The Experts below are selected from a list of 270 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard A. Hesse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in North America by viral metagenomic sequencing of serum from pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Virology journal, 2015Co-Authors: Erin E. Schirtzinger, Andrew W. Suddith, Benjamin M. Hause, Richard A. HesseAbstract:Currently, eight species in four genera of parvovirus have been described that infect swine. These include ungulate Protoparvovirus 1 (classical porcine parvovirus, PPV), ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 (PPV3), ungulate tetraparvovirus 3 (which includes PPV2, porcine hokovirus, porcine partetravirus and porcine PARV4), ungulate copiparvovirus 2 (which includes PPV4 and PPV5), ungulate bocaparvovirus 2 (which includes porcine bocavirus 1, 2 and 6), ungulate bocaparvovirus 3 (porcine bocavirus 5), ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 (porcine bocavirus 7) and ungulate bocaparvovirus 5 (porcine bocavirus 3, 4–1 and 4–2). PPV6, the most recently described porcine parvovirus, was first identified in China in late 2014 in aborted pig fetuses. Prevalence of PPV6 in China was found to be similar in finishing age pigs from farms with and without evidence of swine reproductive failure. Porcine parvovirus 6 (PPV6) was detected by sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) and confirmed by overlapping and real-time PCR in the serum of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSv) positive samples. Seven nearly complete genomes of PPV6 were identified in PRRSv genotype 2 positive serum samples submitted to state veterinary diagnostic laboratories in 2014. Further testing using overlapping and real-time PCR determined PPV6 to be present in 13.2 % of the serums tested. Additionally, PPV6 was present in samples from all of the geographic locations sampled encompassing nine states in the United States and one state in Mexico. The presence of PPV6 in serum indicates that the PPV6 infection is disseminated and not localized to a specific tissue type. Alignments of the near full length genomes, NS1, and capsid genes identified one of the five PPV6 isolates from China (98.6–99.5 % identity with the North American strains) to be the North American strains nearest relative. These results are the first to report the presence of PPV6 in North America and demonstrate that the virus is found in multiple geographic areas in the United States and in Mexico. The overall prevalence of PPV6 in PRRSv viremic animals is relatively low. Further, all of the PPV6 genomes found in North America are most closely related to a PPV6 strain first identified in 2014 in healthy pigs from the Tianjin province of China.
Eric Delwart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Parvoviruses and Picornavirus in Tissues and Feces of Foals with Interstitial Pneumonia
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Eda Altan, Xutao Deng, Alvin Hui, Patricia Pesavento, Javier Asín, Beate Crossley, Francisco A. Uzal, Eric DelwartAbstract:Six foals with interstitial pneumonia of undetermined etiology from Southern California were analyzed by viral metagenomics. Spleen, lung, and colon content samples obtained during necropsy from each animal were pooled, and nucleic acids from virus-like particles enriched for deep sequencing. The recently described equine copiparvovirus named eqcopivirus, as well as three previously uncharacterized viruses, were identified. The complete ORFs genomes of two closely related Protoparvoviruses, and of a bocaparvovirus, plus the partial genome of a picornavirus were assembled. The parvoviruses were classified as members of new ungulate Protoparvovirus and bocaparvovirus species in the Parvoviridae family. The picornavirus was classified as a new species in the Salivirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Spleen, lung, and colon content samples from each foal were then tested for these viral genomes by nested PCR and RT-PCR. When present, parvoviruses were detected in both feces and spleen. The picornavirus, Protoparvovirus, and eqcopivirus genomes were detected in the lungs of one animal each. Three foals were co-infected with the picornavirus and either a Protoparvovirus, bocaparvovirus, or eqcopivirus. Two other foals were infected with a Protoparvovirus only. No viral infection was detected in one animal. The complete ORFs of the first equine Protoparvoviruses and bocaparvovirus, the partial ORF of the third equine picornavirus, and their detection in tissues of foals with interstitial pneumonia are described here. Testing the involvement of these viruses in fatal interstitial pneumonia or other equine diseases will require larger epidemiological and/or inoculation studies
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New Parvovirus in Child with Unexplained Diarrhea, Tunisia
2016Co-Authors: Tung G. Phan, Xutao Deng, Khira Sdiri-loulizi, Mahjoub Aouni, Katia Ambert-balay, Pierre Pothier, Eric DelwartAbstract:A divergent parvovirus genome was the only eukary-otic viral sequence detected in feces of a Tunisian child with unexplained diarrhea. Tusavirus 1 shared 44 % and 39% identity with the nonstructural protein 1 and viral protein 1, respectively, of the closest genome, Kilham rat parvovirus, indicating presence of a new human viral species in the Pro-toparvovirus genus. Parvoviruses are small icosahedral viruses with linear single-stranded DNA genomes of ≈5 kb that are as-sociated with a wide spectrum of illnesses in humans and animals. The subfamily Parvovirinae, which infects ver-tebrates, is currently classified into 8 genera, 5 of which contain human parvoviruses (Dependoparvovirus, Eryth-roparvovirus, Bocaparvovirus, Tetraparvovirus, and Protoparvovirus) (1). In 2012, bufaviruses 1 and 2 were sequenced from the feces of children with diarrhea fro
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bufavirus in feces of patients with gastroenteritis finland
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Elina Vaisanen, Eric Delwart, Inka Kuisma, Tung Gia Phan, Maija Lappalainen, Eveliina Tarkka, Klaus Hedman, Maria SoderlundvenermoAbstract:To the Editor: For nearly 3 decades, human parvovirus B19 (B19V) was considered to be the only pathogenic parvovirus found in humans. Since 2005, several new human parvoviruses have been found, including human bocaviruses (HBoV1–4) and human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) (1–5), and during 2012, metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from children in Burkina Faso with acute diarrhea showed a highly divergent parvovirus, which was named bufavirus (BuV) (6). Its sequence in the coding region showed <31% similarity with known parvoviruses, the closest genera being Protoparvovirus and Amdoparvovirus. Subsequent studies, on the basis of PCR results, showed that 4% of fecal samples from Burkina Faso (n = 98) and 1.6% from Tunisia (n = 63) harbored either of 2 genotypes of this new virus, which belongs to the species Primate Protoparvovirus 1 of the genus Protoparvovirus (6,7; http://ictvonline.org). To assess the occurrence of BuV in northern Europe, we analyzed 629 fecal samples from patients of all ages (median 51.5 years, range 0–99) in Finland who had gastroenteritis. To gain a more complete representation of BuV occurrence, we obtained samples retrospectively from routine diagnostics for bacterial and viral gastroenteritis-inducing pathogens (HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Division, Helsinki, Finland) and analyzed all samples available during the collection periods. The samples originally sent to HUSLAB for bacterial diagnosis (bacterial cohort, n = 243) had been analyzed during October 2012–March 2013 for Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Escherichia coli (subtypes enterohemorraghica, enteropatogena, enterotoxigenic and enteroagregativa) by using culture or PCR (8). In 81 (33.3%) of the samples, >1 bacterial pathogen was found. The samples originally sent for viral diagnosis (viral cohort, n = 386) had been tested in HUSLAB for norovirus during April–May, 2013 by using reverse transcription quantitative PCE (RT-qPCR)(HUSLAB in-house). Further diagnosis for rotavirus and adenovirus had been requested by physicians from 105 (27.2%) of 386 samples (Diarlex MB antigen detection assay, Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland), and for astrovirus from 33 (8.6%) samples (RT-PCR, HUSLAB in-house). A viral pathogen was discovered in 141 (36.5%) samples; in 139, the pathogen was norovirus. The samples had been sent from diverse locations within Finland, and thus were not from a few isolated outbreaks. No further information on patients and samples was available for either cohort, and not enough samples were left for retrospective analysis of additional pathogens. The Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa approved the study. BuV DNA was detected by using a new real-time qPCR with the following primers and probe: BuV forward, 5 ′-ACAGTGTAGACAGTGGATTCAAACTT-3 ′; BuV reverse, 5 ′-GTTGTGGTTGGATTGTGGTTAGTTC-3 ′; BuV qPCR probe, 5 ′-FAM-CGGAAGAGATTTTGACAGTGCYTAGCAA-BHQ1–3 ′. The detailed qPCR protocol is shown in the Technical Appendix. The analytical sensitivity of the RT-qPCR assay was 5–10 copies per reaction. Of the 629 fecal samples, 7 (1.1%) were positive for BuV DNA, of which 4 were from the bacterial cohort and 3 from the viral cohort. BuV DNA quantity was low in all samples, ranging from 1.9 × 103 to 3.2 × 104 copies per milliliter of fecal supernatant (Table). In contrast to the original discovery of the virus in children with diarrhea (6), all positive samples were from adults (median age 53 years, range 21–89 years). All BuV DNA–positive results were confirmed by repeated BuV qPCR, by amplifying and sequencing another area of the virus, or by both methods (Table): all sequenced amplicons were more similar to the BuV genotype 1 (Technical Appendix Figure) (6). Two of the BuV-positive samples were from the same patient, taken 4 days apart, and the latter sample also harbored norovirus. The additional 6 BuV-positive samples were negative for the other viral or bacterial pathogens tested. Table Samples collected for bacterial and viral testing that were subsequently positive for bufavirus DNA* Seven fecal samples collected from adults in Finland contained BuV DNA, indicating that circulation of the virus is restricted neither to children nor to Africa. However, the low DNA loads in all the positive samples suggest that BuV might not be the primary cause of these cases of gastroenteritis. A known gastroenteritis-inducing pathogen (norovirus) was found in 1 of the 7 BuV-positive samples. We did not observe any clustering of the 7 positive samples into a specific period (Table). Although the association with gastroenteritis seems weak, BuV might cause symptoms of other types. We did not include feces from healthy subjects for comparison. The identified BuV DNA in our samples could originate from previous or current infections unrelated to gastroenteritis, or be associated with prolonged virus secretion in the respiratory or digestive tracts, a phenomenon shown, e.g., for (9,10). Acquisition of the virus from a food source cannot be ruled out, although 1 patient harbored the DNA for at least 4 days, during which a 10-fold increase in viral load was observed. Overall, this study shows that BuV circulates in northern Europe and can be found in the feces of patients with gastroenteritis. Despite the absence of known pathogens among 6 of 7 BuVs-shedding patients, the causative role of BuV in gastroenteritis remains uncertain. Serologic studies will help clarify a possible association between BuVs and diarrhea or other diseases. Technical Appendix: Bufavirus quantitative PCR and phylogenetic analylsis. Click here to view.(202K, pdf)
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New Parvovirus in Child with Unexplained Diarrhea, Tunisia
'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)', 2014Co-Authors: Tung G. Phan, Xutao Deng, Khira Sdiri-loulizi, Mahjoub Aouni, Katia Ambert-balay, Pierre Pothier, Eric DelwartAbstract:A divergent parvovirus genome was the only eukaryotic viral sequence detected in feces of a Tunisian child with unexplained diarrhea. Tusavirus 1 shared 44% and 39% identity with the nonstructural protein 1 and viral protein 1, respectively, of the closest genome, Kilham rat parvovirus, indicating presence of a new human viral species in the Protoparvovirus genus
Erin E. Schirtzinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in North America by viral metagenomic sequencing of serum from pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Virology journal, 2015Co-Authors: Erin E. Schirtzinger, Andrew W. Suddith, Benjamin M. Hause, Richard A. HesseAbstract:Currently, eight species in four genera of parvovirus have been described that infect swine. These include ungulate Protoparvovirus 1 (classical porcine parvovirus, PPV), ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 (PPV3), ungulate tetraparvovirus 3 (which includes PPV2, porcine hokovirus, porcine partetravirus and porcine PARV4), ungulate copiparvovirus 2 (which includes PPV4 and PPV5), ungulate bocaparvovirus 2 (which includes porcine bocavirus 1, 2 and 6), ungulate bocaparvovirus 3 (porcine bocavirus 5), ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 (porcine bocavirus 7) and ungulate bocaparvovirus 5 (porcine bocavirus 3, 4–1 and 4–2). PPV6, the most recently described porcine parvovirus, was first identified in China in late 2014 in aborted pig fetuses. Prevalence of PPV6 in China was found to be similar in finishing age pigs from farms with and without evidence of swine reproductive failure. Porcine parvovirus 6 (PPV6) was detected by sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) and confirmed by overlapping and real-time PCR in the serum of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSv) positive samples. Seven nearly complete genomes of PPV6 were identified in PRRSv genotype 2 positive serum samples submitted to state veterinary diagnostic laboratories in 2014. Further testing using overlapping and real-time PCR determined PPV6 to be present in 13.2 % of the serums tested. Additionally, PPV6 was present in samples from all of the geographic locations sampled encompassing nine states in the United States and one state in Mexico. The presence of PPV6 in serum indicates that the PPV6 infection is disseminated and not localized to a specific tissue type. Alignments of the near full length genomes, NS1, and capsid genes identified one of the five PPV6 isolates from China (98.6–99.5 % identity with the North American strains) to be the North American strains nearest relative. These results are the first to report the presence of PPV6 in North America and demonstrate that the virus is found in multiple geographic areas in the United States and in Mexico. The overall prevalence of PPV6 in PRRSv viremic animals is relatively low. Further, all of the PPV6 genomes found in North America are most closely related to a PPV6 strain first identified in 2014 in healthy pigs from the Tianjin province of China.
Jacques Dantal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new Protoparvovirus in human fecal samples and cutaneous T cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides)
Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Tung Phan, Brigitte Dreno, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Patricia Orlandi, Xutao Deng, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Juliana Siqueira, Anne-chantal Knol, Franck Halary, Jacques DantalAbstract:We genetically characterized seven nearly complete genomes in the Protoparvovirus genus from the feces of children with diarrhea. The viruses, provisionally named cutaviruses (CutaV), varied by 1–6% nucleotides and shared $ 76% and $ 82% amino acid identity with the NS1 and VP1 of human bufa-viruses, their closest relatives. Using PCR, cutavirus DNA was found in 1.6% (4/245) and 1% (1/100) of diarrhea samples from Brazil and Botswana respectively. In silico analysis of pre-existing metagenomics datasets then revealed closely related parvovirus genomes in skin biopsies from patients with epi-dermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL or mycosis fungoides). PCR of skin biopsies yielded cu-tavirus DNA in 4/17 CTCL, 0/10 skin carcinoma, and 0/21 normal or noncancerous skin biopsies. In situ hybridization of CTCL skin biopsies detected viral genome within rare individual cells in regions of neoplastic infiltrations. The influence of cutavirus infection on human enteric functions and possible oncolytic role in CTCL progression remain to be determined.
Xutao Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Parvoviruses and Picornavirus in Tissues and Feces of Foals with Interstitial Pneumonia
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Eda Altan, Xutao Deng, Alvin Hui, Patricia Pesavento, Javier Asín, Beate Crossley, Francisco A. Uzal, Eric DelwartAbstract:Six foals with interstitial pneumonia of undetermined etiology from Southern California were analyzed by viral metagenomics. Spleen, lung, and colon content samples obtained during necropsy from each animal were pooled, and nucleic acids from virus-like particles enriched for deep sequencing. The recently described equine copiparvovirus named eqcopivirus, as well as three previously uncharacterized viruses, were identified. The complete ORFs genomes of two closely related Protoparvoviruses, and of a bocaparvovirus, plus the partial genome of a picornavirus were assembled. The parvoviruses were classified as members of new ungulate Protoparvovirus and bocaparvovirus species in the Parvoviridae family. The picornavirus was classified as a new species in the Salivirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Spleen, lung, and colon content samples from each foal were then tested for these viral genomes by nested PCR and RT-PCR. When present, parvoviruses were detected in both feces and spleen. The picornavirus, Protoparvovirus, and eqcopivirus genomes were detected in the lungs of one animal each. Three foals were co-infected with the picornavirus and either a Protoparvovirus, bocaparvovirus, or eqcopivirus. Two other foals were infected with a Protoparvovirus only. No viral infection was detected in one animal. The complete ORFs of the first equine Protoparvoviruses and bocaparvovirus, the partial ORF of the third equine picornavirus, and their detection in tissues of foals with interstitial pneumonia are described here. Testing the involvement of these viruses in fatal interstitial pneumonia or other equine diseases will require larger epidemiological and/or inoculation studies
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New Parvovirus in Child with Unexplained Diarrhea, Tunisia
2016Co-Authors: Tung G. Phan, Xutao Deng, Khira Sdiri-loulizi, Mahjoub Aouni, Katia Ambert-balay, Pierre Pothier, Eric DelwartAbstract:A divergent parvovirus genome was the only eukary-otic viral sequence detected in feces of a Tunisian child with unexplained diarrhea. Tusavirus 1 shared 44 % and 39% identity with the nonstructural protein 1 and viral protein 1, respectively, of the closest genome, Kilham rat parvovirus, indicating presence of a new human viral species in the Pro-toparvovirus genus. Parvoviruses are small icosahedral viruses with linear single-stranded DNA genomes of ≈5 kb that are as-sociated with a wide spectrum of illnesses in humans and animals. The subfamily Parvovirinae, which infects ver-tebrates, is currently classified into 8 genera, 5 of which contain human parvoviruses (Dependoparvovirus, Eryth-roparvovirus, Bocaparvovirus, Tetraparvovirus, and Protoparvovirus) (1). In 2012, bufaviruses 1 and 2 were sequenced from the feces of children with diarrhea fro
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A new Protoparvovirus in human fecal samples and cutaneous T cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides)
Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Tung Phan, Brigitte Dreno, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Patricia Orlandi, Xutao Deng, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Juliana Siqueira, Anne-chantal Knol, Franck Halary, Jacques DantalAbstract:We genetically characterized seven nearly complete genomes in the Protoparvovirus genus from the feces of children with diarrhea. The viruses, provisionally named cutaviruses (CutaV), varied by 1–6% nucleotides and shared $ 76% and $ 82% amino acid identity with the NS1 and VP1 of human bufa-viruses, their closest relatives. Using PCR, cutavirus DNA was found in 1.6% (4/245) and 1% (1/100) of diarrhea samples from Brazil and Botswana respectively. In silico analysis of pre-existing metagenomics datasets then revealed closely related parvovirus genomes in skin biopsies from patients with epi-dermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL or mycosis fungoides). PCR of skin biopsies yielded cu-tavirus DNA in 4/17 CTCL, 0/10 skin carcinoma, and 0/21 normal or noncancerous skin biopsies. In situ hybridization of CTCL skin biopsies detected viral genome within rare individual cells in regions of neoplastic infiltrations. The influence of cutavirus infection on human enteric functions and possible oncolytic role in CTCL progression remain to be determined.
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New Parvovirus in Child with Unexplained Diarrhea, Tunisia
'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)', 2014Co-Authors: Tung G. Phan, Xutao Deng, Khira Sdiri-loulizi, Mahjoub Aouni, Katia Ambert-balay, Pierre Pothier, Eric DelwartAbstract:A divergent parvovirus genome was the only eukaryotic viral sequence detected in feces of a Tunisian child with unexplained diarrhea. Tusavirus 1 shared 44% and 39% identity with the nonstructural protein 1 and viral protein 1, respectively, of the closest genome, Kilham rat parvovirus, indicating presence of a new human viral species in the Protoparvovirus genus
