The Experts below are selected from a list of 42213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jim A C Everett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how good is the samaritan and why an experimental investigation of the extent and nature of religious Prosociality using economic games
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2016Co-Authors: Jim A C Everett, Omar Sultan Haque, David G RandAbstract:What is the extent and nature of religious Prosociality? If religious Prosociality exists, is it parochial and extended selectively to coreligionists or is it generalized regardless of the recipien...
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how good is the samaritan and why an experimental investigation of the extent and nature of religious Prosociality using economic games
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2016Co-Authors: Jim A C Everett, Omar Sultan Haque, David G RandAbstract:What is the extent and nature of religious Prosociality? If religious Prosociality exists, is it parochial and extended selectively to co-religionists, or is it generalized regardless of the recipient? Further, is it driven by preferences to help others or by expectations of reciprocity? We examined how much of a $0.30 bonus Mechanical Turk workers would share with the other player whose religion was prominently displayed during two online resource allocation games. In one game (but not the other), the recipient could choose to reciprocate. Results from both games showed that the more central religion was in participants’ lives, the more of the bonus they shared, regardless of whether they were giving to atheists or Christians. Furthermore, this effect was most clearly related to self-reported frequency of “thinking about religious ideas”, rather than belief in God or religious practice/experience. Our findings provide evidence of generalized religious Prosociality and illuminate its basis.
David G Rand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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community violence and Prosociality experiencing and committing violence predicts norm enforcing punishment but not cooperation
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca Littman, David G Rand, Suzanne Estrada, Michael N Stagnaro, Yarrow Dunham, Arielle R BaskinsommersAbstract:How does violence affect Prosociality? Previous work shows that exposure to intergroup violence is positively related Prosociality. Here, we test whether this finding extends to other types of comm...
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from good institutions to generous citizens top down incentives to cooperate promote subsequent Prosociality but not norm enforcement
Cognition, 2017Co-Authors: Michael N Stagnaro, Antonio A Arechar, David G RandAbstract:Abstract What makes people willing to pay costs to help others, and to punish others’ selfishness? Why does the extent of such behaviors vary markedly across cultures? To shed light on these questions, we explore the role of formal institutions in shaping individuals’ Prosociality and punishment. In Study 1 (N = 707), American participants who reported living under higher quality cooperation-enforcing institutions (police and courts) gave significantly more in a Dictator Game (DG), but did not punish significantly more in a Third-Party Punishment Game (TPPG). In Study 1R (N = 1705), we replicated the positive relationship between reported institutional quality and DG giving observed in Study 1. In Study 2 (N = 516), we experimentally manipulated institutional quality in a repeated Public Goods Game with a centralized punishment institution. Consistent with the correlational results of Study 1 and 1R, we found that centralized punishment led to significantly more Prosociality in a subsequent DG compared to a no-punishment control, but had no significant direct effect on subsequent TPPG punishment (only an indirect effect via increased DG giving). Thus we present convergent evidence that the quality of institutions one is exposed to “spills over” to subsequent Prosociality but not punishment. These findings support a theory of social heuristics, suggest boundary conditions on spillover effects of cooperation, and demonstrate the power of effective institutions for instilling habits of virtue and creating cultures of cooperation.
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from good institutions to good norms top down incentives to cooperate foster Prosociality but not norm enforcement
2017Co-Authors: Michael N Stagnaro, Antonio A Arechar, David G RandAbstract:What makes people willing to pay costs to help others, and to punish others’ selfishness? Why does the extent of such behaviors vary markedly across cultures? To shed light on these questions, we explore the role of formal institutions in shaping individuals’ Prosociality and punishment. In Study 1 (N=707), we found that the quality of institutions enforcing cooperativeness (police and courts) that participants reported being exposed to in daily life was positively associated with Dictator Game (DG) giving, but had little relationship with punishment in a Third-Party Punishment Game (TPPG). In Study 2 (N=516), we experimentally manipulated institutional quality in a repeated Public Goods Game with a centralized punishment institution. Consistent with Study 1’s correlational results, we found that centralized punishment led to significantly more Prosociality in a subsequent DG compared to a no-punishment control, but had no significant direct effect on subsequent TPPG punishment (only an indirect effect via increased DG giving). Thus we present convergent evidence that the quality of institutions one is exposed to “spills over” to subsequent Prosociality but not punishment. These findings support a theory of social heuristics, suggest boundary conditions on spillover effects of cooperation, and demonstrate the power of effective institutions for instilling habits of virtue and creating cultures of cooperation.
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how good is the samaritan and why an experimental investigation of the extent and nature of religious Prosociality using economic games
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2016Co-Authors: Jim A C Everett, Omar Sultan Haque, David G RandAbstract:What is the extent and nature of religious Prosociality? If religious Prosociality exists, is it parochial and extended selectively to coreligionists or is it generalized regardless of the recipien...
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how good is the samaritan and why an experimental investigation of the extent and nature of religious Prosociality using economic games
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2016Co-Authors: Jim A C Everett, Omar Sultan Haque, David G RandAbstract:What is the extent and nature of religious Prosociality? If religious Prosociality exists, is it parochial and extended selectively to co-religionists, or is it generalized regardless of the recipient? Further, is it driven by preferences to help others or by expectations of reciprocity? We examined how much of a $0.30 bonus Mechanical Turk workers would share with the other player whose religion was prominently displayed during two online resource allocation games. In one game (but not the other), the recipient could choose to reciprocate. Results from both games showed that the more central religion was in participants’ lives, the more of the bonus they shared, regardless of whether they were giving to atheists or Christians. Furthermore, this effect was most clearly related to self-reported frequency of “thinking about religious ideas”, rather than belief in God or religious practice/experience. Our findings provide evidence of generalized religious Prosociality and illuminate its basis.
Yi Kuang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social class and children s Prosociality a study in the context of china s dual urban rural structure
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2021Co-Authors: Yi Kuang, Fei Wang, Zuojun WangAbstract:China’s dual urban–rural structure has resulted in rural residents with a lower social rank vis-a-vis urban residents. This research examined Prosociality between lower class individuals (rural chi...
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Social Class and Children's Prosociality: A Study in the Context of China's Dual Urban-Rural Structure
'SAGE Publications', 2020Co-Authors: Yi Kuang, Wang Fei, Wang Zuo-junAbstract:China's dual urban-rural structure has resulted in rural residents with a lower social rank vis-a-vis urban residents. This research examined Prosociality between lower class individuals (rural children) and higher class individuals (urban children), operationalized using the dictator game, which focuses on sharing resources with others. Two studies consistently showed that both rural and urban children were more likely to share more resources with rural partners than with urban partners. This tendency was more pronounced among urban, higher class children. This effect occurred in both within- and between-subject designs, when the allocated resources were money and notebooks, and in situations with and without a short period of social contact. The findings did not provide evidence for the view that lower class is associated with higher Prosociality. Rather, the Prosociality depended on the social class of both the actor and the target. This has implications for integrating migrant children into city life.
Gian Vittorio Caprara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relation between Prosociality and self esteem from middle adolescence to young adulthood
Personality and Individual Differences, 2014Co-Authors: Antonio Zuffiano, Guido Alessandri, Bernadette Paula Luengo Kanacri, Concetta Pastorelli, Michela Milioni, Rosalba Ceravolo, Maria Giovanna Caprara, Gian Vittorio CapraraAbstract:The present study examined the longitudinal relations between Prosociality and self-esteem. Participants were 386 (50.3% males) middle adolescents (Mage = 15.6) assessed over a 10-year period until they entered into young adulthood (Mage = 25.7). First, multivariate latent curve analysis indicated that the developmental increase of Prosociality was positively related to the parallel increase of self-esteem. Second, an autoregressive cross-lagged model revealed that the direct effect of Prosociality on self-esteem was statistically significant but essentially negligible. These findings corroborated from a long-term longitudinal perspective previous studies highlighting the positive correlation between the development of Prosociality and self-esteem, and pointed out to the need for further investigating the relation between the two constructs. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
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the development of Prosociality from adolescence to early adulthood the role of effortful control
Journal of Personality, 2013Co-Authors: Bernadette Paula Luengo Kanacri, Nancy Eisenberg, Antonio Zuffiano, Concetta Pastorelli, Gian Vittorio CapraraAbstract:Objective The present longitudinal study examined the development of self-reported Prosociality (i.e., the tendency to enact prosocial behaviors) from adolescence to early adulthood and its prediction from teacher-reported effortful control (i.e., dispositional regulation) at age 13. Method Participants were 573 (276 girls) Italian adolescents aged approximately 13 (M = 12.98, SD = 0.80) at the first assessment and 21 (M = 21.23, SD = 0.67) at the last assessment. The study used three different cohorts recruited across ten years (from1994 to 2004) from a larger longitudinal project with a multiple-cohort design. Results Latent growth curve modeling indicated that the overall level of Prosociality declined until approximately age 17 with a subsequent slight rebound until age 21. Significant inter-individual variability in developmental trends of Prosociality in males and females was observed. Youths' effortful control was related to a lesser decline of Prosociality in adolescence. Conclusions Being able to regulate one's own emotions and behaviors in early adolescence may not only affect the tendency to behave prosocially, but also counter the self-centered tendencies observed across this phase of development.
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Prosociality the contribution of traits values and self efficacy beliefs
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Gian Vittorio Caprara, Guido Alessandri, Nancy EisenbergAbstract:The present study examined how agreeableness, self-transcendence values, and empathic self-efficacy beliefs predict individuals' tendencies to engage in prosocial behavior (i.e., Prosociality) across time. Participants were 340 young adults, 190 women and 150 men, age approximately 21 years at Time 1 and 25 years at Time 2. Measures of agreeableness, self-transcendence, empathic self-efficacy beliefs, and Prosociality were collected at 2 time points. The findings corroborated the posited paths of relations, with agreeableness directly predicting self-transcendence and indirectly predicting empathic self-efficacy beliefs and Prosociality. Self-transcendence mediated the relation between agreeableness and empathic self-efficacy beliefs. Empathic self-efficacy beliefs mediated the relation of agreeableness and self-transcendence to Prosociality. Finally, earlier Prosociality predicted agreeableness and empathic self-efficacy beliefs assessed at Time 2. The posited conceptual model accounted for a significant portion of variance in Prosociality and provides guidance to interventions aimed at promoting Prosociality.
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The Contribution of Agreeableness and Self-efficacy Beliefs to Prosociality.
European journal of personality, 2009Co-Authors: Gian Vittorio Caprara, Guido Alessandri, Laura Di Giunta, L Panerai, Nancy EisenbergAbstract:The present study examined how agreeableness and self-efficacy beliefs about responding empathically to others' needs predict individuals' Prosociality across time. Participants were 377 adolescents (66% males) aged 16 at Time 1 and 18 at Time 2 who took part at this study. Measures of agreeableness, empathic self-efficacy and Prosociality were collected at two time points. The findings corroborated the posited paths of relations to assigning agreeableness a major role in predicting the level of individuals' Prosociality. Empathic self-efficacy beliefs partially mediated the relation of agreeableness to Prosociality. The posited conceptual model accounted for a significant portion of variance in Prosociality and provides guidance with respect to interventions aimed at promoting Prosociality.
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Reciprocal Relations Among Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Prosociality Across Time
Journal of personality, 2009Co-Authors: Guido Alessandri, Nancy Eisenberg, Gian Vittorio Caprara, Patrizia StecaAbstract:The present study examined the longitudinal relations between individuals' Prosociality and their self-efficacy beliefs in regard to emotional regulation and responding empathically to others' needs. The participants were 244 females and 222 males with a mean age of 17 years (SD=1.5) at T1, 19 years (SD=1.4) at T2, and 21 years (SD=1.6) at T3. The findings corroborated the posited paths of relations assigning empathic self-efficacy a major role in predicting the level of individuals' Prosociality. Empathic self-efficacy beliefs mediated the relations of regulative emotional self-efficacy beliefs to prosocial tendencies such as caring, sharing, helping, and empathic concern toward others. The posited conceptual model accounted for a significant portion of variance in Prosociality and has implications for interventions designed to promote and sustain Prosociality.
Zuojun Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social class and children s Prosociality a study in the context of china s dual urban rural structure
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2021Co-Authors: Yi Kuang, Fei Wang, Zuojun WangAbstract:China’s dual urban–rural structure has resulted in rural residents with a lower social rank vis-a-vis urban residents. This research examined Prosociality between lower class individuals (rural chi...
