The Experts below are selected from a list of 63 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ersun N. Kurtulus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Referents of Sovereignty or Discourses of Sovereignty: Referent as Discourse and Discourse as Referent
State Sovereignty, 2005Co-Authors: Ersun N. KurtulusAbstract:The contemporary approach to the concept of “sovereignty” may be characterized as a titanic clash between two extreme methodological positions, which in different ways underpin the skepti-cism about sovereignty. On the one hand, there is the unproblematic employment of the Term in empirical research, where an understanding of its substance is at best attained by operationalizations or operational definitions or at worst simply left to the intuitions or preconceptions of the audience. On the other hand, there is, what a contemporary critic has aptly called, the “indefinability thesis,”1 that is, the overproblematized philosophical treatment of the word as part of a “discourse” or “discursive practice,” where the content of the word is allowed to vary historically from one period to another, to describe in the end, among other things, the functions or the foundations of contemporary scientific discipline(s). The basic assumption of this study is that neither of these approaches is satisfactory in the context of empirical investigations. Sovereignty cannot be regarded as a set of operations or a “Primitive Term,”2 the meaning of which is given beforehand and is not in need of further logical and empirical explication. Nor can the concept be regarded as some sort of a chimera, or a kind of disciplinary tool or premise with specific functions, with no immediate or contingent relation whatsoever to a nonlinguistic or nondiscursive world. In this chapter, a critical assessment of these two broad approaches to the concept of sovereignty will first be undertaken. Then the focus of attention will be shifted to the general outlines of a third way of addressing what is, after all, a methodological issue.
Jack H. Hiller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Space, Time, & Consciousness (Part 10): What is Consciousness?
Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research, 2019Co-Authors: Jack H. HillerAbstract:A brief historical review of the concept of consciousness is provided from the perspectives of philosophy, psychology, and neurology. The weaknesses in traditional analyses of the nature of consciousness are explained, followed by a synthesis of consciousness (with mind and soul) based on the previous eight articles. The 2 nd Domain of consciousness is recognized as the foundation for how the 3 rd Domain of materialism functions. It was concluded that the reality of what consciousness is and how it is known denies any useful ability to define it by reference to objectively observable experience, so it must be regarded as an indefinable, Primitive Term.
Eugeniusz Wojciechowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Zahl-Anzahl Distinction in Gottlob Frege: Arithmetic of Natural Numbers with Anzahl as a Primitive Term
Axioms, 2019Co-Authors: Eugeniusz WojciechowskiAbstract:The starting point is Peano’s expression of the axiomatics of natural numbers in the framework of Leśniewski’s elementary ontology. The author enriches elementary ontology with the so-called Frege’s predication scheme and goes on to propose the formulations of this axiomatic, in which the original natural number (N) Term is replaced by the Term Anzahl (A). The functor of the successor (S) is defined in it.
Giangiacomo Gerla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chapter 18 – Pointless Geometries
Handbook of Incidence Geometry, 1995Co-Authors: Giangiacomo GerlaAbstract:Publisher Summary The focus of this chapter is on pointless geometries. The concept of point is assumed as the main Primitive Term for an axiomatic foundation of geometry. In pointless geometry, regions are considered as individuals, i.e. in the vocabulary of logic, first order objects, while points are represented by classes (or sequences), that is, second order objects. Obviously, expressions like ‘pointless geometry’ or ‘geometry without points' is understood as contractions of ‘geometry without the point as a Primitive concept’. Complete lattices satisfying distributive laws are called frames or locals, if R = (R, ≤) is a frame, the elements of R are called regions and inclusion relation the relation ≤. The frames may be organized into a category FR by suitably defining morphisms. The definition is given in order to obtain a category extending that of topological spaces. If f is a continuous map from a topological space (X, T) into another (X’, T’), it deTermines, via f-1, a map from T’ to T preserving infinite joins and finite meets.
Zbigniew Stachniak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Leśniewski’s Systems Protothetic - Leśniewski's Systems. Protothetic
Nijhoff International Philosophy Series, 1998Co-Authors: Jan T. J. Srzednicki, Zbigniew StachniakAbstract:Editor's Foreword. I. Nominalism in Poland P.M. Simons. II. A Survey of Lesniewski's Logic F.V. Rickey. III. On the Primitive Term of Logistic A. Tarski. IV. An Investigation of Protothetic B. Sobocinski. V. St. Lesniewski's Protothetics J. Slupecki. VI. On the Single Axioms of Protothetic B. Sobocinski. VII. Axiomatic Inscriptional Syntax. Part II: The Syntax of Protothetic F.V. Rickey. VIII. Investigations in Protothetic A. Le Blanc. Protothetic Bibliography.