The Experts below are selected from a list of 575349 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Frank Hettich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth effects of a revenue neutral environmental tax reform
Journal of Economics, 1998Co-Authors: Frank HettichAbstract:This paper analyzes tax-policy measures within a two-sector endogenously-growing economy with elastic labor supply. Pollution is either modeled as a side product of physical capital used as a Production Factor in the final-good sector or as a side product of Production. The framework allows us to analyze the consequences of isolated tax changes or of a revenue-neutral environmental tax reform for economic growth. Although pollution does not directly affect Production processes, it can be shown that a higher pollution tax as well as a revenue-neutral environmental tax reform boost economic growth, whereas a tax on capital, consumption, or labor reduces the long-term growth rate of the economy.
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growth effects of a revenue neutral environmental tax reform
1997Co-Authors: Frank HettichAbstract:This paper analyses tax policy measures within a two sector endogenously growing economy with elastic labour supply. Pollution is modelled as a side product of physical capital stock used as a primary Production Factor in the final good sector. The framework allows to analyse consequences of isolated tax changes or of a revenue neutral environmental tax reform for economic growth. Although pollution does not affect directly Production processes, it can be shown that a higher pollution tax or a revenue neutral environmental tax reform boosts economic growth, whereas a tax on capital, consumption or labour reduces the long term growth rate of the economy.
Wolfgang Karl Hardle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation and determinants of chinese banks total Factor efficiency a new vision based on unbalanced development of chinese banks and their overall risk
Computational Statistics, 2020Co-Authors: Shiyi Che, Wolfgang Karl Hardle, Li WangAbstract:The development of shadow banking system in China catalyzes the expansion of banks’ off-balance-sheet activities, resulting in a distortion of China’s traditional credit expansion and underestimation of its commercial banks’ overall risk. This paper is the first to incorporate banks’ overall risk, endogenously into bank’s Production process as undesirable by-product for the estimation of banks’ total Factor efficiency (TFE) as well as TFE of each Production Factor. A unique data sample of 171 Chinese commercial banks, which is the largest data sample concerning with Chinese banking efficiency issues until now as far as we know, making our results more convincing and meaningful. Our results show that, compared with a model incorporated with banks’ overall risk, a model considering on-balance-sheet lending activities only may over-estimate the overall average TFE and under-estimate TFE volatility as a whole. Higher overall risk taking of banks tends to decrease bank TFE through ‘diverting effect’. However, significant heterogeneities of bank integrated TFE (TFIE) and TFE of each Production Factor exist among banks of different types or located in different regions, as a result of still prominent unbalanced development of Chinese commercial banks today. Based on newly estimated TFIE, the paper also investigates the determinants of bank efficiency, and finds that a model with risk-weighted assets as undesirable outputs can better capture the impact of shadow banking involvement.
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estimation and determinants of chinese banks total Factor efficiency a new vision based on unbalanced development of chinese banks and their overall risk
Computational Statistics, 2020Co-Authors: Shiyi Chen, Wolfgang Karl Hardle, Li WangAbstract:The development of shadow banking system in China catalyzes the expansion of banks’ off-balance-sheet activities, resulting in a distortion of China’s traditional credit expansion and underestimation of its commercial banks’ overall risk. This paper is the first to incorporate banks’ overall risk, endogenously into bank’s Production process as undesirable by-product for the estimation of banks’ total Factor efficiency (TFE) as well as TFE of each Production Factor. A unique data sample of 171 Chinese commercial banks, which is the largest data sample concerning with Chinese banking efficiency issues until now as far as we know, making our results more convincing and meaningful. Our results show that, compared with a model incorporated with banks’ overall risk, a model considering on-balance-sheet lending activities only may over-estimate the overall average TFE and under-estimate TFE volatility as a whole. Higher overall risk taking of banks tends to decrease bank TFE through ‘diverting effect’. However, significant heterogeneities of bank integrated TFE (TFIE) and TFE of each Production Factor exist among banks of different types or located in different regions, as a result of still prominent unbalanced development of Chinese commercial banks today. Based on newly estimated TFIE, the paper also investigates the determinants of bank efficiency, and finds that a model with risk-weighted assets as undesirable outputs can better capture the impact of shadow banking involvement.
Li Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation and determinants of chinese banks total Factor efficiency a new vision based on unbalanced development of chinese banks and their overall risk
Computational Statistics, 2020Co-Authors: Shiyi Che, Wolfgang Karl Hardle, Li WangAbstract:The development of shadow banking system in China catalyzes the expansion of banks’ off-balance-sheet activities, resulting in a distortion of China’s traditional credit expansion and underestimation of its commercial banks’ overall risk. This paper is the first to incorporate banks’ overall risk, endogenously into bank’s Production process as undesirable by-product for the estimation of banks’ total Factor efficiency (TFE) as well as TFE of each Production Factor. A unique data sample of 171 Chinese commercial banks, which is the largest data sample concerning with Chinese banking efficiency issues until now as far as we know, making our results more convincing and meaningful. Our results show that, compared with a model incorporated with banks’ overall risk, a model considering on-balance-sheet lending activities only may over-estimate the overall average TFE and under-estimate TFE volatility as a whole. Higher overall risk taking of banks tends to decrease bank TFE through ‘diverting effect’. However, significant heterogeneities of bank integrated TFE (TFIE) and TFE of each Production Factor exist among banks of different types or located in different regions, as a result of still prominent unbalanced development of Chinese commercial banks today. Based on newly estimated TFIE, the paper also investigates the determinants of bank efficiency, and finds that a model with risk-weighted assets as undesirable outputs can better capture the impact of shadow banking involvement.
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estimation and determinants of chinese banks total Factor efficiency a new vision based on unbalanced development of chinese banks and their overall risk
Computational Statistics, 2020Co-Authors: Shiyi Chen, Wolfgang Karl Hardle, Li WangAbstract:The development of shadow banking system in China catalyzes the expansion of banks’ off-balance-sheet activities, resulting in a distortion of China’s traditional credit expansion and underestimation of its commercial banks’ overall risk. This paper is the first to incorporate banks’ overall risk, endogenously into bank’s Production process as undesirable by-product for the estimation of banks’ total Factor efficiency (TFE) as well as TFE of each Production Factor. A unique data sample of 171 Chinese commercial banks, which is the largest data sample concerning with Chinese banking efficiency issues until now as far as we know, making our results more convincing and meaningful. Our results show that, compared with a model incorporated with banks’ overall risk, a model considering on-balance-sheet lending activities only may over-estimate the overall average TFE and under-estimate TFE volatility as a whole. Higher overall risk taking of banks tends to decrease bank TFE through ‘diverting effect’. However, significant heterogeneities of bank integrated TFE (TFIE) and TFE of each Production Factor exist among banks of different types or located in different regions, as a result of still prominent unbalanced development of Chinese commercial banks today. Based on newly estimated TFIE, the paper also investigates the determinants of bank efficiency, and finds that a model with risk-weighted assets as undesirable outputs can better capture the impact of shadow banking involvement.
Annette Prochnow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CUDe—Carbon Utilization Degree as an Indicator for Sustainable Biomass Use
Sustainability, 2016Co-Authors: Anja Hansen, Jörn Budde, Yusuf Nadi Karatay, Annette ProchnowAbstract:Carbon (C) is a central element in organic compounds and is an indispensable resource for life. It is also an essential Production Factor in bio-based economies, where biomass serves many purposes, including energy generation and material Production. Biomass conversion is a common case of transformation between different carbon-containing compounds. At each transformation step, C might be lost. To optimize the C use, the C flows from raw materials to end products must be understood. The estimation of how much of the initial C in the feedstock remains in consumable products and delivers services provides an indication of the C use efficiency. We define this concept as Carbon Utilization Degree (CUDe) and apply it to two biomass uses: biogas Production and hemp insulation. CUDe increases when conversion processes are optimized, i.e., residues are harnessed and/or losses are minimized. We propose CUDe as a complementary approach for policy design to assess C as an asset for bio-based Production. This may lead to a paradigm shift to see C as a resource that requires sustainable exploitation. It could complement the existing methods that focus solely on the climate impact of carbon.
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cude carbon utilization degree as an indicator for sustainable biomass use
Sustainability, 2016Co-Authors: Anja Hansen, Jörn Budde, Yusuf Nadi Karatay, Annette ProchnowAbstract:Carbon (C) is a central element in organic compounds and is an indispensable resource for life. It is also an essential Production Factor in bio-based economies, where biomass serves many purposes, including energy generation and material Production. Biomass conversion is a common case of transformation between different carbon-containing compounds. At each transformation step, C might be lost. To optimize the C use, the C flows from raw materials to end products must be understood. The estimation of how much of the initial C in the feedstock remains in consumable products and delivers services provides an indication of the C use efficiency. We define this concept as Carbon Utilization Degree (CUDe) and apply it to two biomass uses: biogas Production and hemp insulation. CUDe increases when conversion processes are optimized, i.e., residues are harnessed and/or losses are minimized. We propose CUDe as a complementary approach for policy design to assess C as an asset for bio-based Production. This may lead to a paradigm shift to see C as a resource that requires sustainable exploitation. It could complement the existing methods that focus solely on the climate impact of carbon.
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CUDe —Carbon Utilization Degree as an Indicator for Sustainable Biomass Use
2024Co-Authors: Anja Hansen, Jörn Budde, Yusuf Nadi Karatay, Annette ProchnowAbstract:Carbon (C) is a central element in organic compounds and is an indispensable resource for life. It is also an essential Production Factor in bio-based economies, where biomass serves many purposes, including energy generation and material Production. Biomass conversion is a common case of transformation between different carbon-containing compounds. At each transformation step, C might be lost. To optimize the C use, the C flows from raw materials to end products must be understood. The estimation of how much of the initial C in the feedstock remains in consumable products and delivers services provides an indication of the C use efficiency. We define this concept as Carbon Utilization Degree ( CUDe ) and apply it to two biomass uses: biogas Production and hemp insulation. CUDe increases when conversion processes are optimized, i.e., residues are harnessed and/or losses are minimized. We propose CUDe as a complementary approach for policy design to assess C as an asset for bio-based Production. This may lead to a paradigm shift to see C as a resource that requires sustainable exploitation. It could complement the existing methods that focus solely on the climate impact of carbon.bio-economy; bioenergy; biogas; biomass; carbon efficiency; climate change; natural fibers; policy decision support; productivity; transformatio
G N Tiwari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy matrices of u shaped evacuated tubular collector etc integrated with compound parabolic concentrator cpc
Solar Energy, 2017Co-Authors: R K Mishra, Vihang Garg, G N TiwariAbstract:Abstract This paper deals with the detailed thermal modeling of U-shaped evacuated tubular collector (ETC) integrated with compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). Such type of system is very useful in the preheating process for very high temperature industrial applications. The theoretical model have also been experimentally validated. The energy matrices like Energy pay back time (EPBT), Energy Production Factor (EPF) and Life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) for evacuated tubular collectors connected in series without and with concentrator have been evaluated and compared in this paper. For six number of collectors connected in series, the maximum difference water temperature between inlet and outlet in ETC-CPC combination is found to be 24 °C, whereas it is about 17 °C in ETC without CPC. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental results has been observed. The annual thermal energy gain is found to be 1461.63 kW h and 1859.66 kW h for ETC and ETC-CPC system, respectively. The annual exergy gain is found to be 137.5 kW h and 165.9 kW h for ETC and ETC-CPC system, respectively. EPBT is increased by 6.2% and 11.6% and EPF is decreased by 5.7% and 25% on energy and exergy basis respectively for 20 years life of the system when CPC is integrated with ETC.
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energy matrices evaluation and exergoeconomic analysis of series connected n partially covered glass to glass pv module concentrated photovoltaic thermal collector at constant flow rate mode
Energy Conversion and Management, 2017Co-Authors: Rohit Tripathi, G N Tiwari, V K DwivediAbstract:Abstract In present analysis, a comparative study has been carried out to evaluate the annual performances of three systems or cases at constant flow rate, namely: case (i): partially covered (25% PV module) N concentrated photovoltaic thermal collectors connected in series, case (ii): fully covered (100% PV module) N concentrated photovoltaic thermal collectors in series and case (iii): N (0% PV module) convectional compound parabolic concentrator collector connected in series. Comparison for three cases has also been carried out by considering fluid namely: ethylene glycol for higher outlet temperature and better thermal performance which can be applicable for heating and steaming or small industry purpose. The embodied energy, energy matrices, uniform annual cost, exergetic cost and carbon credits are also evaluated for same systems. The energy payback time is found to be 5.58 years and energy Production Factor is to be 0.17 on energy basis for case (iii) which is maximum. The exergetic cost has computed as 17.85 Rs/kW h for 30 years of life time of the system. It is observed that N conventional compound parabolic concentrator collector [case (iii)] is most suitable for steam cooking or space heating but not self-sustainable to run the dc power motor due to unavailability of electrical power.
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energy matrices enviroeconomic and exergoeconomic analysis of passive double slope solar still with water based nanofluids
Desalination, 2017Co-Authors: Lovedeep Sahota, G N TiwariAbstract:Abstract Nanofluids are the new generation of ultrafast heat transfer fluids due to their exceptional thermo-physical and optical properties and attracted attention of the researchers worldwide in recent times. Worldwide, research is underway to utilize the advances of nanotechnology for potable water Production. In the present communication, the energy matrices, enviroeconomic analysis, and exergoeconomic analysis of passive double slope solar still (DSSS) has been carried out incorporating Al2O3, TiO2 and CuO-water based nanofluids. Significant enhancement in the annual productivity (Al2O3 19.10%; TiO2 10.38%; and CuO 5.25%), energy (Al2O3 26.76%; TiO2 19.36%; and CuO 12.96%), and exergy (Al2O3 37.77%; TiO2 25.55%; and CuO 11.99%) of passive DSSS system with nanofluids has been observed in comparison to the still with basefluid (water) only. On the basis of energy and exergy, the energy payback time (EPBT), energy Production Factor (EPF), life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE), environmental cost and exergoeconomic parameter has been estimated for different interest rates (i = 4%, 8%, and 10%) and life span (maximum 50 years) of the passive DSSS loaded with proposed three different water based nanofluids.
