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A J Siccardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prediction of apparent Protein digestibility of ingredients and diets by in vitro ph stat degree of Protein Hydrolysis with species specific enzymes for juvenile pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel Lemos, Addison L Lawrence, A J SiccardiAbstract:Abstract Aquafeed production faces global issues related to availability of feed ingredients. Feed manufacturers require greater flexibility in order to develop nutritional and cost-effective formulations that take into account nutrient content and availability of ingredients. The search for appropriate ingredients requires detailed screening of their potential nutritional value and variability at the industrial level. In vitro digestion of feedstuffs by enzymes extracted from the target species has been correlated with apparent Protein digestibility (APD) in fish and shrimp species. The present study verified the relationship between APD and in vitro degree of Protein Hydrolysis (DH) with Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas enzymes in several different ingredients ( n = 26): blood meals, casein, corn gluten meal, crab meal, distiller's dried grains with solubles, feather meal, fish meals, gelatin, krill meals, poultry by-product meal, soybean meals, squid meals and wheat gluten. The relationship between APD and DH was further verified in diets formulated with these ingredients at 30% inclusion into a reference diet. APD was determined in vivo (30.1 ± 0.5 °C, 32.2 ± 0.4‰) with juvenile L. vannamei (9 to 12 g) after placement of test ingredients into a reference diet (35 g kg − 1 CP; 8.03 g kg − 1 lipid; 2.01 kcal g − 1 ) with chromic oxide as the inert marker. In vitro DH was assessed in ingredients and diets with standardized hepatopancreas enzymes extracted from pond-reared shrimp. The DH of ingredients was determined under different assay conditions to check for the most suitable in vitro protocol for APD prediction: different batches of enzyme extracts (HPf5 or HPf6), temperatures (25 or 30 °C) and enzyme activity (azocasein): crude Protein ratios (4 U: 80 mg CP or 4 U: 40 mg CP). DH was not affected by ingredient proximate composition. APD was significantly correlated to DH in regressions considering either ingredients or diets. The relationships between APD and DH of the ingredients could be suitably adjusted to a Rational Function ( y = ( a + bx )/(1 + cx + dx 2 ), n = 26. Best in vitro APD predictions were obtained at 25 °C, 4 U: 80 mg CP both for ingredients ( R 2 = 0.86; P = 0.001) and test diets ( R 2 = 0.96; P = 0.007). The regression model including all 26 ingredients generated higher prediction residuals (i.e., predicted APD − determined APD) for corn gluten meal, feather meal, poultry by-product meal and krill flour. The remaining test ingredients presented mean prediction residuals of 3.5 points. A model including only ingredients with APD > 80% showed higher prediction precision ( R 2 = 0.98; P = 0.000004; n = 20) with average residual of 1.8 points. Predictive models including only ingredients from the same origin (e.g., marine-based, R 2 = 0.98; P = 0.033) also displayed low residuals. Since in vitro techniques have been usually validated through regressions against in vivo APD, the DH predictive capacity may depend on the consistency of the in vivo methodology. Regressions between APD and DH suggested a close relationship between peptide bond breakage by hepatopancreas digestive proteases and the apparent nitrogen assimilation in shrimp, and this may be a useful tool to provide rapid nutritional information.
Shridhar Patil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alkaline protease production by a soil isolate of beauveria felina under ssf condition parameter optimization and application to soy Protein Hydrolysis
Process Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Deepti Agrawal, Pankaj Patidar, Tushar Banerjee, Shridhar PatilAbstract:Alkaline protease activity of a soil isolate of Beauveria felina for soy Protein Hydrolysis was explored and compared with Aspergillus oryzae NCIM 649, a known alkaline protease producer, under solid substrate fermentation (SSF) condition. The parameters affecting alkaline protease production under SSF condition were optimized. A maximum protease activity of ∼20,000 U/g initial dry substrate (IDS) was obtained from Beauveria felina grown for 7 days on wheat bran moistened with M-9 solution (pH 7.0) and 120% initial moisture content. As compared to Aspergillus oryzae NCIM 649, Beauveria felina showed about two times higher alkaline protease production under optimized conditions. The results demonstrated the potential of Beauveria felina isolate as a source of alkaline protease for commercial application to soy Protein Hydrolysis.
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production of alkaline protease by penicillium sp under ssf conditions and its application to soy Protein Hydrolysis
Process Biochemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Deepti Agrawal, Pankaj Patidar, Tushar Banerjee, Shridhar PatilAbstract:Abstract Alkaline protease activity of a local soil isolate of Penicillium sp. for soy Protein Hydrolysis has been explored under solid substrate fermentation (SSF) conditions. The optimum assay parameters for alkaline protease activity of Penicillium sp. were: pH 9.0 (borate buffer, 0.1 M) and temperature, 45 °C. Pre-incubation of enzyme extract with Fe 3+ , Hg 2+ and Cu 2+ drastically inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ marginally enhanced it. Penicillium sp. grown at 28 °C for 3 days on wheat bran supplemented with 25 mg soy Protein g −1 bran, moistened with M-9 salt solution (1 ml g −1 ), inoculated with 1×10 10 spores g −1 and extracted with 0.1 M borate buffer was found to yield a high titre of alkaline protease.
Vincent O Flaherty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial community structure and dynamics in anaerobic fluidized bed and granular sludge bed reactors influence of operational temperature and reactor configuration
Microbial Biotechnology, 2012Co-Authors: Katarzyna Bialek, Amit Kumar, Therese Mahony, Piet N L Lens, Vincent O FlahertyAbstract:Summary Methanogenic community structure and dynamics were investigated in two different, replicated anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor configurations [inverted fluidized bed (IFB) and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB)] treating synthetic dairy wastewater, during operating temperature transitions from 37°C to 25°C, and from 25°C to 15°C, over a 430-day trial. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and moving-window analyses, based on quantitative real-time PCR data, along with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling, demonstrated that the methanogenic communities developed in a different manner in these reactor configurations. A comparable level of performance was recorded for both systems at 37°C and 25°C, but a more dynamic and diverse microbial community in the IFB reactors supported better stability and adaptative capacity towards low temperature operation. The emergence and maintenance of particular bacterial genotypes (phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) was associated with efficient Protein Hydrolysis in the IFB, while Protein Hydrolysis was inefficient in the EGSB. A significant community shift from a Methanobacteriales and Methanosaetaceae towards a Methanomicrobiales-predominated community was demonstrated during operation at 15°C in both reactor configurations.
Daniel Lemos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prediction of apparent Protein digestibility of ingredients and diets by in vitro ph stat degree of Protein Hydrolysis with species specific enzymes for juvenile pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel Lemos, Addison L Lawrence, A J SiccardiAbstract:Abstract Aquafeed production faces global issues related to availability of feed ingredients. Feed manufacturers require greater flexibility in order to develop nutritional and cost-effective formulations that take into account nutrient content and availability of ingredients. The search for appropriate ingredients requires detailed screening of their potential nutritional value and variability at the industrial level. In vitro digestion of feedstuffs by enzymes extracted from the target species has been correlated with apparent Protein digestibility (APD) in fish and shrimp species. The present study verified the relationship between APD and in vitro degree of Protein Hydrolysis (DH) with Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas enzymes in several different ingredients ( n = 26): blood meals, casein, corn gluten meal, crab meal, distiller's dried grains with solubles, feather meal, fish meals, gelatin, krill meals, poultry by-product meal, soybean meals, squid meals and wheat gluten. The relationship between APD and DH was further verified in diets formulated with these ingredients at 30% inclusion into a reference diet. APD was determined in vivo (30.1 ± 0.5 °C, 32.2 ± 0.4‰) with juvenile L. vannamei (9 to 12 g) after placement of test ingredients into a reference diet (35 g kg − 1 CP; 8.03 g kg − 1 lipid; 2.01 kcal g − 1 ) with chromic oxide as the inert marker. In vitro DH was assessed in ingredients and diets with standardized hepatopancreas enzymes extracted from pond-reared shrimp. The DH of ingredients was determined under different assay conditions to check for the most suitable in vitro protocol for APD prediction: different batches of enzyme extracts (HPf5 or HPf6), temperatures (25 or 30 °C) and enzyme activity (azocasein): crude Protein ratios (4 U: 80 mg CP or 4 U: 40 mg CP). DH was not affected by ingredient proximate composition. APD was significantly correlated to DH in regressions considering either ingredients or diets. The relationships between APD and DH of the ingredients could be suitably adjusted to a Rational Function ( y = ( a + bx )/(1 + cx + dx 2 ), n = 26. Best in vitro APD predictions were obtained at 25 °C, 4 U: 80 mg CP both for ingredients ( R 2 = 0.86; P = 0.001) and test diets ( R 2 = 0.96; P = 0.007). The regression model including all 26 ingredients generated higher prediction residuals (i.e., predicted APD − determined APD) for corn gluten meal, feather meal, poultry by-product meal and krill flour. The remaining test ingredients presented mean prediction residuals of 3.5 points. A model including only ingredients with APD > 80% showed higher prediction precision ( R 2 = 0.98; P = 0.000004; n = 20) with average residual of 1.8 points. Predictive models including only ingredients from the same origin (e.g., marine-based, R 2 = 0.98; P = 0.033) also displayed low residuals. Since in vitro techniques have been usually validated through regressions against in vivo APD, the DH predictive capacity may depend on the consistency of the in vivo methodology. Regressions between APD and DH suggested a close relationship between peptide bond breakage by hepatopancreas digestive proteases and the apparent nitrogen assimilation in shrimp, and this may be a useful tool to provide rapid nutritional information.
Amit Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial community structure and dynamics in anaerobic fluidized bed and granular sludge bed reactors influence of operational temperature and reactor configuration
Microbial Biotechnology, 2012Co-Authors: Katarzyna Bialek, Amit Kumar, Therese Mahony, Piet N L Lens, Vincent O FlahertyAbstract:Summary Methanogenic community structure and dynamics were investigated in two different, replicated anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor configurations [inverted fluidized bed (IFB) and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB)] treating synthetic dairy wastewater, during operating temperature transitions from 37°C to 25°C, and from 25°C to 15°C, over a 430-day trial. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and moving-window analyses, based on quantitative real-time PCR data, along with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling, demonstrated that the methanogenic communities developed in a different manner in these reactor configurations. A comparable level of performance was recorded for both systems at 37°C and 25°C, but a more dynamic and diverse microbial community in the IFB reactors supported better stability and adaptative capacity towards low temperature operation. The emergence and maintenance of particular bacterial genotypes (phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) was associated with efficient Protein Hydrolysis in the IFB, while Protein Hydrolysis was inefficient in the EGSB. A significant community shift from a Methanobacteriales and Methanosaetaceae towards a Methanomicrobiales-predominated community was demonstrated during operation at 15°C in both reactor configurations.
