The Experts below are selected from a list of 38379 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matt Field - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fluctuating disinhibition implications for the understanding and treatment of alcohol and other substance use disorders
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Andrew Jones, Chantal Nederkoorn, Katrijn Houben, Paul Christiansen, Matt FieldAbstract:Disinhibition is present in various maladaptive behaviours, including substance use disorders. Most previous research has assumed that disinhibition is a Psychological Construct that is relatively stable within individuals. However, recent evidence suggests that the ability to inhibit behaviour fluctuates in response to environmental and Psychological triggers. In this review we discuss some of the factors that cause (dis)inhibition to fluctuate, we examine whether these fluctuations contribute to subjective craving and substance consumption, and we ask if they might increase the risk of relapse in those who are attempting to abstain. The research that we discuss has furthered our understanding of the causal relationships between disinhibition and substance use disorders, and it also highlights opportunities to develop novel treatment interventions. We conclude that substance misusers and their therapists should be made aware of the triggers that can cause disinhibition to fluctuate, and we highlight the need for more research to investigate the effectiveness of inhibitory control training in clinical settings.
Andrew Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fluctuating disinhibition implications for the understanding and treatment of alcohol and other substance use disorders
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Andrew Jones, Chantal Nederkoorn, Katrijn Houben, Paul Christiansen, Matt FieldAbstract:Disinhibition is present in various maladaptive behaviours, including substance use disorders. Most previous research has assumed that disinhibition is a Psychological Construct that is relatively stable within individuals. However, recent evidence suggests that the ability to inhibit behaviour fluctuates in response to environmental and Psychological triggers. In this review we discuss some of the factors that cause (dis)inhibition to fluctuate, we examine whether these fluctuations contribute to subjective craving and substance consumption, and we ask if they might increase the risk of relapse in those who are attempting to abstain. The research that we discuss has furthered our understanding of the causal relationships between disinhibition and substance use disorders, and it also highlights opportunities to develop novel treatment interventions. We conclude that substance misusers and their therapists should be made aware of the triggers that can cause disinhibition to fluctuate, and we highlight the need for more research to investigate the effectiveness of inhibitory control training in clinical settings.
Terry E. Goldberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Formal Thought Disorder and Semantic Memory in Schizophrenia
CNS Spectrums, 1997Co-Authors: Brita Elvevåg, Terry E. GoldbergAbstract:AbstractIn this article, we review attempts to account for the thought disorder present in some schizophrenic patients in terms of cognitive deficits in the domains of working memory, attention, language, and semantic memory. Although each Psychological Construct can account for some of the data described here, establishment of a primary cognitive impairment responsible for thought disorder is not forthcoming, perhaps due to its underlying multidimensional pathology. While the relationship of working memory, attention, and language processing to thought disorder is ambiguous, semantic memory is emerging as a promising Construct, that may yield insight into cognitive mechanisms that underlie thought disorder and neuroleptic responsiveness.
Thomas Jacobsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Towards a Psychological Construct of being moved
PLoS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Winfried Menninghaus, Julian Hanich, Milena Kuehnast, Eugen Wassiliwizky, Valentin Wagner, Thomas JacobsenAbstract:The emotional state of being moved, though frequently referred to in both classical rhetoric and current language use, is far from established as a well-defined Psychological Construct. In a series of three studies, we investigated eliciting scenarios, emotional ingredients, appraisal patterns, feeling qualities, and the affective signature of being moved and related emotional states. The great majority of the eliciting scenarios can be assigned to significant relationship and critical life events (especially death, birth, marriage, separation, and reunion). Sadness and joy turned out to be the two preeminent emotions involved in episodes of being moved. Both the sad and the joyful variants of being moved showed a coactivation of positive and negative affect and can thus be ranked among the mixed emotions. Moreover, being moved, while featuring only low-to-mid arousal levels, was experienced as an emotional state of high intensity; this applied to responses to fictional artworks no less than to own-life and other real, but media-represented, events. The most distinctive findings regarding cognitive appraisal dimensions were very low ratings for causation of the event by oneself and for having the power to change its outcome, along with very high ratings for appraisals of compatibility with social norms and self-ideals. Putting together the characteristics identified and discussed throughout the three studies, the paper ends with a sketch of a Psychological Construct of being moved.
Amy B Adler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
correlates and consequences of morale versus depression under stressful conditions
Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas W Britt, James M Dickinson, Dewayne Moore, Carl A Castro, Amy B AdlerAbstract:The role of morale as a positive Psychological Construct distinct from the Construct of depression was examined using data from a longitudinal study of 1,685 U.S. soldiers on a peacekeeping mission to Kosovo. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed morale was best predicted by indices of engagement in meaningful work and confidence in unit functioning and leadership, whereas depression was best predicted by deployment stressors and negative events. Morale assessed during the deployment was related to perceiving benefits from deploying six months later, whereas depression was related to posttraumatic stress disorder and negative perceptions of deploying. The relationship between morale and benefits was a function of engagement in meaningful work. Discussion focuses on the importance of longitudinal research in specifying the antecedents of positive and negative outcomes of a stressful work environment.
