The Experts below are selected from a list of 2718 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P. James Joyce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Computer vision for LCA foreground modelling—an initial pipeline and proof of concept software, lcopt-cv
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019Co-Authors: P. James JoyceAbstract:PurposeThe majority of LCA studies begin with the drawing of a Process Flow Diagram, which then needs to be translated manually into an LCA model. This study presents an initial image Processing pipeline, implemented in an open-source software package, called lcopt-cv , which can be used to identify the boxes and links in a photograph of a hand-drawn Process Flow Diagram and automatically create an LCA foreground model.MethodsThe computer vision pipeline consists of a total of 15 steps, beginning with loading the image file and conversion to greyscale. The background is equalised, then the foreground of the image is extracted from the background using thresholding. The lines are then dilated and closed to account for drawing errors. Contours in the image are detected and simplified, and rectangles (contours with four corners) are identified from the simplified contours as ‘boxes’. Links between these boxes are identified using a flood-filling technique. Heuristic Processing, based on knowledge of common practice in drawing of Process Flow Diagrams, is then performed to more accurately identify the typology of the identified boxes and the direction of the links between them.Results and discussionThe performance of the image Processing pipeline was tested on four Flow Diagrams of increasing difficulty: one simple computer drawn Diagram and three photographs of hand-drawn Diagrams (a simple Diagram, a complex Diagram and a Diagram with merged lines). A set of default values for the variables which define the pipeline was developed through trial and error. For the two simple Flow charts, all boxes and links were identified using the default settings. The complex Diagram required minor tweaks to the default values to detect all boxes and links. An ‘unstacking’ heuristic allowed the Diagram with merged lines to be correctly Processed. After some manual reclassification of link directions and Process types, the Diagrams were turned into LCA models and exported to open-source LCA software packages ( lcopt and Brightway ) to be verified and analysed.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that it is possible to generate a fully functional LCA model from a picture of a Flow chart. This has potentially important implications not only for LCA practitioners as a whole, but in particular for the teaching of LCA. Skipping the steep learning curve required by most LCA software packages allows teachers to focus on important LCA concepts, while participants maintain the benefits of experiential learning by doing a ‘real’ LCA.
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Computer vision for LCA foreground modelling – an initial pipeline and proof of concept software, lcopt-cv
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2019Co-Authors: P. James JoyceAbstract:PURPOSE: The majority of LCA studies begin with the drawing of a Process Flow Diagram, which then needs to be translated manually into an LCA model. This study presents an initial image Processing pipeline, implemented in an open-source software package, called lcopt-cv, which can be used to identify the boxes and links in a photograph of a hand-drawn Process Flow Diagram and automatically create an LCA foreground model. METHODS: The computer vision pipeline consists of a total of 15 steps, beginning with loading the image file and conversion to greyscale. The background is equalised, then the foreground of the image is extracted from the background using thresholding. The lines are then dilated and closed to account for drawing errors. Contours in the image are detected and simplified, and rectangles (contours with four corners) are identified from the simplified contours as ‘boxes’. Links between these boxes are identified using a flood-filling technique. Heuristic Processing, based on knowledge of common practice in drawing of Process Flow Diagrams, is then performed to more accurately identify the typology of the identified boxes and the direction of the links between them. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The performance of the image Processing pipeline was tested on four Flow Diagrams of increasing difficulty: one simple computer drawn Diagram and three photographs of hand-drawn Diagrams (a simple Diagram, a complex Diagram and a Diagram with merged lines). A set of default values for the variables which define the pipeline was developed through trial and error. For the two simple Flow charts, all boxes and links were identified using the default settings. The complex Diagram required minor tweaks to the default values to detect all boxes and links. An ‘unstacking’ heuristic allowed the Diagram with merged lines to be correctly Processed. After some manual reclassification of link directions and Process types, the Diagrams were turned into LCA models and exported to open-source LCA software packages (lcopt and Brightway) to be verified and analysed. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that it is possible to generate a fully functional LCA model from a picture of a Flow chart. This has potentially important implications not only for LCA practitioners as a whole, but in particular for the teaching of LCA. Skipping the steep learning curve required by most LCA software packages allows teachers to focus on important LCA concepts, while participants maintain the benefits of experiential learning by doing a ‘real’ LCA.
Pablo Giunta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an auto sustainable solid oxide fuel cell system fueled by bio ethanol Process simulation and heat exchanger network synthesis
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Luis E Arteagaperez, Yannay Casas, Luis M Peralta, Viatshelav Kafarov, Jo Dewulf, Pablo GiuntaAbstract:In this paper the simulation and heat integration of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) integrated with an ethanol steam reforming system are carried out. The ethanol reaction is studied using a novel kinetic model reported in a previous work. The system and fuel cell efficiencies are studied under different Process conditions, temperature (723 < T < 873 K), water to ethanol molar ratio (3 < RAE < 6) and fuel utilization coefficient (0.7 < FUC < 0.9). The SOFC off gases are mixed and fed to an after burner providing heat to the Process. Two heat exchanger networks are designed considering the influence of the fuel utilization coefficient (0.7–0.9) at the cell electrodes. If the SOFC is operated at FUC < 0.8 a self sufficient limit could be established, otherwise extra ethanol must be combusted with an overall efficiency penalty. A Process Flow Diagram is proposed in order to obtain a high efficiency and to avoid the use of any external source of energy.
Graham Alabaster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative analysis of solid waste management in 20 cities
Waste Management & Research, 2012Co-Authors: D. C. Wilson, Ljiljana Rodic, Anne Scheinberg, Costas A Velis, Graham AlabasterAbstract:This paper uses the ‘lens’ of integrated and sustainable waste management (ISWM) to analyse the new data set compiled on 20 cities in six continents for the UN-Habitat flagship publication Solid Waste Management in the World’s Cities. The comparative analysis looks first at waste generation rates and waste composition data. A Process Flow Diagram is prepared for each city, as a powerful tool for representing the solid waste system as a whole in a comprehensive but concise way. Benchmark indicators are presented and compared for the three key physical components/drivers: public health and collection; environment and disposal; and resource recovery – and for three governance strategies required to deliver a well-functioning ISWM system: inclusivity; financial sustainability; and sound institutions and pro-active policies. Key insights include the variety and diversity of successful models – there is no ‘one size fits all’; the necessity of good, reliable data; the importance of focusing on governance as wel...
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Comparative analysis of solid waste management in 20 cities
Waste Management & Research, 2012Co-Authors: D. C. Wilson, Ljiljana Rodic, Anne Scheinberg, Costas A Velis, Graham AlabasterAbstract:This paper uses the 'lens' of integrated and sustainable waste management (ISWM) to analyse the new data set compiled on 20 cities in six continents for the UN-Habitat flagship publication Solid Waste Management in the World's Cities. The comparative analysis looks first at waste generation rates and waste composition data. A Process Flow Diagram is prepared for each city, as a powerful tool for representing the solid waste system as a whole in a comprehensive but concise way. Benchmark indicators are presented and compared for the three key physical components/drivers: public health and collection; environment and disposal; and resource recovery - and for three governance strategies required to deliver a well-functioning ISWM system: inclusivity; financial sustainability; and sound institutions and pro-active policies. Key insights include the variety and diversity of successful models - there is no 'one size fits all'; the necessity of good, reliable data; the importance of focusing on governance as well as technology; and the need to build on the existing strengths of the city. An example of the latter is the critical role of the informal sector in the cities in many developing countries: it not only delivers recycling rates that are comparable with modern Western systems, but also saves the city authorities millions of dollars in avoided waste collection and disposal costs. This provides the opportunity for win-win solutions, so long as the related wider challenges can be addressed.
Luis E Arteagaperez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an auto sustainable solid oxide fuel cell system fueled by bio ethanol Process simulation and heat exchanger network synthesis
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Luis E Arteagaperez, Yannay Casas, Luis M Peralta, Viatshelav Kafarov, Jo Dewulf, Pablo GiuntaAbstract:In this paper the simulation and heat integration of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) integrated with an ethanol steam reforming system are carried out. The ethanol reaction is studied using a novel kinetic model reported in a previous work. The system and fuel cell efficiencies are studied under different Process conditions, temperature (723 < T < 873 K), water to ethanol molar ratio (3 < RAE < 6) and fuel utilization coefficient (0.7 < FUC < 0.9). The SOFC off gases are mixed and fed to an after burner providing heat to the Process. Two heat exchanger networks are designed considering the influence of the fuel utilization coefficient (0.7–0.9) at the cell electrodes. If the SOFC is operated at FUC < 0.8 a self sufficient limit could be established, otherwise extra ethanol must be combusted with an overall efficiency penalty. A Process Flow Diagram is proposed in order to obtain a high efficiency and to avoid the use of any external source of energy.
Zhang Qion - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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VC++ Language development and utilization of a Process Flow Diagram costume design software
Electronic Design Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Zhang QionAbstract:Objective To investigate based on VC ++ Language development Process Flow Diagram costume design software development. Methods VC ++ programming, the establishment of a Process Flow Diagram costume design module, making clothing Process Flow sheet in Excel, according to specific requirements, import parts or clothing styles of the Process Flow sheet in a Process Flow Diagram design software, software identification, read and judge Process Flow sheet for the costume design Process Flow chart quickly. The results of this software makes the Process Flow garment production efficiency of 30.0%,40.0% shorten design cycles. Conclusion The Process Flow Diagram VC ++ fashion design software is simple and convenient advantage, and should have a good effect, has put a lot of business practice.
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vc language development and utilization of a Process Flow Diagram costume design software
Electronic Design Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Zhang QionAbstract:Objective To investigate based on VC ++ Language development Process Flow Diagram costume design software development. Methods VC ++ programming, the establishment of a Process Flow Diagram costume design module, making clothing Process Flow sheet in Excel, according to specific requirements, import parts or clothing styles of the Process Flow sheet in a Process Flow Diagram design software, software identification, read and judge Process Flow sheet for the costume design Process Flow chart quickly. The results of this software makes the Process Flow garment production efficiency of 30.0%,40.0% shorten design cycles. Conclusion The Process Flow Diagram VC ++ fashion design software is simple and convenient advantage, and should have a good effect, has put a lot of business practice.