The Experts below are selected from a list of 216 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bernd Lorenz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The repeatability and reproducibility of the BioRID IIg in a repeatable laboratory seat based on a Production Car seat.
Traffic injury prevention, 2020Co-Authors: David Hynd, Paul Depinet, Bernd LorenzAbstract:The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Informal Group on GTR No. 7 Phase 2 are working to define a build level for the BioRID II rear impact (whiplash) crash test dummy that ensures repeatable and reproducible performance in a test procedure that has been proposed for future legislation. This includes the specification of dummy hardware, as well as the development of comprehensive certification procedures for the dummy. This study evaluated whether the dummy build level and certification procedures deliver the desired level of repeatability and reproducibility. A custom-designed laboratory seat was made using the seat base, back, and head restraint from a Production Car seat to ensure a representative interface with the dummy. The seat back was reinforced for use in multiple tests and the recliner mechanism was replaced by an external spring-damper mechanism. A total of 65 tests were performed with 6 BioRID IIg dummies using the draft GTR No.7 sled pulse and seating procedure. All dummies were subject to the build, maintenance, and certification procedures defined by the Informal Group. The test condition was highly repeatable, with a very repeatable pulse, a well-controlled seat back response, and minimal observed degradation of seat foams. The results showed qualitatively reasonable repeatability and reproducibility for the upper torso and head accelerations, as well as for T1 Fx and upper neck Fx . However, reproducibility was not acceptable for T1 and upper neck Fz or for T1 and upper neck My . The Informal Group has not selected injury or seat assessment criteria for use with BioRID II, so it is not known whether these channels would be used in the regulation. However, the ramping-up behavior of the dummy showed poor reproducibility, which would be expected to affect the reproducibility of dummy measurements in general. Pelvis and spine characteristics were found to significantly influence the dummy measurements for which poor reproducibility was observed. It was also observed that the primary neck response in these tests was flexion, not extension. This correlates well with recent findings from Japan and the United States showing a correlation between neck flexion and injury in accident replication simulations and postmortem human subjects (PMHS) studies, respectively. The present certification tests may not adequately control front cervical spine bumper characteristics, which are important for neck flexion response. The certification sled test also does not include the pelvis and so cannot be used to control pelvis response and does not substantially load the lumbar bumpers and so does not control these parts of the dummy. The stiffness of all spine bumpers and of the pelvis flesh should be much more tightly controlled. It is recommended that a method for certifying the front cervical bumpers should be developed. Recommendations are also made for tighter tolerance on the input parameters for the existing certification tests.
-
The repeatability and reproducibility of the BioRID IIg in a repeatable laboratory seat based on a Production Car seat.
Traffic Injury Prevention, 2013Co-Authors: David Hynd, Paul Depinet, Bernd LorenzAbstract:Objective: The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Informal Group on GTR No. 7 Phase 2 are working to define a build level for the BioRID II rear impact (whiplash) crash test dummy that ensures repeatable and reproducible performance in a test procedure that has been proposed for future legislation. This includes the specification of dummy hardware, as well as the development of comprehensive certification procedures for the dummy. This study evaluated whether the dummy build level and certification procedures deliver the desired level of repeatability and reproducibility. Methods: A custom-designed laboratory seat was made using the seat base, back, and head restraint from a Production Car seat to ensure a representative interface with the dummy. The seat back was reinforced for use in multiple tests and the recliner mechanism was replaced by an external spring–damper mechanism. A total of 65 tests were performed with 6 BioRID IIg dummies using the draft GTR No.7 sled pulse and seating procedur...
C.-d. Hamann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Data fusion for precise dead-reckoning of passenger Cars
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016Co-Authors: M. Kochem, C.-d. Hamann, N. Wagner, Rolf IsermannAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the possibility of computing the actual position of a passenger Car based on different independent internal signals available in a Production Car. A new front wheel based dead reckoning approach is compared to a model based approach as well as to an Extended Kalman Filter. Depending on the method the input signals are the wheel revolutions of the front wheels, the steering angle and the yaw rate. Experimental results show the quality of all three algorithms compared to position data obtained by a DGPS system and also to the well known rear wheel based dead reckoning approach.
-
Accurate local vehicle dead-reckoning for a parking assistance system
Proceedings of the 2002 American Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.CH37301), 2002Co-Authors: M. Kochem, Rolf Isermann, N. Wagner, R. Neddenriep, C.-d. HamannAbstract:Investigates the possibility of computing position estimates for passenger Cars based only on signals available in a Production Car. Two new dead reckoning approaches are compared to the well known rear axle based algorithm. One method combines the wheel revolution data calculated on the basis of raw ABS-signal measurements with the steering angle measurement. The other model based algorithm computes the position estimates using velocity and also steering angle measurement. For this approach the well known tricycle model has been extended by an object-oriented front axle model. Both newly proposed methods perform superior to the simple rear axle based algorithm and provide position data precise enough for control purposes. This was shown by experiments using a real Car in connection with a real-time signal processing environment.
Christoph Stiller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Ego-lane estimation for lane-level navigation in urban scenarios
2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2016Co-Authors: Johannes Rabe, Marc Necker, Christoph StillerAbstract:Future lane-precise navigation systems will recommend lane changes to drivers if needed. To achieve this, robust lane-level localization on a navigable map is essential. We propose an ego-lane estimation algorithm to robustly determine the ego-lane in urban scenarios based on a particle filter approach. The method only requires sensors available in a current Production Car, i.e. visual lane-marking detection, radar, and GPS, and a digital map describing road geometry and topology. Extensive experimental validation has shown an error rate of less than 0.75% with an availability of 95% of the total time and below 0.4% at 96% availability in situations most relevant for navigation. The influence of the used sensors has been evaluated.
-
Intelligent Vehicles Symposium - Ego-lane estimation for lane-level navigation in urban scenarios
2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2016Co-Authors: Johannes Rabe, Marc Necker, Christoph StillerAbstract:Future lane-precise navigation systems will recommend lane changes to drivers if needed. To achieve this, robust lane-level localization on a navigable map is essential. We propose an ego-lane estimation algorithm to robustly determine the ego-lane in urban scenarios based on a particle filter approach. The method only requires sensors available in a current Production Car, i.e. visual lane-marking detection, radar, and GPS, and a digital map describing road geometry and topology. Extensive experimental validation has shown an error rate of less than 0.75% with an availability of 95% of the total time and below 0.4% at 96% availability in situations most relevant for navigation. The influence of the used sensors has been evaluated.
M. Kochem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Data fusion for precise dead-reckoning of passenger Cars
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016Co-Authors: M. Kochem, C.-d. Hamann, N. Wagner, Rolf IsermannAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the possibility of computing the actual position of a passenger Car based on different independent internal signals available in a Production Car. A new front wheel based dead reckoning approach is compared to a model based approach as well as to an Extended Kalman Filter. Depending on the method the input signals are the wheel revolutions of the front wheels, the steering angle and the yaw rate. Experimental results show the quality of all three algorithms compared to position data obtained by a DGPS system and also to the well known rear wheel based dead reckoning approach.
-
Accurate local vehicle dead-reckoning for a parking assistance system
Proceedings of the 2002 American Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.CH37301), 2002Co-Authors: M. Kochem, Rolf Isermann, N. Wagner, R. Neddenriep, C.-d. HamannAbstract:Investigates the possibility of computing position estimates for passenger Cars based only on signals available in a Production Car. Two new dead reckoning approaches are compared to the well known rear axle based algorithm. One method combines the wheel revolution data calculated on the basis of raw ABS-signal measurements with the steering angle measurement. The other model based algorithm computes the position estimates using velocity and also steering angle measurement. For this approach the well known tricycle model has been extended by an object-oriented front axle model. Both newly proposed methods perform superior to the simple rear axle based algorithm and provide position data precise enough for control purposes. This was shown by experiments using a real Car in connection with a real-time signal processing environment.
David Hynd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The repeatability and reproducibility of the BioRID IIg in a repeatable laboratory seat based on a Production Car seat.
Traffic injury prevention, 2020Co-Authors: David Hynd, Paul Depinet, Bernd LorenzAbstract:The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Informal Group on GTR No. 7 Phase 2 are working to define a build level for the BioRID II rear impact (whiplash) crash test dummy that ensures repeatable and reproducible performance in a test procedure that has been proposed for future legislation. This includes the specification of dummy hardware, as well as the development of comprehensive certification procedures for the dummy. This study evaluated whether the dummy build level and certification procedures deliver the desired level of repeatability and reproducibility. A custom-designed laboratory seat was made using the seat base, back, and head restraint from a Production Car seat to ensure a representative interface with the dummy. The seat back was reinforced for use in multiple tests and the recliner mechanism was replaced by an external spring-damper mechanism. A total of 65 tests were performed with 6 BioRID IIg dummies using the draft GTR No.7 sled pulse and seating procedure. All dummies were subject to the build, maintenance, and certification procedures defined by the Informal Group. The test condition was highly repeatable, with a very repeatable pulse, a well-controlled seat back response, and minimal observed degradation of seat foams. The results showed qualitatively reasonable repeatability and reproducibility for the upper torso and head accelerations, as well as for T1 Fx and upper neck Fx . However, reproducibility was not acceptable for T1 and upper neck Fz or for T1 and upper neck My . The Informal Group has not selected injury or seat assessment criteria for use with BioRID II, so it is not known whether these channels would be used in the regulation. However, the ramping-up behavior of the dummy showed poor reproducibility, which would be expected to affect the reproducibility of dummy measurements in general. Pelvis and spine characteristics were found to significantly influence the dummy measurements for which poor reproducibility was observed. It was also observed that the primary neck response in these tests was flexion, not extension. This correlates well with recent findings from Japan and the United States showing a correlation between neck flexion and injury in accident replication simulations and postmortem human subjects (PMHS) studies, respectively. The present certification tests may not adequately control front cervical spine bumper characteristics, which are important for neck flexion response. The certification sled test also does not include the pelvis and so cannot be used to control pelvis response and does not substantially load the lumbar bumpers and so does not control these parts of the dummy. The stiffness of all spine bumpers and of the pelvis flesh should be much more tightly controlled. It is recommended that a method for certifying the front cervical bumpers should be developed. Recommendations are also made for tighter tolerance on the input parameters for the existing certification tests.
-
The repeatability and reproducibility of the BioRID IIg in a repeatable laboratory seat based on a Production Car seat.
Traffic Injury Prevention, 2013Co-Authors: David Hynd, Paul Depinet, Bernd LorenzAbstract:Objective: The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Informal Group on GTR No. 7 Phase 2 are working to define a build level for the BioRID II rear impact (whiplash) crash test dummy that ensures repeatable and reproducible performance in a test procedure that has been proposed for future legislation. This includes the specification of dummy hardware, as well as the development of comprehensive certification procedures for the dummy. This study evaluated whether the dummy build level and certification procedures deliver the desired level of repeatability and reproducibility. Methods: A custom-designed laboratory seat was made using the seat base, back, and head restraint from a Production Car seat to ensure a representative interface with the dummy. The seat back was reinforced for use in multiple tests and the recliner mechanism was replaced by an external spring–damper mechanism. A total of 65 tests were performed with 6 BioRID IIg dummies using the draft GTR No.7 sled pulse and seating procedur...
