres. Ces travaux de thèse s'inscrivent dans la perspective de recherches que j'ai entreprises en Maîtrise et en Master sur les critères de reconnaissance d'une véritable ecclésialité. Pour les uns, l'Eglise est une grosse machine juridique sans cœur et sans âme qui écrase tout sur son passage. Elle pèse par son poids et sa lourdeur. Par ailleurs elle n'a aucune compassion pour ceux et celles qui ne se conforment pas à ses principes directeurs. Cette Eglise semble lointaine et indifférente aux personnes et de leurs préoccupations. Pour d'autres, l'Eglise manifeste l'idéal d'une vie communautaire entre des hommes et des femmes qui ont répondu à l'appel de Jésus, lui ont soumis leur volonté et se sont fait ses disciples. C'est l'image qui se dégage du récit des Actes des Apôtres. Ce Communisme primitif constituait la spécificité de la communauté naissante de Jérusalem. Jésus mène par contre l'homme à la connaissance d'un père et l'introduit dans une relation filiale. Il apparaît alors de toute évidence que l'homme est porté dans une relation transcendée. C'est la dimension de la filiation adoptive par laquelle il se reconnaît enfant de Dieu, frère et sœur en Jésus-Christ, Fils unique de Dieu, et frère et sœur vis-à-vis des autres. Cette fraternité embrasse tous les hommes. En effet la filiation établit une relation nouvelle en Jésus Christ. Cette communauté des frères et des sœurs ne se réalise que dans l'Esprit-Saint. L'Eglise en tant que Fraternité se distingue de toute autre société car sa cohésion sociale est fondée sur l'Evangile.All the talk about relativism points out the difficulties related to the Church in a more globalised world. The ecclesial institution is no longer in the heart of the social organization. The Church has to make a way for herself in the midst of a constellation of systems which are, at times, put in competition one with the other. That raises ineluctably a question about the Church. What can one say about Her ? The Bible does not frankly answer the question, except that it offers several metaphors that have been more or less successfully taken by theologians. They constitute as many ecclesial models. These various representations convey a certain image of the Church and what she stands for. No paradigm seems to carry a unanimous vote. However the brotherhood presents more advantages than the others. That is why we consider it to be the best expression of the Church. lt is from this point of view that we have formulated the problematic of our essay on "Brotherhood in Christ: theological bases of ecclesial being and its African incidence". While combining the structural dimension with the brotherly feelings, the theology of the brotherhood surpasses the dead ends linked only with the institution on one hand and the virtues of the other. It goes beyond the limits set by human traditions. Indeed Church-Fraternity is primarily factor of relations. It connects man to God and draws closer people one to another. This doctorate thesis is the deepening of the research I started while I registered for the Master programme. It deals with the criteria for recognition of true ecclesial characters, which is ecclesiality. For some, the Church is a heavy legal machine, without heart and soul that crushes everything in its path. She makes her weight felt. Otherwise she does not manifest any compassion to those who do not comply with her guidelines. This Church seems distant and indifferent to people and their concerns. For others, the Church manifests the ideal of community life between women and men who answered the call of Jesus, have submitted their will to Him and made themselves his disciples. This is the picture one can get from the narrative of the Acts of the Apostles. This Primitive Communism was the specificity of the nascent community of Jerusalem. Instead Jesus directs people to the knowledge of the Father and leads them into a filial relationship. It then clearly appears that people are brought into a changed relationship. This is the dimension of the adoptive filiation by which they are recognized God's children, sisters and brothers in Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, and brother and sister vis­ à-vis others. This fraternity embraces everyone. Indeed filiation or being a direct descendant of someone establishes henceforth a new relationship in Jesus Christ. This community of sisters and brothers is realized only in the Holy Spirit. The Church, as a Fellowship, differs from any other company, for its social cohesion is based on the Gospel

  • La fraternité en Christ : fondements de l’être ecclésial et son incidence africaine
    HAL CCSD, 2012
    Co-Authors: Nongo Aziagbia, Nestor Désiré
    Abstract:

    All the talk about relativism points out the difficulties related to the Church in a more globalised world. The ecclesial institution is no longer in the heart of the social organization. The Church has to make a way for herself in the midst of a constellation of systems which are, at times, put in competition one with the other. That raises ineluctably a question about the Church. What can one say about Her ? The Bible does not frankly answer the question, except that it offers several metaphors that have been more or less successfully taken by theologians. They constitute as many ecclesial models. These various representations convey a certain image of the Church and what she stands for. No paradigm seems to carry a unanimous vote. However the brotherhood presents more advantages than the others. That is why we consider it to be the best expression of the Church. lt is from this point of view that we have formulated the problematic of our essay on "Brotherhood in Christ: theological bases of ecclesial being and its African incidence". While combining the structural dimension with the brotherly feelings, the theology of the brotherhood surpasses the dead ends linked only with the institution on one hand and the virtues of the other. It goes beyond the limits set by human traditions. Indeed Church-Fraternity is primarily factor of relations. It connects man to God and draws closer people one to another. This doctorate thesis is the deepening of the research I started while I registered for the Master programme. It deals with the criteria for recognition of true ecclesial characters, which is ecclesiality. For some, the Church is a heavy legal machine, without heart and soul that crushes everything in its path. She makes her weight felt. Otherwise she does not manifest any compassion to those who do not comply with her guidelines. This Church seems distant and indifferent to people and their concerns. For others, the Church manifests the ideal of community life between women and men who answered the call of Jesus, have submitted their will to Him and made themselves his disciples. This is the picture one can get from the narrative of the Acts of the Apostles. This Primitive Communism was the specificity of the nascent community of Jerusalem. Instead Jesus directs people to the knowledge of the Father and leads them into a filial relationship. It then clearly appears that people are brought into a changed relationship. This is the dimension of the adoptive filiation by which they are recognized God's children, sisters and brothers in Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, and brother and sister vis­ à-vis others. This fraternity embraces everyone. Indeed filiation or being a direct descendant of someone establishes henceforth a new relationship in Jesus Christ. This community of sisters and brothers is realized only in the Holy Spirit. The Church, as a Fellowship, differs from any other company, for its social cohesion is based on the Gospel.Tout le discours sur le relativisme situe les difficultés de l'Église dans un monde de plus en plus globalisé. L'institution ecclésiale n'est plus au cœur de l'organisation sociale. Elle doit se frayer une place dans une constellation de systèmes qui sont parfois mis en concurrence les uns avec les autres. Il se pose inéluctablement la question de l'Église. Que peut-on en dire ? La Bible ne répond pas directement à la question, sauf qu'elle propose une multitude de métaphores qui ont été reprises avec plus ou moins de succès par des théologiens. Elles constituent autant de modèles ecclésiaux. Ces différentes représentations donnent une certaine image de l'Église et de ce qu'elle est. Aucun paradigme ne semble faire l'unanimité. Toutefois la fraternité présente plus d'avantages que les autres. Aussi la considérons-nous comme la meilleure expression ecclésiale. C'est dans cette perspective que nous avons formulé la problématique de notre recherche qui porte sur "La fraternité en Christ : les fondements théologiques de l'être ecclésial et son incidence africaine". En conjuguant aussi bien la dimension structurelle et les sentiments fraternels, la théologie de la fraternité dépasse les impasses liées uniquement à l'institution d'une part et aux vertus de l'autre. Elle transcende les limites imposées par les traditions. En effet l'Église-Fraternité est essentiellement facteur de relations. Elle relie l'homme à Dieu et rapproche les hommes les uns des autres. Ces travaux de thèse s'inscrivent dans la perspective de recherches que j'ai entreprises en Maîtrise et en Master sur les critères de reconnaissance d'une véritable ecclésialité. Pour les uns, l'Eglise est une grosse machine juridique sans cœur et sans âme qui écrase tout sur son passage. Elle pèse par son poids et sa lourdeur. Par ailleurs elle n'a aucune compassion pour ceux et celles qui ne se conforment pas à ses principes directeurs. Cette Eglise semble lointaine et indifférente aux personnes et de leurs préoccupations. Pour d'autres, l'Eglise manifeste l'idéal d'une vie communautaire entre des hommes et des femmes qui ont répondu à l'appel de Jésus, lui ont soumis leur volonté et se sont fait ses disciples. C'est l'image qui se dégage du récit des Actes des Apôtres. Ce Communisme primitif constituait la spécificité de la communauté naissante de Jérusalem. Jésus mène par contre l'homme à la connaissance d'un père et l'introduit dans une relation filiale. Il apparaît alors de toute évidence que l'homme est porté dans une relation transcendée. C'est la dimension de la filiation adoptive par laquelle il se reconnaît enfant de Dieu, frère et sœur en Jésus-Christ, Fils unique de Dieu, et frère et sœur vis-à-vis des autres. Cette fraternité embrasse tous les hommes. En effet la filiation établit une relation nouvelle en Jésus Christ. Cette communauté des frères et des sœurs ne se réalise que dans l'Esprit-Saint. L'Eglise en tant que Fraternité se distingue de toute autre société car sa cohésion sociale est fondée sur l'Evangile

  • La fraternité en Christ (fondements de l'être ecclésial et son incidence africaine)
    Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, 2012
    Co-Authors: Nongo Aziagbia, Nestor Désiré, Deneken Michel
    Abstract:

    Tout le discours sur le relativisme situe les difficultés de l'Église dans un monde de plus en plus globalisé. L'institution ecclésiale n'est plus au cœur de l'organisation sociale. Elle doit se frayer une place dans une constellation de systèmes qui sont parfois mis en concurrence les uns avec les autres. Il se pose inéluctablement la question de l'Église. Que peut-on en dire ? La Bible ne répond pas directement à la question, sauf qu'elle propose une multitude de métaphores qui ont été reprises avec plus ou moins de succès par des théologiens. Elles constituent autant de modèles ecclésiaux. Ces différentes représentations donnent une certaine image de l'Église et de ce qu'elle est. Aucun paradigme ne semble faire l'unanimité. Toutefois la fraternité présente plus d'avantages que les autres. Aussi la considérons-nous comme la meilleure expression ecclésiale. C'est dans cette perspective que nous avons formulé la problématique de notre recherche qui porte sur "La fraternité en Christ : les fondements théologiques de l'être ecclésial et son incidence africaine". En conjuguant aussi bien la dimension structurelle et les sentiments fraternels, la théologie de la fraternité dépasse les impasses liées uniquement à l'institution d'une part et aux vertus de l'autre. Elle transcende les limites imposées par les traditions. En effet l'Église-Fraternité est essentiellement facteur de relations. Elle relie l'homme à Dieu et rapproche les hommes les uns des autres. Ces travaux de thèse s'inscrivent dans la perspective de recherches que j'ai entreprises en Maîtrise et en Master sur les critères de reconnaissance d'une véritable ecclésialité. Pour les uns, l'Eglise est une grosse machine juridique sans cœur et sans âme qui écrase tout sur son passage. Elle pèse par son poids et sa lourdeur. Par ailleurs elle n'a aucune compassion pour ceux et celles qui ne se conforment pas à ses principes directeurs. Cette Eglise semble lointaine et indifférente aux personnes et de leurs préoccupations. Pour d'autres, l'Eglise manifeste l'idéal d'une vie communautaire entre des hommes et des femmes qui ont répondu à l'appel de Jésus, lui ont soumis leur volonté et se sont fait ses disciples. C'est l'image qui se dégage du récit des Actes des Apôtres. Ce Communisme primitif constituait la spécificité de la communauté naissante de Jérusalem. Jésus mène par contre l'homme à la connaissance d'un père et l'introduit dans une relation filiale. Il apparaît alors de toute évidence que l'homme est porté dans une relation transcendée. C'est la dimension de la filiation adoptive par laquelle il se reconnaît enfant de Dieu, frère et sœur en Jésus-Christ, Fils unique de Dieu, et frère et sœur vis-à-vis des autres. Cette fraternité embrasse tous les hommes. En effet la filiation établit une relation nouvelle en Jésus Christ. Cette communauté des frères et des sœurs ne se réalise que dans l'Esprit-Saint. L'Eglise en tant que Fraternité se distingue de toute autre société car sa cohésion sociale est fondée sur l'Evangile.All the talk about relativism points out the difficulties related to the Church in a more globalised world. The ecclesial institution is no longer in the heart of the social organization. The Church has to make a way for herself in the midst of a constellation of systems which are, at times, put in competition one with the other. That raises ineluctably a question about the Church. What can one say about Her ? The Bible does not frankly answer the question, except that it offers several metaphors that have been more or less successfully taken by theologians. They constitute as many ecclesial models. These various representations convey a certain image of the Church and what she stands for. No paradigm seems to carry a unanimous vote. However the brotherhood presents more advantages than the others. That is why we consider it to be the best expression of the Church. lt is from this point of view that we have formulated the problematic of our essay on "Brotherhood in Christ: theological bases of ecclesial being and its African incidence". While combining the structural dimension with the brotherly feelings, the theology of the brotherhood surpasses the dead ends linked only with the institution on one hand and the virtues of the other. It goes beyond the limits set by human traditions. Indeed Church-Fraternity is primarily factor of relations. It connects man to God and draws closer people one to another. This doctorate thesis is the deepening of the research I started while I registered for the Master programme. It deals with the criteria for recognition of true ecclesial characters, which is ecclesiality. For some, the Church is a heavy legal machine, without heart and soul that crushes everything in its path. She makes her weight felt. Otherwise she does not manifest any compassion to those who do not comply with her guidelines. This Church seems distant and indifferent to people and their concerns. For others, the Church manifests the ideal of community life between women and men who answered the call of Jesus, have submitted their will to Him and made themselves his disciples. This is the picture one can get from the narrative of the Acts of the Apostles. This Primitive Communism was the specificity of the nascent community of Jerusalem. Instead Jesus directs people to the knowledge of the Father and leads them into a filial relationship. It then clearly appears that people are brought into a changed relationship. This is the dimension of the adoptive filiation by which they are recognized God's children, sisters and brothers in Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, and brother and sister vis à-vis others. This fraternity embraces everyone. Indeed filiation or being a direct descendant of someone establishes henceforth a new relationship in Jesus Christ. This community of sisters and brothers is realized only in the Holy Spirit. The Church, as a Fellowship, differs from any other company, for its social cohesion is based on the Gospel.STRASBOURG-Bib.electronique 064 (674829903) / SudocSudocFranceF

Michael Löwy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Western Imperialism Against Primitive Communism. A New Reading of Rosa Luxemburg’s Economic Writings
    Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, 2012
    Co-Authors: Michael Löwy
    Abstract:

    The discussion on Rosa Luxemburg’s theories of imperialism hasmainly focused on the economic argument - the schemes of reproduction, theprocess of circulation, the need for “external” markets, etc. There is howeveranother dimension, at least as important : the struggle of imperialism againstpre-capitalist economies, the ruthless destruction of “natural” and peasant economies,many of them being forms of Primitive Communism. Luxemburg’sinterest for Primitive communist societies is documented by her Introductionto Political Economy and the imperialist war against them is discussed both inthis work and in the last chapters of The Accumulation of Capital. A whollyoriginal approach to the evolution of social formations, running counter tolinear “progressive” views of bourgeois ideology, is outlined in these reflections. Present indigenous struggles e.g. in Latin America, against multinational oil or mining companies, illustrate the topicality of Rosa Luxemburg’s argument in the 21th century.

  • Zachodni imperializm przeciwko pierwotnemu komunizmowi - nowe odczytanie pism ekonomicznych Róży Luksemburg
    Praktyka Teoretyczna, 2012
    Co-Authors: Michael Löwy
    Abstract:

    The discussion on Rosa Luxemburg’s theories of imperialism has mainly focused on the economic argument - the schemes of reproduction, the process of circulation, the need for “external” markets, etc. There is however another dimension, at least as important : the struggle of imperialism against pre-capitalist economies, the ruthless destruction of “natural” and peasant economies, many of them being forms of Primitive Communism. Luxemburg’s interest for Primitive communist societies is documented by her Introduction to Political Economy and the imperialist war against them is discussed both in this work and in the last chapters of The Accumulation of Capital. A wholly original approach to the evolution of social formations, running counter to linear “progressive” views of bourgeois ideology, is outlined in these reflections. Present indigenous struggles e.g. in Latin America, against multinational oil or mining companies, illustrate the topicality of Rosa Luxemburg’s argument in the 21th century.

Ian Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • African Politics: A Very Short Introduction - 2. Pre-colonial political systems and colonialism
    African Politics: A Very Short Introduction, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ian Taylor
    Abstract:

    Pre-colonial Africa had a wide diversity of politics and government, all related to the type of economic systems practised. Hunter-gatherers practised a form of Primitive Communism, while elsewhere three broad systems may be identified: large centralized kingdoms and empires; centralized mid-sized kingdoms; and widely scattered chiefdoms. ‘Pre-colonial political systems and colonialism’ explains that political and social identities were generally more related to affiliations, such as sharing a common language, than to being an inhabitant of a particular territory. It also outlines the impact of the slave trade, which began in the 15th century, and the different types of late-19th-century colonial rule on the African people and their politics.

Bruce Grant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Missing Links. Indigenous Life and Evolutionary Thought in the History of Russian Ethnography.
    Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 2020
    Co-Authors: Bruce Grant
    Abstract:

    The history of Russian social anthropology has long been best known for the work of three, late nineteenth-century "exile ethnographers," each sent to the Russian Far East for their anti-tsarist activities as students. All three men-Vladimir Bogoraz, Vladimir Iokhel'son, and Lev Shternberg-produced voluminous and celebrated works on Russian far eastern indigenous life, but it was the young Shternberg who had perhaps the most profound effect on setting the agenda for the canonic evolutionist line soon to take hold in late Russian imperial and early Soviet ethnography. This essay draws on archival, library, and field research to revisit the life and work of Shternberg in order to tell the story of "group marriage" that he documented for the life of one Sakhalin Island indigenous people, Gilyaks (or Nivkhgu, Nivkhi). Documented in this way by Shternberg, the Nivkh kinship system proved a crucial "missing link" for Friedrich Engels, who had long been eager to provide evidence of Primitive Communism as man's natural state. For Gilyaks, the die was cast. Their role as the quintessential savages of Engels' favor made them famous in Russian and Soviet ethnographic literature, and significantly enhanced their importance to Soviet government planners. This essay tracks that episode and its aftermaths as a pivotal moment in the history of Russian social anthropology and of evolutionist thought more broadly.

  • The burdens of Primitive Communism
    2000
    Co-Authors: Bruce Grant
    Abstract:

    Gilyaks (Nivkhi, by Russian twentieth century nomenclature) are famous for their indigenism. Like Maasai, Nuer, Trobrianders and Yanomami, they became famous in the ethnographic literature of their country as models for theory, ideology and method - foils for an understanding of the world at large. But such frame brings a price. Relative to their work elsewhere, the Soviet government invested disproportionately extensive resources in programs designed to modernize and re-educate their high profile Gilyak subjects. In this article, I track how 5000 Gilyak fishers and hunters on imperial Russia’s far eastern shores became seen as the early USSR’s “truest proletarians” in the eyes of their most famous anthropologist, Lev Shtemberg. A striking illustration of the fortunes of political ideology, Shtemberg’s life and work illustrates how early Marxist kinship studies took a Pacific people and made them a hallmark of Primitive communist life in the Russian imperial imagination. In turn, Nivkhi of the late 20th century reflect back today on the political burdens of having been among the foremost subjects o f Soviet ethnographic literature.