The Experts below are selected from a list of 18168 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ludwig Theuvsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impacts of biogas Production on the Production Factors land and labour current effects possible consequences and further research needs
International Journal on Food System Dynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Carsten H Emmann, Welf Guentherlubbers, Ludwig TheuvsenAbstract:Among the members of the European Union (EU), Germany has the largest biogas produc-tion from agricultural sources. However, many other EU member states are creating the necessary conditions for rapid growth in this area. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), which sets payments over a long time period for electricity supplied from renewa-ble sources, often serves as a benchmark. However, the continuing biogas boom has also led to criticism of the EEG in Germany. Opponents of biogas Production point to the rising cost of leasing land, changes in the agricultural structure due to maize monoculture, increased competition with other agricultural branches (e.g., livestock husbandry) and the crowding out of classical food Production. This paper examines the validity of these points of criticism. To this end, a written survey (n = 246) of farmers in six selected rural districts in the German state of Lower Saxony was carried out in 2010 and 2011. OLS regressions conducted on the data from these farmers showed that biogas Production has led to a substantial increase in land lease prices for cropland. Furthermore, approximately 20% of the respondents report complete crowding out of established agricultural Production forms, resulting in a decrease in the resource basis for downstream animal and plant processing industries. The results also indicate that, in extreme cases, such crowding out might even reduce the availability of em-ployment in rural areas. In closing, the paper highlights further research needs in order to provide comprehensive information (for every German state, the entire country of Germany and other EU member states) regarding the effects of biogas Production on net employment, infrastructure and added value.
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Impacts of Biogas Production on the Production Factors Land and Labour – Current Effects , Possible Consequences and Further Research Needs
International Journal of Food System Dynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Carsten H Emmann, Welf Guenther-luebbers, Ludwig TheuvsenAbstract:Among the members of the European Union (EU), Germany has the largest biogas produc-tion from agricultural sources. However, many other EU member states are creating the necessary conditions for rapid growth in this area. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), which sets payments over a long time period for electricity supplied from renewa-ble sources, often serves as a benchmark. However, the continuing biogas boom has also led to criticism of the EEG in Germany. Opponents of biogas Production point to the rising cost of leasing land, changes in the agricultural structure due to maize monoculture, increased competition with other agricultural branches (e.g., livestock husbandry) and the crowding out of classical food Production. This paper examines the validity of these points of criticism. To this end, a written survey (n = 246) of farmers in six selected rural districts in the German state of Lower Saxony was carried out in 2010 and 2011. OLS regressions conducted on the data from these farmers showed that biogas Production has led to a substantial increase in land lease prices for cropland. Furthermore, approximately 20% of the respondents report complete crowding out of established agricultural Production forms, resulting in a decrease in the resource basis for downstream animal and plant processing industries. The results also indicate that, in extreme cases, such crowding out might even reduce the availability of em-ployment in rural areas. In closing, the paper highlights further research needs in order to provide comprehensive information (for every German state, the entire country of Germany and other EU member states) regarding the effects of biogas Production on net employment, infrastructure and added value.
Carsten H Emmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impacts of biogas Production on the Production Factors land and labour current effects possible consequences and further research needs
International Journal on Food System Dynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Carsten H Emmann, Welf Guentherlubbers, Ludwig TheuvsenAbstract:Among the members of the European Union (EU), Germany has the largest biogas produc-tion from agricultural sources. However, many other EU member states are creating the necessary conditions for rapid growth in this area. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), which sets payments over a long time period for electricity supplied from renewa-ble sources, often serves as a benchmark. However, the continuing biogas boom has also led to criticism of the EEG in Germany. Opponents of biogas Production point to the rising cost of leasing land, changes in the agricultural structure due to maize monoculture, increased competition with other agricultural branches (e.g., livestock husbandry) and the crowding out of classical food Production. This paper examines the validity of these points of criticism. To this end, a written survey (n = 246) of farmers in six selected rural districts in the German state of Lower Saxony was carried out in 2010 and 2011. OLS regressions conducted on the data from these farmers showed that biogas Production has led to a substantial increase in land lease prices for cropland. Furthermore, approximately 20% of the respondents report complete crowding out of established agricultural Production forms, resulting in a decrease in the resource basis for downstream animal and plant processing industries. The results also indicate that, in extreme cases, such crowding out might even reduce the availability of em-ployment in rural areas. In closing, the paper highlights further research needs in order to provide comprehensive information (for every German state, the entire country of Germany and other EU member states) regarding the effects of biogas Production on net employment, infrastructure and added value.
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Impacts of Biogas Production on the Production Factors Land and Labour – Current Effects , Possible Consequences and Further Research Needs
International Journal of Food System Dynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Carsten H Emmann, Welf Guenther-luebbers, Ludwig TheuvsenAbstract:Among the members of the European Union (EU), Germany has the largest biogas produc-tion from agricultural sources. However, many other EU member states are creating the necessary conditions for rapid growth in this area. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), which sets payments over a long time period for electricity supplied from renewa-ble sources, often serves as a benchmark. However, the continuing biogas boom has also led to criticism of the EEG in Germany. Opponents of biogas Production point to the rising cost of leasing land, changes in the agricultural structure due to maize monoculture, increased competition with other agricultural branches (e.g., livestock husbandry) and the crowding out of classical food Production. This paper examines the validity of these points of criticism. To this end, a written survey (n = 246) of farmers in six selected rural districts in the German state of Lower Saxony was carried out in 2010 and 2011. OLS regressions conducted on the data from these farmers showed that biogas Production has led to a substantial increase in land lease prices for cropland. Furthermore, approximately 20% of the respondents report complete crowding out of established agricultural Production forms, resulting in a decrease in the resource basis for downstream animal and plant processing industries. The results also indicate that, in extreme cases, such crowding out might even reduce the availability of em-ployment in rural areas. In closing, the paper highlights further research needs in order to provide comprehensive information (for every German state, the entire country of Germany and other EU member states) regarding the effects of biogas Production on net employment, infrastructure and added value.
Welf Guenther-luebbers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impacts of Biogas Production on the Production Factors Land and Labour – Current Effects , Possible Consequences and Further Research Needs
International Journal of Food System Dynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Carsten H Emmann, Welf Guenther-luebbers, Ludwig TheuvsenAbstract:Among the members of the European Union (EU), Germany has the largest biogas produc-tion from agricultural sources. However, many other EU member states are creating the necessary conditions for rapid growth in this area. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), which sets payments over a long time period for electricity supplied from renewa-ble sources, often serves as a benchmark. However, the continuing biogas boom has also led to criticism of the EEG in Germany. Opponents of biogas Production point to the rising cost of leasing land, changes in the agricultural structure due to maize monoculture, increased competition with other agricultural branches (e.g., livestock husbandry) and the crowding out of classical food Production. This paper examines the validity of these points of criticism. To this end, a written survey (n = 246) of farmers in six selected rural districts in the German state of Lower Saxony was carried out in 2010 and 2011. OLS regressions conducted on the data from these farmers showed that biogas Production has led to a substantial increase in land lease prices for cropland. Furthermore, approximately 20% of the respondents report complete crowding out of established agricultural Production forms, resulting in a decrease in the resource basis for downstream animal and plant processing industries. The results also indicate that, in extreme cases, such crowding out might even reduce the availability of em-ployment in rural areas. In closing, the paper highlights further research needs in order to provide comprehensive information (for every German state, the entire country of Germany and other EU member states) regarding the effects of biogas Production on net employment, infrastructure and added value.
Yong He - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A soft computing method to estimate the effect of Production Factors on economic growth
2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007Co-Authors: Yong HeAbstract:This paper utilizes soft computing to estimate the effects of Production Factors on economic growth. Using GA-ISODATA algorithm to categorize China (which contains 31 regions) according to the level of science and technology (S&T), then sets up the fuzzy mapping relation from Production Factors (fixed assets, human capital and plowland) to economic output, and the result shows that: during the year 1999 to 2003, the effects of the Production Factors on economic growth are remarkably different in the regions which have dissimilar levels of S&T, the effects of fixed asset, human capital on economy in developed S&T regions are greater than developing or underdeveloped S&T regions, but the effect of plowland in developed S&T regions is less than developing or underdeveloped S&T regions; the effect of human capital on economic growth is greater than fixed assets for all regions; S&T progress and institutional innovation are playing fundamental roles on economic growth.
Vladimir N. Pokrovskii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production Factors and Technology
Econodynamics, 2020Co-Authors: Vladimir N. PokrovskiiAbstract:The description of Production processes in the previous chapter assumes that something can be made from something else and that there are tools for making things. Now we are going to look at the Production process from the energy side, including the effect of basic Production equipment, as a set of sophisticated devices allowing human beings to attract energy from natural sources to the Production of commodities. We are introducing two sets of quantities which, in the macroeconomical approach, reflect the level of technology in the economy: (1) potential rates of growth of Production Factors \(\tilde{\nu}\) and \(\tilde{\eta}\) and (2) technological coefficients λ and e, which show how much labour and substitutive work are needed to introduce a unit of investment in the Production system. In this chapter, the first set of quantities will be considered as exogenous Factors, whereas the second set is connected with internal characteristics of technology. Technological coefficients appear to be appropriate and convenient characteristics of technology instilled in an economy and can be easily estimated considering the performance of Production equipment.
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Production of Value
Econodynamics, 2012Co-Authors: Vladimir N. PokrovskiiAbstract:In this chapter, the relationship between the Production of value and the original (primary) sources of value, the Production Factors, is considered. From the input–output relations (Chap. 4), an increase in Production of value is connected with an increase in Production equipment (capital stock), and the capital stock is conventionally considered a Production factor. On the other hand, Production of value can be associated with an increase in technological work, that is, an increase in the efforts of labourers and the work of Production equipment (Chap. 1). In all, we have three Production Factors to consider: machine work and labour inputs act as substitutes for each other, but capital stock and the total technological work are complements to each other. An approximation of the Production function allows us to find explicit forms of marginal productivities which are connected with each other. The roles of Production Factors are different: labour and substitutive work are the true sources of value. Capital stock presents the means by which the labour and energy resources are attracted to the Production, allowing workers’ efforts to be substituted by a machine’s work.
