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Guzman-davalos L. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) toxicity over Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca) [Evaluación de la toxicidad de Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) sobre Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca)]
    'Elsevier BV', 2013
    Co-Authors: Vega-villasante F., Ruiz-gonzalez L.e., Guzman-davalos L.
    Abstract:

    Background: Psilocybe cubensis is a species with Psychodysleptic action that grows on cattle dung in pastures in the tropics and subtropics. This fungus has been widely used in Mexico since ancient times both for ceremonies and rituals, as well as for healing or medicinal purposes. Artemia franciscana is a crustacean frequently used as a model organism for toxicity testing. Aims: With the objective of determining the toxicity of P. cubensis, the results of a study with the extract of P. cubensis on nauplii and adults of the brine shrimp A. franciscana are presented. Methods: Specimens were collected at Bahía de Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, and were dried and homogenized in artificial sea water. Bioassays were carried out on crystal vials filled with different concentrations of the extract of P. cubensis (EAP), and with potassium dichromate as reference toxic compound. The median lethal concentration (LC50) in nauplii and adults and the inhibition of cysts hatching in A. franciscana were calculated. Results: Nauplii showed a LC50=135μg/ml, while adults a LC50=172μg/ml. Cysts' hatching was inhibited by the EAP at all tested concentrations. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the extract of P. cubensis was toxic for nauplii and adults of A. franciscana. © 2011 Revista Iberoamericana de Micología

  • Evaluation of Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) toxicity over Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca) [Evaluaci�n de la toxicidad de Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) sobre Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca)]
    'Elsevier BV', 2013
    Co-Authors: Vega-villasante F., Ruiz-gonzalez L.e., Guzman-davalos L.
    Abstract:

    Background: Psilocybe cubensis is a species with Psychodysleptic action that grows on cattle dung in pastures in the tropics and subtropics. This fungus has been widely used in Mexico since ancient times both for ceremonies and rituals, as well as for healing or medicinal purposes. Artemia franciscana is a crustacean frequently used as a model organism for toxicity testing. Aims: With the objective of determining the toxicity of P. cubensis, the results of a study with the extract of P. cubensis on nauplii and adults of the brine shrimp A. franciscana are presented. Methods: Specimens were collected at Bah�a de Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, and were dried and homogenized in artificial sea water. Bioassays were carried out on crystal vials filled with different concentrations of the extract of P. cubensis (EAP), and with potassium dichromate as reference toxic compound. The median lethal concentration (LC50) in nauplii and adults and the inhibition of cysts hatching in A. franciscana were calculated. Results: Nauplii showed a LC50=135?g/ml, while adults a LC50=172?g/ml. Cysts' hatching was inhibited by the EAP at all tested concentrations. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the extract of P. cubensis was toxic for nauplii and adults of A. franciscana. � 2011 Revista Iberoamericana de Micolog�a

  • [Evaluation of Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) toxicity over Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca)]
    'Elsevier BV', 2013
    Co-Authors: Vega-villasante F., Guzman-davalos L.
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Psilocybe cubensis is a species with Psychodysleptic action that grows on cattle dung in pastures in the tropics and subtropics. This fungus has been widely used in Mexico since ancient times both for ceremonies and rituals, as well as for healing or medicinal purposes. Artemia franciscana is a crustacean frequently used as a model organism for toxicity testing. AIMS: With the objective of determining the toxicity of P. cubensis, the results of a study with the extract of P. cubensis on nauplii and adults of the brine shrimp A. franciscana are presented. METHODS: Specimens were collected at Bahia de Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, and were dried and homogenized in artificial sea water. Bioassays were carried out on crystal vials filled with different concentrations of the extract of P. cubensis (EAP), and with potassium dichromate as reference toxic compound. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) in nauplii and adults and the inhibition of cysts hatching in A. franciscana were calculated. RESULTS: Nauplii showed a LC(50) = 135 mug/ml, while adults a LC(50) = 172 mug/ml. Cysts' hatching was inhibited by the EAP at all tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, the extract of P. cubensis was toxic for nauplii and adults of A. franciscana.Copyright ┬® 2011 Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved

Edward Goldstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • rise in mortality involving poisoning by medicaments other than narcotics including poisoning by psychotropic drugs in different age racial groups in the us
    PLOS ONE, 2019
    Co-Authors: Edward Goldstein
    Abstract:

    Background Increase in mortality involving poisoning, particularly by narcotics, is known to have been one of the factors that affected life expectancy in the US during the last two decades, especially for white Americans and Native Americans. However, the contribution of medicaments other than narcotics to mortality in different racial/age groups is less studied. Methods We regressed annual rates of mortality involving poisoning by medicaments but not narcotics/Psychodysleptics (ICD-10 codes T36-39.xx or T41-50.8 but not T40.xx present as either underlying or contributing causes of death), as well as annual rates of mortality for certain subcategories of the above, including mortality involving poisoning by psychotropic drugs but not narcotics/Psychodysleptics (ICD-10 codes T43.xx but not T40.xx present as either underlying or contributing causes of death) in different age/racial groups for both the 2000–2011 period and the 2011–2017 period against calendar year. Results Annual numbers of deaths involving poisoning by medicaments but not narcotics/Psychodysleptics grew from 4,332 between 2000–2001 to 11,401 between 2016–2017, with the growth in the rates of those deaths being higher for the 2011–2017 period compared to the 2000–2011 period. The largest increases in the rates of mortality involving poisoning by medicaments but not narcotics/Psychodysleptics were in non-elderly Non-Hispanic Native Americans, followed by Non-Hispanic whites. Most of those increases came from increases in the rates of mortality involving poisoning by psychotropic medications; the latter rates grew for the period of 2015–2017 vs. 2000–2002 by factors ranging from 2.75 for ages 35-44y to 5.37 for ages 55-64y. Conclusions There were major increases in mortality involving poisoning by non-narcotic, particularly psychotropic medicaments, especially in non-elderly non-Hispanic whites and Native Americans. Our results support the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of psychotropic medications on health-related outcomes, including mortality for causes other than poisoning, and the impact of medication misuse.

  • rise in mortality involving poisoning by medicaments other than narcotics including poisoning by psychotropic and sedative hypnotic drugs in different age racial groups in the us
    bioRxiv, 2019
    Co-Authors: Edward Goldstein
    Abstract:

    Background: Life expectancy in white Americans has dropped during the last two decades compared to other major racial groups, and increase in mortality for poisoning, particularly by narcotics, is known to have been one of the contributing factors. However, the contribution of medicaments other than narcotics to mortality in different racial/age groups is less studied. Methods: We regressed annual rates of mortality involving poisoning by medicaments but not narcotics and Psychodysleptics (ICD-10 codes T36-39.xx or T41-50.8 but not T40.xx present as either underlying or contributing causes of death), as well as the annual rates of other mortality outcomes, including mortality involving poisoning by psychotropic drugs but not narcotics and Psychodysleptics (ICD-10 codes T43.xx but not T40.xx present as either underlying or contributing causes of death) in different age/racial groups for both the 2000-2011 period and the 2011-2017 period against calendar year. Results: The biggest increases in the rates of mortality per 100,000 individuals involving poisoning by medicaments but not narcotics and Psychodysleptics for both the 2000-2011 and 2011-2017 periods were in non-elderly Non-Hispanic Native Americans (with annual increases peaking at 0.41(0.18,0.64)/year for ages 35-44y between 2000-2011, and at 2.25(1.67,2.83)/year for ages 45-54y between 2011-2017), followed by Non-Hispanic whites (with annual increases peaking at 0.24(0.21,0.27)/year for ages 45-54y between 2000-2011, and at 0.58(0.45,0.7)/year for ages 45-54y between 2011-2017). Most of the increases in the rates of mortality involving poisoning by medicaments but not narcotics and Psychodysleptics came from increases in the rates of mortality involving poisoning by psychotropic drugs but not narcotics and Psychodysleptics; the latter rates for the overall US population grew for the period of 2015-2017 vs. 2000-2002 by a factor of 3.22 for ages 25-34y, 2.75 for ages 35-44y, 3.48 for ages 45-54y, 5.37 for ages 55-64y, and 3.94 for ages 65-74y, with those increases exceeding the growth in the rates of prescribing for psychotropic medications during that period. Additionally, there were no correlations between state-specific rates of mortality involving poisoning by psychotropic drugs but not narcotics/Psychodysleptics and state-specific rates of mortality involving poisoning by narcotics/Psychodysleptics (with negative, non-significant correlations between those rates), suggesting potential differences in factors behind those two epidemics. Conclusions: Rates of mortality involving poisoning by medicaments but not narcotics and Psychodysleptics, particularly poisoning by psychotropic drugs increased in different racial/age groups, especially in non-elderly non-Hispanic Native Americans and Non-Hispanic whites. Further work is needed to better understand the effects of medication, particularly phychotropic medicine prescribing and misuse on various health-related outcomes, including mortality that does not involve poisoning being present on the death certificate in different racial/age groups with the aim of informing prescribing guidelines.

Álamo Cecilio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • El Dioscórides de Andrés Laguna en los textos de Cervantes: de la materia medicinal al universo literario
    'Editorial CSIC', 2007
    Co-Authors: López-muñoz Francisco, Álamo Cecilio
    Abstract:

    The literary works of Miguel de Cervantes have been widely studied from numerous points of view, including the medical one. In the present work, we defend the hypothesis that the Andrés Laguna version of Dioscorides was the source used by Cervantes in his literary passages related to therapeutic aspects, especially in relation to plants with medicinal properties. This book, a copy of which was in Cervantes’ private library, is the only medical treatise cited by the novelist in any of his writings (Don Quixote). Apart from the medicinal plants mentioned in his works, of which we have identified chicory, oleander, henbane, opium poppy, rosemary, rhubarb, tobacco, tamarisk, seeds of spurge, and vervain, Cervantes also seemed familiar with the effects of different pharmaceutical preparations produced from plants (white ointment, Aparicio’s Oil, narcotic powders, etc.). Our hypothesis is backed up by Cervantes’ use of descriptions similar to those of Laguna in his Dioscorides (the hallucinogenic effects of witches’ ointments in The Colloquy of the Dogs, the therapeutic properties of rosemary in the treatment of wounds and traumatisms in Don Quixote, the narcotic effects of opium in The Jealous Extremaduran, the Psychodysleptic effects of some love potions in The Licentiate of Glass, or the toxic effects of some poisons in The Spanish-English Lady), and even, in some cases, by use of Laguna’s similar quotations (as in his reference to the purging of excessive bile in Don Quixote).La obra literaria de Miguel de Cervantes ha sido ampliamente estudiada desde numerosos puntos de vista, incluida la perspectiva médica. En el presente trabajo defendemos la hipótesis de que el Dioscórides de Andrés Laguna fuese la fuente utilizada por Cervantes en sus pasajes literarios relativos a aspectos terapéuticos, sobre todo en relación con las plantas dotadas de virtudes medicinales. Esta obra, existente en la biblioteca particular de Cervantes, es el único libro de carácter médico citado por el literato en toda su producción (El Quijote). Además de las plantas medicinales citadas en sus obras, de las que hemos identificado la achicoria, adelfa, beleño, opio, romero, ruibarbo, tabaco, tamarisco, tártago y verbena, Cervantes también parece conocer los efectos de diferentes preparados farmacéuticos elaborados a base de plantas medicinales (ungüento blanco, aceite de Aparicio, filtros narcóticos, etc.). Nuestra hipótesis se justifica en el empleo, por parte de Cervantes, de descripciones similares a las aportadas por Laguna en su Dioscorides (los efectos alucinógenos de los ungüentos de brujas en El coloquio de los perros, las propiedades terapéuticas del romero en el tratamiento de heridas y traumatismos en el Quijote, los efectos narcóticos del opio en El celoso extremeño, los efectos psicodislépticos de algunos filtros de amor en El licenciado Vidriera, los efectos tóxicos de algunos venenos en La española inglesa), e incluso, en algún caso, de citas casi literales de los comentarios de Laguna (el efecto purgante del exceso de cólera del romero en el Quijote)

Vega-villasante F. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) toxicity over Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca) [Evaluación de la toxicidad de Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) sobre Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca)]
    'Elsevier BV', 2013
    Co-Authors: Vega-villasante F., Ruiz-gonzalez L.e., Guzman-davalos L.
    Abstract:

    Background: Psilocybe cubensis is a species with Psychodysleptic action that grows on cattle dung in pastures in the tropics and subtropics. This fungus has been widely used in Mexico since ancient times both for ceremonies and rituals, as well as for healing or medicinal purposes. Artemia franciscana is a crustacean frequently used as a model organism for toxicity testing. Aims: With the objective of determining the toxicity of P. cubensis, the results of a study with the extract of P. cubensis on nauplii and adults of the brine shrimp A. franciscana are presented. Methods: Specimens were collected at Bahía de Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, and were dried and homogenized in artificial sea water. Bioassays were carried out on crystal vials filled with different concentrations of the extract of P. cubensis (EAP), and with potassium dichromate as reference toxic compound. The median lethal concentration (LC50) in nauplii and adults and the inhibition of cysts hatching in A. franciscana were calculated. Results: Nauplii showed a LC50=135μg/ml, while adults a LC50=172μg/ml. Cysts' hatching was inhibited by the EAP at all tested concentrations. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the extract of P. cubensis was toxic for nauplii and adults of A. franciscana. © 2011 Revista Iberoamericana de Micología

  • Evaluation of Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) toxicity over Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca) [Evaluaci�n de la toxicidad de Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) sobre Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca)]
    'Elsevier BV', 2013
    Co-Authors: Vega-villasante F., Ruiz-gonzalez L.e., Guzman-davalos L.
    Abstract:

    Background: Psilocybe cubensis is a species with Psychodysleptic action that grows on cattle dung in pastures in the tropics and subtropics. This fungus has been widely used in Mexico since ancient times both for ceremonies and rituals, as well as for healing or medicinal purposes. Artemia franciscana is a crustacean frequently used as a model organism for toxicity testing. Aims: With the objective of determining the toxicity of P. cubensis, the results of a study with the extract of P. cubensis on nauplii and adults of the brine shrimp A. franciscana are presented. Methods: Specimens were collected at Bah�a de Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, and were dried and homogenized in artificial sea water. Bioassays were carried out on crystal vials filled with different concentrations of the extract of P. cubensis (EAP), and with potassium dichromate as reference toxic compound. The median lethal concentration (LC50) in nauplii and adults and the inhibition of cysts hatching in A. franciscana were calculated. Results: Nauplii showed a LC50=135?g/ml, while adults a LC50=172?g/ml. Cysts' hatching was inhibited by the EAP at all tested concentrations. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the extract of P. cubensis was toxic for nauplii and adults of A. franciscana. � 2011 Revista Iberoamericana de Micolog�a

  • [Evaluation of Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) toxicity over Artemia franciscana (Crustacea, Anostraca)]
    'Elsevier BV', 2013
    Co-Authors: Vega-villasante F., Guzman-davalos L.
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Psilocybe cubensis is a species with Psychodysleptic action that grows on cattle dung in pastures in the tropics and subtropics. This fungus has been widely used in Mexico since ancient times both for ceremonies and rituals, as well as for healing or medicinal purposes. Artemia franciscana is a crustacean frequently used as a model organism for toxicity testing. AIMS: With the objective of determining the toxicity of P. cubensis, the results of a study with the extract of P. cubensis on nauplii and adults of the brine shrimp A. franciscana are presented. METHODS: Specimens were collected at Bahia de Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, and were dried and homogenized in artificial sea water. Bioassays were carried out on crystal vials filled with different concentrations of the extract of P. cubensis (EAP), and with potassium dichromate as reference toxic compound. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) in nauplii and adults and the inhibition of cysts hatching in A. franciscana were calculated. RESULTS: Nauplii showed a LC(50) = 135 mug/ml, while adults a LC(50) = 172 mug/ml. Cysts' hatching was inhibited by the EAP at all tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, the extract of P. cubensis was toxic for nauplii and adults of A. franciscana.Copyright ┬® 2011 Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved

Cecilio Álamo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • El Dioscórides de Andrés Laguna en los textos de Cervantes: de la materia medicinal al universo literario
    Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2007
    Co-Authors: Francisco López-muñoz, Cecilio Álamo
    Abstract:

    The literary works of Miguel de Cervantes have been widely studied from numerous points of view, including the medical one. In the present work, we defend the hypothesis that the Andrés Laguna version of Dioscorides was the source used by Cervantes in his literary passages related to therapeutic aspects, especially in relation to plants with medicinal properties. This book, a copy of which was in Cervantes’ private library, is the only medical treatise cited by the novelist in any of his writings (Don Quixote). Apart from the medicinal plants mentioned in his works, of which we have identified chicory, oleander, henbane, opium poppy, rosemary, rhubarb, tobacco, tamarisk, seeds of spurge, and vervain, Cervantes also seemed familiar with the effects of different pharmaceutical preparations produced from plants (white ointment, Aparicio’s Oil, narcotic powders, etc.). Our hypothesis is backed up by Cervantes’ use of descriptions similar to those of Laguna in his Dioscorides (the hallucinogenic effects of witches’ ointments in The Colloquy of the Dogs, the therapeutic properties of rosemary in the treatment of wounds and traumatisms in Don Quixote, the narcotic effects of opium in The Jealous Extremaduran, the Psychodysleptic effects of some love potions in The Licentiate of Glass, or the toxic effects of some poisons in The Spanish-English Lady), and even, in some cases, by use of Laguna’s similar quotations (as in his reference to the purging of excessive bile in Don Quixote)