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Kailas L. Wasewar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of temperature on equilibria for physical and reactive extraction of Protocatechuic Acid
Heliyon, 2020Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. WasewarAbstract:Owing to its biological and chemical applications, the separation of Protocatechuic Acid, a polyphenol compound, is of interest to researchers. Extraction studies with initial Acid concentration (0.001-0.01 kmol m-3) using aminic extractant tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) (0.2287 kmol m-3 -1.1436 kmol m-3) in diluent octanol at diverse temperature ranges from 288 K - 313 K was done. Parameters like loading ratio, distribution coefficient, equilibrium complexation constant, diffusion coefficient, number of stages necessary for Protocatechuic Acid counter-current extraction were obtained; this information is useful in designing a process for the in situ separation of the Acid from the fermentation broth as well as from the waste streams. The increase in temperature distribution coefficient was found to increase up to the temperature of 303 K and was found to decrease with a further rise in temperature. The entropy and enthalpy values for the reaction at different temperatures were obtained. The highest extraction of 91.1 % and distribution coefficient of 1.14 were obtained at 313 K for an Acid concentration of 0.01 kmol m-3, and TOA concentration of 1.1436 kmol m-3 and 4 stages are required for counter-current extraction process for acquiring the required separation efficiency. Development of 1:1 complex of Protocatechuic Acid and TOA take place as concluded from the values of the loading ratio.
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Separation of Protocatechuic Acid Using Tri-n-Octylamine: Experimental and Mathematical Investigation
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2019Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. Wasewar, Subodh KumarAbstract:Protocatechuic Acid has wide pharmacological significance. The separation of Protocatechuic Acid (0.001–0.01 mol·kg–1) from tri-n-octylamine (TOA) (0.3140–2.827 mol·kg–1), in petroleum ether, toluene, and isobutyl acetate was investigated at 298 ± 1 K as well as atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium complexation constant (KE), extraction efficiency (E), distribution coefficients (KD) as well as loading ratio (Z) are used to explain the magnitude of Protocatechuic Acid loading in the organic phase. The best diluent was isobutyl acetate having a maximum distribution value as 4.57 and efficiency of 82.06% for 0.01 mol·kg–1 Protocatechuic Acid and 2.827 mol·kg–1 TOA concentration. For the various diluents in TOA, considering KD and %E the extraction capability was observed in the order isobutyl acetate (82.06%) > toluene (61.21%) > petroleum ether (58.88%). The design parameters for the extraction process, minimum ratio of solvent to feed (S/Fmin), and theoretical stages required were calculated. The Langmuir...
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Separation of Protocatechuic Acid Using Tri‑n‑Octylamine: Experimental and Mathematical Investigation
2019Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. Wasewar, Subodh KumarAbstract:Protocatechuic Acid has wide pharmacological significance. The separation of Protocatechuic Acid (0.001–0.01 mol·kg–1) from tri-n-octylamine (TOA) (0.3140–2.827 mol·kg–1), in petroleum ether, toluene, and isobutyl acetate was investigated at 298 ± 1 K as well as atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium complexation constant (KE), extraction efficiency (E), distribution coefficients (KD) as well as loading ratio (Z) are used to explain the magnitude of Protocatechuic Acid loading in the organic phase. The best diluent was isobutyl acetate having a maximum distribution value as 4.57 and efficiency of 82.06% for 0.01 mol·kg–1 Protocatechuic Acid and 2.827 mol·kg–1 TOA concentration. For the various diluents in TOA, considering KD and %E the extraction capability was observed in the order isobutyl acetate (82.06%) > toluene (61.21%) > petroleum ether (58.88%). The design parameters for the extraction process, minimum ratio of solvent to feed (S/Fmin), and theoretical stages required were calculated. The Langmuir isotherm, mass action law, and relative basicity models represented the reactive extraction equilibrium for Protocatechuic Acid–TOA–diluent systems. The results of the relative basicity model were found to be near to experimental data with less than 5% error
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reactive separation of Protocatechuic Acid using tri n octyl amine and di 2 ethylhexyl phosphoric Acid in methyl isobutyl ketone
Separation and Purification Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. WasewarAbstract:Abstract Protocatechuic Acid is used extensively in pharmacological and related industries which can also be obtained by fermentation. Reactive separation by means of reactive extractant is a favourable alternative to recover carboxylic Acids from the aqueous dilute streams and the fermentation broth. In this paper, the reactive separation of Protocatechuic Acid were performed by D2EHPA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric Acid) and TOA (tri-n-octyl amine) dissolved in MIBK (Methyl isobutyl ketone) at 298 K. Distribution coefficients, degree of extraction, complexation constants and loading ratio were estimated. The equilibrium for Protocatechuic Acid-extractant-diluent system was represented using Langmuir model, mass action law and relative basicity model. Results obtained from model were found to be close to experimental data. TOA was found more effective than D2EHPA for the recovery of Protocatechuic Acid having 5.39 as maximum distribution coefficient and 84.36% efficiency at 0.01 mol L−1 and 1.1437 mol L−1 concentration of Protocatechuic Acid and TOA respectively.
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Separation of Protocatechuic Acid Using Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid in Isobutyl Acetate, Toluene, and Petroleum Ether
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2018Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. WasewarAbstract:Protocatechuic Acid has potential pharmacological significance, like antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity. The extraction of carboxylic Acids from dilute aqueous phase is a topic of current interest to researchers. The present equilibrium study deals with the reactive extraction of Protocatechuic Acid from an aqueous solution by using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid (D2EHPA) in diluents, such as isobutyl acetate (IBA), toluene, and petroleum ether at isothermal conditions (298 ± 1 K). The physical extraction of Protocatechuic Acid with pure diluents is also carried out. The difference between the physical extraction and the reactive extraction was studied. The effects of Acid concentration (0.001–0.01 mol·kg–1), extractant concentration (0.3445–3.1010 mol·kg–1), and type of diluent on the recovery of Protocatechuic Acid from aqueous solution were determined. KD values were obtained in the ranges of 1.14–4.03, 0.12–0.67, and 0.08–0.48 for D2EHPA in isobutyl acetate, toluene, and petroleum e...
Fiona Mary Antony - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of temperature on equilibria for physical and reactive extraction of Protocatechuic Acid
Heliyon, 2020Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. WasewarAbstract:Owing to its biological and chemical applications, the separation of Protocatechuic Acid, a polyphenol compound, is of interest to researchers. Extraction studies with initial Acid concentration (0.001-0.01 kmol m-3) using aminic extractant tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) (0.2287 kmol m-3 -1.1436 kmol m-3) in diluent octanol at diverse temperature ranges from 288 K - 313 K was done. Parameters like loading ratio, distribution coefficient, equilibrium complexation constant, diffusion coefficient, number of stages necessary for Protocatechuic Acid counter-current extraction were obtained; this information is useful in designing a process for the in situ separation of the Acid from the fermentation broth as well as from the waste streams. The increase in temperature distribution coefficient was found to increase up to the temperature of 303 K and was found to decrease with a further rise in temperature. The entropy and enthalpy values for the reaction at different temperatures were obtained. The highest extraction of 91.1 % and distribution coefficient of 1.14 were obtained at 313 K for an Acid concentration of 0.01 kmol m-3, and TOA concentration of 1.1436 kmol m-3 and 4 stages are required for counter-current extraction process for acquiring the required separation efficiency. Development of 1:1 complex of Protocatechuic Acid and TOA take place as concluded from the values of the loading ratio.
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Reactive extraction: a promising approach to separate Protocatechuic Acid
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas WasewarAbstract:3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid, commonly known as Protocatechuic Acid, is a naturally occurring phenolic compound, being the active component of many medicinal and edible plants. The in vitro and in vivo studies of Protocatechuic Acid conclude that it possesses many pharmacological properties. Protocatechuic Acid, present in waste streams of food processing industries, is considered a phenolic pollutant. Owing to its bactericidal properties and in order to maintain the standards of disposal, its removal from the waste streams is necessary. Protocatechuic Acid finds applications also in bioplastics, polymers, and also bio-based active films to improve food preservation. Its direct extraction from plant secondary metabolites possesses many difficulties. Recently reports of Protocatechuic Acid production by several Bacillus species are present in literature. For the retrieval/removal of Protocatechuic Acid from aqueous streams, methods like adsorption, O_3/UV or H_2O_2/UV, and microbial degradation are in practice. For the retrieval of carboxylic Acid from fermentation broths and aqueous streams, reactive extraction by the use of specific extractants has been found to be a most suitable method owing to its several advantages. The present paper is focused on the separation of Protocatechuic Acid by reactive extraction as a promising approach. The parameters needed for the design such as distribution coefficient, water co-extraction, physical and chemical extraction, effect of initial Acid concentration, diluents, extractant, and extractant concentration have been discussed.
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Separation of Protocatechuic Acid Using Tri-n-Octylamine: Experimental and Mathematical Investigation
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2019Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. Wasewar, Subodh KumarAbstract:Protocatechuic Acid has wide pharmacological significance. The separation of Protocatechuic Acid (0.001–0.01 mol·kg–1) from tri-n-octylamine (TOA) (0.3140–2.827 mol·kg–1), in petroleum ether, toluene, and isobutyl acetate was investigated at 298 ± 1 K as well as atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium complexation constant (KE), extraction efficiency (E), distribution coefficients (KD) as well as loading ratio (Z) are used to explain the magnitude of Protocatechuic Acid loading in the organic phase. The best diluent was isobutyl acetate having a maximum distribution value as 4.57 and efficiency of 82.06% for 0.01 mol·kg–1 Protocatechuic Acid and 2.827 mol·kg–1 TOA concentration. For the various diluents in TOA, considering KD and %E the extraction capability was observed in the order isobutyl acetate (82.06%) > toluene (61.21%) > petroleum ether (58.88%). The design parameters for the extraction process, minimum ratio of solvent to feed (S/Fmin), and theoretical stages required were calculated. The Langmuir...
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reactive separation of Protocatechuic Acid using tri n octyl amine and di 2 ethylhexyl phosphoric Acid in methyl isobutyl ketone
Separation and Purification Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. WasewarAbstract:Abstract Protocatechuic Acid is used extensively in pharmacological and related industries which can also be obtained by fermentation. Reactive separation by means of reactive extractant is a favourable alternative to recover carboxylic Acids from the aqueous dilute streams and the fermentation broth. In this paper, the reactive separation of Protocatechuic Acid were performed by D2EHPA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric Acid) and TOA (tri-n-octyl amine) dissolved in MIBK (Methyl isobutyl ketone) at 298 K. Distribution coefficients, degree of extraction, complexation constants and loading ratio were estimated. The equilibrium for Protocatechuic Acid-extractant-diluent system was represented using Langmuir model, mass action law and relative basicity model. Results obtained from model were found to be close to experimental data. TOA was found more effective than D2EHPA for the recovery of Protocatechuic Acid having 5.39 as maximum distribution coefficient and 84.36% efficiency at 0.01 mol L−1 and 1.1437 mol L−1 concentration of Protocatechuic Acid and TOA respectively.
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Separation of Protocatechuic Acid Using Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid in Isobutyl Acetate, Toluene, and Petroleum Ether
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2018Co-Authors: Fiona Mary Antony, Kailas L. WasewarAbstract:Protocatechuic Acid has potential pharmacological significance, like antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity. The extraction of carboxylic Acids from dilute aqueous phase is a topic of current interest to researchers. The present equilibrium study deals with the reactive extraction of Protocatechuic Acid from an aqueous solution by using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid (D2EHPA) in diluents, such as isobutyl acetate (IBA), toluene, and petroleum ether at isothermal conditions (298 ± 1 K). The physical extraction of Protocatechuic Acid with pure diluents is also carried out. The difference between the physical extraction and the reactive extraction was studied. The effects of Acid concentration (0.001–0.01 mol·kg–1), extractant concentration (0.3445–3.1010 mol·kg–1), and type of diluent on the recovery of Protocatechuic Acid from aqueous solution were determined. KD values were obtained in the ranges of 1.14–4.03, 0.12–0.67, and 0.08–0.48 for D2EHPA in isobutyl acetate, toluene, and petroleum e...
Mei-chin Yin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anticoagulatory, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative effects of Protocatechuic Acid in diabetic mice.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Chia-yu Lin, Chin-shiu Huang, Chun-yin Huang, Mei-chin YinAbstract:Content of Protocatechuic Acid (PA) in eight locally available fresh fruits was analyzed, and the protective effects of this compound in diabetic mice were examined. PA at 1%, 2%, and 4% was supplied to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. PA treatments significantly lowered plasma glucose and increased insulin levels. PA treatments at 2% and 4% significantly lowered plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and fibrinogen level; increased plasma activity of antithrombin-III and protein C; decreased triglyceride content in plasma, heart, and liver; elevated glutathione level and the retention of glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in heart and kidney. PA treatments at 2% and 4% also significantly lowered plasma C-reactive protein and von Willebrand factor levels and reduced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in heart and kidney. These results support that Protocatechuic Acid could attenuate diabetic complications via its triglyceride-lowering, anticoagu...
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antibacterial effects of roselle calyx extracts and Protocatechuic Acid in ground beef and apple juice
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2009Co-Authors: Cheyi Chao, Mei-chin YinAbstract:The antibacterial effects of roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts and Protocatechuic Acid against food spoilage bacteria Salmonella typhimurium DT104, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were examined. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts and Protocatechuic Acid against these bacteria were in the range of 112-144, 72-96, and 24-44 microg/mL, respectively. Protocatechuic Acid content in roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts was 2.8 +/- 0.7 and 11.9 +/- 1.2 mg/g, respectively. Antibacterial activity of roselle calyx ethanol extract and Protocatechuic Acid was not affected by heat treatments from 25 degrees to 75 degrees C and 25 degrees to 100 degrees C, respectively. After 3 days storage at 25 degrees C, the addition of roselle calyx extracts and Protocatechuic Acid exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects against test bacteria in ground beef and apple juice, in which the roselle calyx ethanol extract showed greater antibacterial effects than the aqueous extract. These data suggest that roselle calyx ethanol extract and Protocatechuic Acid might be potent agents as food additives to prevent contamination from these bacteria.
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Anti-Campylobacter, anti-aerobic, and anti-oxidative effects of roselle calyx extract and Protocatechuic Acid in ground beef.
International journal of food microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Mei-chin Yin, Cheyi ChaoAbstract:The inhibitory effect of roselle calyx extract and Protocatechuic Acid against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus in agar plate and ground beef was examined. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of roselle calyx extract and Protocatechuic Acid against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter species were in the range of 96-152 and 20-44 microg/ml, respectively. Temperature treatments from 25 to 100 degrees C did not affect the anti-Campylobacter activity of Protocatechuic Acid. In ground beef stored at 15 degrees C for 6 days, roselle calyx extract and Protocatechuic Acid inhibited the survival and growth of aerobes, and susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter species, in which Protocatechuic Acid exhibited dose-dependent effect. Both roselle calyx extract and Protocatechuic Acid decreased lipid oxidation levels in ground beef, in which Protocatechuic Acid also exhibited dose-dependent effect. The addition of roselle calyx extract or Protocatechuic Acid did not affect cooking loss, pH value, sensory attributes and content of fat, protein and moisture of beef samples during storage at 4 degrees C for 15 days. These data support that roselle calyx extract and Protocatechuic Acid may be used for muscle foods to prevent contamination from Campylobacter and aerobes, as well as delay lipid oxidation.
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In vitro antibacterial activity of roselle calyx and Protocatechuic Acid.
Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2005Co-Authors: Keh-sen Liu, Shyh-ming Tsao, Mei-chin YinAbstract:The in vitro inhibitory effect of roselle calyx and Protocatechuic Acid, a compound derived from roselle calyx, on the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii was studied. The data from inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values showed that both roselle calyx extract and Protocatechuic Acid inhibited effectively the growth of all test bacterial pathogens, the antibacterial activity of Protocatechuic Acid being significantly greater than roselle calyx (p < 0.05). Furthermore, heat treatment did not affect the antibacterial activity of roselle calyx and Protocatechuic Acid against all test pathogens. The time-kill data from Protocatechuic Acid showed this agent provided concentration dependent antibacterial activities in broth and human plasma (p < 0.05); however, Protocatechuic Acid showed less inhibitory activity in human plasma than in broth (p < 0.05). These agents based on their lower MIC values, heat tolerance and concentration dependent antibacterial activity may be useful in clinical infection prevention or therapy.
Cristiana Melchioni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Synthesis of Regioselectively Protected Protocatechuic Acid Derivatives by Biomimetic Transformation of Quinic Acid
Molecules, 2000Co-Authors: Armandodoriano Bianco, Francesco Bonadies, Cristiana MelchioniAbstract:3- and 4-monoesterified Protocatechuic Acid methyl ester (5 and 7 respectively) have been synthesised from quinic Acid by a high yields biomimetic rearrangement
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Synthesis of Regioselectively Protected Protocatechuic Acid Derivatives by Biomimetic Transformation of Quinic Acid
Molecules, 2000Co-Authors: Armandodoriano Bianco, Francesco Bonadies, Cristiana MelchioniAbstract:Abstract: 3- and 4-monoesterified Protocatechuic Acid methyl ester ( 5 and 7 respectively) have been synthesised from quinic Acid by a high yields biomimeticrearrangement. Keywords : Protocatechuic Acid, quinic Acid, diastereoselective synthesis Introduction The preparation of regioselectively protected Protocatechuic Acid derivatives has not beenpreviously described, owing to the difficulty of discriminating between the two very similar, from achemical reactivity point of view, phenolic hydroxyls. Ciamician et al. [1] described, for the first time,the preparation, by partial esterification, of the mixture of the two monoacetyl derivatives ofProtocatechuic Acid. Later Fischer et al. [2] reported the preparation of 3-acetyl-Protocatechuic Acid bypartial alkaline hydrolysis of Protocatechuic Acid diacetate. A similar procedure was also reported byLesser et al. [3]. Chromatographic detection of 3-acetyl-Protocatechuic Acid in natural sources [4] or insynthetic mixtures [5] has also been described.
Manef Abderrabba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental Measurement and Correlation of Solubility Data and Thermodynamic Properties of Protocatechuic Acid in Four Organic Solvents
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 2015Co-Authors: Adel Noubigh, Abdelkarim Aydi, Manef AbderrabbaAbstract:Using a thermostated reactor and UV/vis spectrophotometer analysis, the solubility of Protocatechuic Acid (PA) in ethanol, methanol, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate was measured from (293.15 to 318.15) K at atmospheric pressure. The effect of solvent type and temperature on the solubility are discussed. The relative solubility of Protocatechuic Acid in different solvents was determined in descending order to be x(methanol) > x(ethanol) > x(methyl) > x(ethyl). The experimental solubility data of the solutes (PA) in four pure solvents was correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and semiempirical Buchowski-Ksiazczak lambda h equation. Dissolution standard molar enthalpy Delta H-sol degrees (kJ.mol(-1)), Gibbs energy Delta(sol)G degrees (kJ center dot mol(-1)), and entropy Delta S-sol degrees (J center dot mol(-1) center dot K-1) of Protocatechuic Acid were estimated using the solubility data.
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Experimental Measurement and Correlation of Solubility Data and Thermodynamic Properties of Protocatechuic Acid in Four Organic Solvents
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2015Co-Authors: Adel Noubigh, Abdelkarim Aydi, Manef AbderrabbaAbstract:Using a thermostated reactor and UV/vis spectrophotometer analysis, the solubility of Protocatechuic Acid (PA) in ethanol, methanol, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate was measured from (293.15 to 318.15) K at atmospheric pressure. The effect of solvent type and temperature on the solubility are discussed. The relative solubility of Protocatechuic Acid in different solvents was determined in descending order to be xmethanol > xethanol > xmethyl > xethyl. The experimental solubility data of the solutes (PA) in four pure solvents was correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and semiempirical Buchowski–Ksiazczak λh equation. Dissolution standard molar enthalpy ΔsolH° (kJ·mol–1), Gibbs energy ΔsolG° (kJ·mol–1), and entropy ΔsolS° (J·mol–1·K–1) of Protocatechuic Acid were estimated using the solubility data:
