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Richard G Olmstead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Origins of North American arid‐land Verbenaceae: More than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura A. Frost, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Patricia Lu-irving, Nataly O'leary, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
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origins of north american arid land Verbenaceae more than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura Frost, Patricia Luirving, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Nataly Oleary, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
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a species level phylogenetic study of the Verbena complex Verbenaceae indicates two independent intergeneric chloroplast transfers
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2008Co-Authors: Yaowu Yuan, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:Two major impediments to infer plant phylogenies at inter- or intra- species level include the lack of appropriate molecular markers and the gene tree/species tree discordance. Both of these problems require more extensive investigations. One of the foci of this study is examining the phylogenetic utility of a combined chloroplast DNA dataset ( > 5.0 kb) of seven non-coding regions, in comparison with that of a large fragment (ca. 3.0 kb) of a low-copy nuclear gene (waxy), in a recent, rapidly diversifying group, the Verbena complex. The complex includes three very closely related genera, Verbena (base chromosome number x = 7), Glandularia (x = 5), and Junellia (x = 10), comprising some 150 species distributed predominantly in South and North America. Our results confirm the inadequacy of non-coding cpDNA in resolving relationships among closely related species due to lack of variation, and the great potential of low-copy nuclear gene as source of variation. However, this study suggests that when both cpDNA and nuclear DNA are employed in low-level phylogenetic studies, cpDNA might be very useful to infer organelle evolutionary history (e.g., chloroplast transfer) and more comprehensively understand the evolutionary history of organisms. The phylogenetic framework of the Verbena complex resulted from this study suggests that Junellia is paraphyletic and most ancestral among the three genera; both Glandularia and Verbena are monophyletic and have been derived from within Junellia. Implications of this phylogenetic framework to understand chromosome number evolution and biogeography are discussed. Most interestingly, the comparison of the cpDNA and nuclear DNA phylogenies indicates two independent intergeneric chloroplast transfers, both from Verbena to Glandularia. One is from a diploid North American Verbena species to a polyploid North American Glandularia species. The other is more ancient, from the South American Verbena group to the common ancestor of a major Glandularia lineage, which has radiated subsequently in both South and North America. The commonly assumed introgressive hybridization may not explain the chloroplast transfers reported here. The underlying mechanism remains uncertain.
Nataly Oleary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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origins of north american arid land Verbenaceae more than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura Frost, Patricia Luirving, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Nataly Oleary, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
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revision taxonomica de las especies del genero Verbena Verbenaceae ii serie Verbena
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2010Co-Authors: Nataly Oleary, Maria Ema Mulgura, Osvaldo MorroneAbstract:Verbena L. (Verbenaceae) is represented by 44 species, mainly distributed in America, with two species distributed in temperate regions from both hemispheres: V. officinalis L. and V. supina L. South American species are morphologically different from North American species and are placed in two separate series: Verbena ser. Pachystachyae Schauer and series Verbena, respectively. In the present treatment, Verbena ser. Verbena taxa are described. This series includes 26 species, placed in three informal groups: Verbena, Hastatae, and Bracteosae. Detailed morphological descriptions are given for each taxon, as well as keys for their identification, illustrations, actualized synonymy with 56 new synonymized species (Appendix 3), and discussions of relationships between closely related taxa. Two new combinations are introduced: V. gracilescens (Cham.) Herter var. swiftiana (Moldenke) N. O'Leary and V. simplex Lehm. var. orcuttiana (L. M. Perry) N. O'Leary; nine species are lectotypified: V. bracteata Lag. & Rodr., V. bracteosa Michx. var. brevibracteata A. Gray, V. carolina L., V. domingensis Urb., V. officinalis var. gracilescens Cham., V. hastata L., V. hirsuta M. Martens & Galeotti, V. riparia Raf. ex Small & A. Heller, and V. urticifolia L. var. simplex Farw.; and six species are neotypified: V. ehrenbergiana Schauer, V. lasiostachys Link, V. roemeriana Scheele, V. simplex Lehm., V. spuria L., and V. xutha Lehm.
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revision taxonomica de las especies del genero Verbena Verbenaceae serie pachystachyae1
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2007Co-Authors: Nataly Oleary, Maria Ema Mulgura, Osvaldo MorroneAbstract:Abstract Verbena L. comprende ca. 45 especies; el genero es mayoritariamente americano con unas pocas especies de distribucion mundial. Se presenta un tratamiento taxonomico para el genero Verbena serie Pachystachyae Schauer; esta serie incluye 18 especies de distribucion principalmente sudamericana. En el presente tratamiento se trata bajo la serie Pachystachyae dos subseries: Pachystachyae y la nueva subserie Pseudoracemosae N. O'Leary, estableciendo los caracteres diagnosticos de las mismas. Se proporcionan descripciones detalladas de todos los taxones, claves para identificarlos, ilustraciones, una sinonimia actualizada con 43 nuevos sinonimos, y se discuten las relaciones entre taxones afines. Se introducen dos nuevas combinaciones: Verbena hispida var. obovata (Moldenke) N. O'Leary y V. litoralis var. brevibracteata (Kuntze) N. O'Leary; un nombre nuevo: V. subpetiolata N. O'Leary; se funda la subserie nueva Pseudoracemosae; y se presenta la lectotipificacion de V. bonariensis L. f. robustior Chodat,...
Laura Frost - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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origins of north american arid land Verbenaceae more than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura Frost, Patricia Luirving, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Nataly Oleary, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
Sarah Mcadams Tyson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Origins of North American arid‐land Verbenaceae: More than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura A. Frost, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Patricia Lu-irving, Nataly O'leary, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
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origins of north american arid land Verbenaceae more than one way to skin a cat
American Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Laura Frost, Patricia Luirving, Sarah Mcadams Tyson, Nataly Oleary, Richard G OlmsteadAbstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Verbenaceae originated and initially diversified in South America in wet forest habitats. They have diversified extensively in arid habitats in both South and North America. This study aims to understand the origin of the North American arid-land members of Verbenaceae. METHODS: A phylogenetic approach is used to examine four genera (Aloysia, Citharexylum, Glandularia, Verbena) in three distinct clades with representatives in North American deserts and disjunct South and North American distributions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included both plastid and nuclear DNA regions and include the first study of Citharexylum and an expanded sampling of tribe Verbeneae (Glandularia and Verbena). Ancestral areas were reconstructed for each group. KEY RESULTS: North American desert species of Aloysia and Glandularia were likely derived from ancestors in arid temperate South America, perhaps by long-distance dispersal. The pattern for Verbena was less clear, with evidence from plastid DNA implicating an Andean dispersal route to the North American clade, whereas nuclear data suggest that the Andean and North American species resulted from independent dispersals from southern South America. A previously unrecognized clade of Andean Verbeneae was discovered, raising the possibility of an Andean origin of Verbena or Verbena and Glandularia. North American desert species of Citharexylum represent multiple, independent origins from mesic habitat ancestors in Mesoamerica. CONCLUSIONS: North American arid-zone Verbenaceae are derived from South and Central American ancestors via multiple avenues, including long-distance, amphitropical dispersal, Andean migration corridors, and in situ evolution of desert-adapted species.
Osvaldo Morrone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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revision taxonomica de las especies del genero Verbena Verbenaceae ii serie Verbena
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2010Co-Authors: Nataly Oleary, Maria Ema Mulgura, Osvaldo MorroneAbstract:Verbena L. (Verbenaceae) is represented by 44 species, mainly distributed in America, with two species distributed in temperate regions from both hemispheres: V. officinalis L. and V. supina L. South American species are morphologically different from North American species and are placed in two separate series: Verbena ser. Pachystachyae Schauer and series Verbena, respectively. In the present treatment, Verbena ser. Verbena taxa are described. This series includes 26 species, placed in three informal groups: Verbena, Hastatae, and Bracteosae. Detailed morphological descriptions are given for each taxon, as well as keys for their identification, illustrations, actualized synonymy with 56 new synonymized species (Appendix 3), and discussions of relationships between closely related taxa. Two new combinations are introduced: V. gracilescens (Cham.) Herter var. swiftiana (Moldenke) N. O'Leary and V. simplex Lehm. var. orcuttiana (L. M. Perry) N. O'Leary; nine species are lectotypified: V. bracteata Lag. & Rodr., V. bracteosa Michx. var. brevibracteata A. Gray, V. carolina L., V. domingensis Urb., V. officinalis var. gracilescens Cham., V. hastata L., V. hirsuta M. Martens & Galeotti, V. riparia Raf. ex Small & A. Heller, and V. urticifolia L. var. simplex Farw.; and six species are neotypified: V. ehrenbergiana Schauer, V. lasiostachys Link, V. roemeriana Scheele, V. simplex Lehm., V. spuria L., and V. xutha Lehm.
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revision taxonomica de las especies del genero Verbena Verbenaceae serie pachystachyae1
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2007Co-Authors: Nataly Oleary, Maria Ema Mulgura, Osvaldo MorroneAbstract:Abstract Verbena L. comprende ca. 45 especies; el genero es mayoritariamente americano con unas pocas especies de distribucion mundial. Se presenta un tratamiento taxonomico para el genero Verbena serie Pachystachyae Schauer; esta serie incluye 18 especies de distribucion principalmente sudamericana. En el presente tratamiento se trata bajo la serie Pachystachyae dos subseries: Pachystachyae y la nueva subserie Pseudoracemosae N. O'Leary, estableciendo los caracteres diagnosticos de las mismas. Se proporcionan descripciones detalladas de todos los taxones, claves para identificarlos, ilustraciones, una sinonimia actualizada con 43 nuevos sinonimos, y se discuten las relaciones entre taxones afines. Se introducen dos nuevas combinaciones: Verbena hispida var. obovata (Moldenke) N. O'Leary y V. litoralis var. brevibracteata (Kuntze) N. O'Leary; un nombre nuevo: V. subpetiolata N. O'Leary; se funda la subserie nueva Pseudoracemosae; y se presenta la lectotipificacion de V. bonariensis L. f. robustior Chodat,...
