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Sherry A. Tanumihardjo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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retention of carotenoids in biofortified maize flour and β cryptoxanthin enhanced eggs after household cooking
ACS omega, 2017Co-Authors: Margaret Sowa, Torbert Rocheford, Natalia Palaciosrojas, Shellen R Goltz, Julie A Howe, Christopher R Davis, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:Biofortification of crops to enhance Provitamin A carotenoids is a strategy to increase the intake where vitamin A deficiency presents a widespread problem. Heat, light, and oxygen cause isomerization and oxidation of carotenoids, reducing Provitamin A activity. Understanding Provitamin A retention is important for assessing efficacy of biofortified foods. Retention of carotenoids in high-xanthophyll and high-β-carotene maize was assessed after a long-term storage at three temperatures. Carotenoid retention in high-β-cryptoxanthin maize was determined in muffins, non-nixtamalized tortillas, porridge, and fried puffs made from whole-grain and sifted flour. Retention in eggs from hens fed high-β-cryptoxanthin maize was assessed after frying, scrambling, boiling, and microwaving. Loss during storage in maize was accelerated with increasing temperature and affected by genotype. Boiling whole-grain maize into porridge resulted in the highest retention of all cooking and sifting methods (112%). Deep-fried maize...
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Exploiting natural variation in exotic germplasm for increasing Provitamin-A carotenoids in tropical maize
Euphytica, 2015Co-Authors: Abebe Menkir, Torbert Rocheford, Busie Maziya-dixon, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:The nutritional value and health benefits derived from carotenoids have prompted increased investment in breeding crop varieties with elevated carotenoid levels for areas where crops like maize with low nutrient density are consumed in large quantities. Twelve exotic donor lines of high β-carotene were crossed to seven elite tropical yellow or orange lines and the F1s were backcrossed to the same or different elite line. Ninety-eight lines derived from these backcrosses (BC), seven recurrent parents, and 24 adapted lines derived from other source populations were included in a trial grown at Ibadan in Nigeria for three years. Carotenoid analyses of samples harvested from this trial found significant differences in accumulating Provitamin-A and other carotenoids among lines, which were consistently expressed across years. The lines also displayed distinct carotenoid profiles. Among the best 25 inbred lines containing 5.0–16.6 μg g−1 β-carotene and 8.0–17.4 μg g−1 pro-vitamin A, 24 were BC-derived lines and one was derived from a bi-parental cross of tropical yellow elite lines. The best BC-derived lines accumulated 23–313 % more β-carotene and 32–190 % more Provitamin-A than the recurrent parents. These BC-derived lines may be valuable resources for favorable alleles to develop maize varieties with high Provitamin-A and for genetic studies to understand the underlying mechanisms regulating carotenoid biosynthesis. These results illustrate the effectiveness of exploiting natural allelic diversity existing in exotic lines through backcrossing combined with visual selection for bright yellow to orange kernel color with semi-flint to flint kernel texture in boosting Provitamin-A to a new level in tropical maize.
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carotenoid retention of biofortified Provitamin a maize zea mays l after zambian traditional methods of milling cooking and storage
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Luke Mugode, Sherry A. Tanumihardjo, Augustine Kaunda, Thelma Sikombe, Sidney Phiri, Raphael Mutale, Christopher B Davis, Fabiana F. De MouraAbstract:Provitamin A biofortified maize hybrids were developed to target vitamin A deficient populations in Africa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degradation of carotenoids after milling, cooking, and storage among biofortified varieties released in Zambia. The biofortified maize hybrids contained 7.5 to 10.3 μg/g dry weight (DW) of Provitamin A as measured by β-carotene equivalents (BCE). There was virtually no degradation due to milling. The BCE retention was also high (>100%) for most genotypes when the maize was cooked into thick (nshima) and thin porridge, but showed a lower BCE retention (53–98%) when cooked into samp (dehulled kernels). Most of the degradation occurred in the first 15 days of storage of the maize as kernels and ears (BCE retention 52–56%) which then stabilized, remaining between 30% and 33% of BCE after six months of storage. In conclusion, most of the Provitamin A degradation in biofortified maize hybrids occurred during storage compared with cooking and the magnitude of t...
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maize genotype and food matrix affect the Provitamin a carotenoid bioefficacy from staple and carrot fortified feeds in mongolian gerbils meriones unguiculatus
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Samantha Schmaelzle, Kevin V. Pixley, Natalia Palaciosrojas, Bryan M Gannon, Serra Crawford, Sara A Arscott, Shellen R Goltz, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:Biofortification to increase Provitamin A carotenoids is an agronomic approach to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Two studies compared biofortified foods using in vitro and in vivo methods. Study 1 screened maize genotypes (n = 44) using in vitro analysis, which demonstrated decreasing micellarization with increasing Provitamin A. Thereafter, seven 50% biofortified maize feeds that hypothesized a one-to-one equivalency between β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were fed to Mongolian gerbils. Total liver retinol differed among the maize groups (P = 0.0043). Study 2 assessed Provitamin A bioefficacy from 0.5% high-carotene carrots added to 60% staple-food feeds, followed by in vitro screening. Liver retinol was highest in the potato and banana groups, maize group retinol did not differ from baseline, and all treatments differed from control (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene have similar bioefficacy; meal matrix effects influence Provitamin A absorption from carrot; and in vitro micella...
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maize genotype and food matrix affect the Provitamin a carotenoid bioefficacy from staple and carrot fortified feeds in mongolian gerbils meriones unguiculatus
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Samantha Schmaelzle, Kevin V. Pixley, Natalia Palaciosrojas, Bryan M Gannon, Serra Crawford, Sara A Arscott, Shellen R Goltz, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:Biofortification to increase Provitamin A carotenoids is an agronomic approach to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Two studies compared biofortified foods using in vitro and in vivo methods. Study 1 screened maize genotypes (n = 44) using in vitro analysis, which demonstrated decreasing micellarization with increasing Provitamin A. Thereafter, seven 50% biofortified maize feeds that hypothesized a one-to-one equivalency between β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were fed to Mongolian gerbils. Total liver retinol differed among the maize groups (P = 0.0043). Study 2 assessed Provitamin A bioefficacy from 0.5% high-carotene carrots added to 60% staple-food feeds, followed by in vitro screening. Liver retinol was highest in the potato and banana groups, maize group retinol did not differ from baseline, and all treatments differed from control (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene have similar bioefficacy; meal matrix effects influence Provitamin A absorption from carrot; and in vitro micellarization does not predict bioefficacy.
Girum Azmach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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marker trait association analysis of functional gene markers for Provitamin a levels across diverse tropical yellow maize inbred lines
BMC Plant Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Abebe Menkir, Girum Azmach, Melaku Gedil, Charles SpillaneAbstract:Biofortification of staple crops is a cost effective and sustainable approach that can help combat vitamin A and other micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. PCR -based DNA markers distinguishing alleles of three key genes of maize endosperm carotenoid biosynthesis (PSY1, lcyE and crtRB1) have been developed to facilitate maize Provitamin A biofortification via marker assisted selection. Previous studies of these functional DNA markers revealed inconsistent effects. The germplasm previously employed for discovering and validating these functional markers was mainly of temperate origin containing low frequencies of the favourable allele of the most significant polymorphism, crtRB1-5′TE. Here, we investigate the vitamin A biofortification potential of these DNA markers in a germplasm panel of diverse tropical yellow maize inbred lines, with mixed genetic backgrounds of temperate and tropical germplasm to identify the most effective diagnostic markers for vitamin A biofortification. The functional DNA markers crtRB1-5′TE and crtRB1-3′TE were consistently and strongly associated with Provitamin A content across the tropical maize inbred lines tested. The alleles detected by these two functional markers were in high linkage disequilibrium (R2 = 0.75) and occurred in relatively high frequency (18%). Genotypes combining the favourable alleles at the two loci (N = 20) displayed a 3.22 fold average increase in β-carotene content compared to those genotypes lacking the favourable alleles (N = 106). The PSY1 markers were monomorphic across all of the inbred lines. The functional DNA markers for lcyE were associated with lutein, and with the ratio of carotenoids in the alpha and beta branches, but not with Provitamin A levels. However, the combined effects of the two genes were stronger than their individual effects on all carotenoids. Tropical maize inbred lines harbouring the favourable alleles of the crtRB1-5′TE and 3′TE functional markers produce higher levels of Provitamin A. Such maize lines can be used as donor parents to speed up the development of Provitamin A biofortified tropical maize varieties adapted to growing conditions and consumer preferences, providing a route towards mitigation of vitamin A malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Fabrice Vaillant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification and quantification of carotenoids by hplc dad during the process of peach palm bactris gasipaes h b k flour
Food Research International, 2011Co-Authors: Carolina Rojasgarbanzo, Ana Mercedes Pérez, Jairol Bustoscarmona, Fabrice VaillantAbstract:Abstract The identification and quantification of carotenoids has been carried out on tropical and non tropical fruits because of two important carotenoid's properties: as antioxidant compounds having a prevention role in some diseases, and as a source of Provitamin A needed for a good human nutrition. This study aimed to identify carotenoids present during different steps for producing flour from Costa Rican peach-palm fruit ( Bactris gasipaes H.B.K). Nine carotenoids were tentatively identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD in raw pulp, and 14 were detected in cooked pulp, the additional five being products of isomerization and hydroxylation of carotenoids in the raw pulp. The flour contained 13 carotenoids, one less (all- trans -α-criptoxanthin) than in cooked pulp, with the main one being all -trans β-carotene. This carotenoid was also present in raw pulp at a concentration of 96.0 ± 1.7 μg equiv. of β-carotene g −1 dw. The concentration decreased significantly ( P −1 dw in the flour. Flour production reduced ( P −1 dw, with a final retention rate of 63.7% by the end of the process. Moreover, 9 of the 14 carotenoids account for high levels of Provitamin A, which, even so, had decreased from 2723 retinol equivalents (RE) 100 g −1 in raw pulp to 1614 RE 100 g −1 in cooked pulp and 1289 RE 100 g −1 in flour. Provitamin A level is still high when compared to other common Provitamin A sources. Our study shows that while there is a change in the levels and profile of carotenoids during the peach-palm flour process, and a reduction of Provitamin A value, peach-palm fruit is a great source of bioactive compounds.
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identification and quantification of carotenoids by hplc dad during the process of peach palm bactris gasipaes h b k flour
Food Research International, 2011Co-Authors: Carolina Rojasgarbanzo, Ana Mercedes Pérez, Jairol Bustoscarmona, Fabrice VaillantAbstract:The identification and quantification of carotenoids has been carried out on tropical and non tropical fruits because of two important carotenoid's properties: as antioxidant compounds having a prevention role in some diseases, and as a source of Provitamin A needed for a good human nutrition. This study aimed to identify carotenoids present during different steps for producing flour fromCosta Rican peach-palmfruit (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K). Nine carotenoids were tentatively identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD in raw pulp, and 14 were detected in cooked pulp, the additional five being products of isomerization and hydroxylation of carotenoids in the raw pulp. The flour contained 13 carotenoids, one less (all-trans-?-criptoxanthin) than in cooked pulp, with themain one being all-trans ?-carotene. This carotenoidwas also present in rawpulp at a concentration of 96.0± 1.7 ?g equiv. of ?-carotene g?1 dw. The concentration decreased significantly (Pb0.05) during cooking and drying to reach a final concentration of 33.3±1.0 ?g equiv. ?-carotene g?1 dw in the flour. Flour production reduced (Pb0.05) the total carotenoid content from373.4 to 237.7 ?gof ?-carotene g?1dw,with a final retention rate of 63.7% by the end of the process. Moreover, 9 of the 14 carotenoids account for high levels of Provitamin A, which, even so, had decreased from 2723 retinol equivalents (RE) 100 g?1 in raw pulp to 1614 RE 100 g?1 in cooked pulp and 1289 RE 100 g?1 in flour. Provitamin A level is still high when compared to other common Provitamin A sources. Our study shows that while there is a change in the levels and profile of carotenoids during the peach-palm flour process, and a reduction of Provitamin A value, peach-palm fruit is a great source of bioactive compounds. (Resume d'auteur)
Charles Spillane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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marker trait association analysis of functional gene markers for Provitamin a levels across diverse tropical yellow maize inbred lines
BMC Plant Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Abebe Menkir, Girum Azmach, Melaku Gedil, Charles SpillaneAbstract:Biofortification of staple crops is a cost effective and sustainable approach that can help combat vitamin A and other micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. PCR -based DNA markers distinguishing alleles of three key genes of maize endosperm carotenoid biosynthesis (PSY1, lcyE and crtRB1) have been developed to facilitate maize Provitamin A biofortification via marker assisted selection. Previous studies of these functional DNA markers revealed inconsistent effects. The germplasm previously employed for discovering and validating these functional markers was mainly of temperate origin containing low frequencies of the favourable allele of the most significant polymorphism, crtRB1-5′TE. Here, we investigate the vitamin A biofortification potential of these DNA markers in a germplasm panel of diverse tropical yellow maize inbred lines, with mixed genetic backgrounds of temperate and tropical germplasm to identify the most effective diagnostic markers for vitamin A biofortification. The functional DNA markers crtRB1-5′TE and crtRB1-3′TE were consistently and strongly associated with Provitamin A content across the tropical maize inbred lines tested. The alleles detected by these two functional markers were in high linkage disequilibrium (R2 = 0.75) and occurred in relatively high frequency (18%). Genotypes combining the favourable alleles at the two loci (N = 20) displayed a 3.22 fold average increase in β-carotene content compared to those genotypes lacking the favourable alleles (N = 106). The PSY1 markers were monomorphic across all of the inbred lines. The functional DNA markers for lcyE were associated with lutein, and with the ratio of carotenoids in the alpha and beta branches, but not with Provitamin A levels. However, the combined effects of the two genes were stronger than their individual effects on all carotenoids. Tropical maize inbred lines harbouring the favourable alleles of the crtRB1-5′TE and 3′TE functional markers produce higher levels of Provitamin A. Such maize lines can be used as donor parents to speed up the development of Provitamin A biofortified tropical maize varieties adapted to growing conditions and consumer preferences, providing a route towards mitigation of vitamin A malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Guangwen Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic variation of carotenoids vitamin e and phenolic compounds in Provitamin a biofortified maize
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2017Co-Authors: Tawanda Muzhingi, Natalia Palaciosrojas, Alejandra Miranda, Maria Luisa Cabrera, Kyungj Yeum, Guangwen TangAbstract:Biofortified maize is not only a good vehicle for Provitamin A carotenoids for vitamin A deficient populations in developing countries but also a source of vitamin E, tocochromanols and phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant properties. Using high-performance liquid chromatography and a total antioxidant performance assay, the present study analyzed the antioxidant variation and antioxidant activity of 36 Provitamin A improved maize hybrids and one common yellow maize hybrid.; Results: The ranges of major carotenoids in Provitamin A carotenoids biofortified maize were zeaxanthin [1.2-13.2 µg g-1 dry weight (DW)], β-cryptoxanthin (1.3-8.8 µg g-1 DW) and β-carotene (1.3-8.0 µg g-1 DW). The ranges of vitamin E compounds identified in Provitamin A carotenoids biofortified maize were α-tocopherol (3.4-34.3 µg g-1 DW), γ-tocopherol (5.9-54.4 µg g-1 DW), α-tocotrienol (2.6-19.5 µg g-1 DW) and γ-tocotrienol (45.4 µg g-1 DW). The ranges of phenolic compounds were γ-oryzanol (0.0-0.8 mg g-1 DW), ferulic acid (0.4-3.6 mg g-1 DW) and p-coumaric acid (0.1-0.45 mg g-1 DW). There was significant correlation between α-tocopherol and cis isomers of β-carotene (P < 0.01). Tocotrienols were correlated with α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol (P < 0.01).; Conclusion: Genotype was significant in determining the variation in β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol contents (P < 0.01). A genotype × environment interaction was observed for γ-tocopherol content (P < 0.01). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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bioconversion of dietary Provitamin a carotenoids to vitamin a in humans
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Guangwen TangAbstract:Recent progress in the measurement of the bioconversion of dietary Provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A is reviewed in this article. Methods to assess the bioavailability and bioconversion of Provitamin A carotenoids have advanced significantly in the past 10 y, specifically through the use of stable isotope methodology, which includes the use of labeled plant foods. The effects of the food matrix on the bioconversion of Provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A, dietary fat effects, and the effect of genotype on the absorption and metabolism of beta-carotene have been reported recently. A summary of the major human studies that determined conversion factors for dietary beta-carotene to retinol is presented here, and these data show that the conversion efficiency of dietary beta-carotene to retinol is in the range of 3.6-28:1 by weight. There is a wide variation in conversion factors reported not only between different studies but also between individuals in a particular study. These findings show that the vitamin A value of individual plant foods rich in Provitamin A carotenoids may vary significantly and need further investigation.
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carotenoids as Provitamin a
Carotenoids Volume 5: nutrition and health, 2009Co-Authors: Guangwen Tang, Robert M RussellAbstract:In 1930, Moore discovered that β-carotene (3) could be converted in vivo into vitamin A [1]. Since then, the vitamin A values of β-carotene and other Provitamin A carotenoids, particularly α-carotene (7) and β-cryptoxanthin (55), have been investigated by various techniques. As discussed in Chapter 9, vitamin A nutrition is of worldwide interest; deficiency of the vitamin remains a problem in developing countries, affecting 75 to 140 million children [2]. Deficiency of vitamin A (VAD) can result in visual malfunction such as night blindness and xerophthalmia [3], and can impair immune function [4], resulting in an increased incidence and/or severity of respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections [5], and measles [6]. Vitamin A levels in HIV-positive children are lower than those in HIV-negative children [7]. Open image in new window
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determination of carotenoids in yellow maize the effects of saponification and food preparations
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2008Co-Authors: Tawanda Muzhingi, Robert M Russell, Kyungj Yeum, Elizabeth J Johnson, Guangwen TangAbstract:Maize is an important staple food consumed by millions of people in many countries. Yellow maize naturally contains carotenoids which not only provide Provitamin A carotenoids but also xanthophylls...
