The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Philippe Rombaux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
cortical plasticity and olfactory function in early blindness
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Rodrigo Araneda, Philippe Rombaux, Laurent Renier, Isabel Cuevas, Anne De VolderAbstract:Over the last decade, functional brain imaging has provided insight in the maturation processes and has helped elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in brain plasticity in the absence of vision. In case of congenital blindness, drastic changes occur within the deafferented “visual” cortex that starts receiving and processing nonvisual inputs, including olfactory stimuli. This functional reorganization of the occipital cortex gives rise to compensatory perceptual and cognitive mechanisms that help blind persons to achieve perceptual tasks, leading to superior olfactory abilities in these subjects. This view receives support from Psychophysical Testing, volumetric measurements and functional brain imaging studies in humans, which are presented here.
-
chemosensory function assessed with Psychophysical Testing and event related potentials in patients with atrophic rhinitis
European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology, 2012Co-Authors: Caroline Huart, Philippe Eloy, Stephanie Collet, Philippe RombauxAbstract:Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammation of the nose characterized by an atrophy of the nasal mucosa. This is typically associated with an impaired sense of smell and a subjective sensation of poor nasal breathing. The aim of this study is to assess chemosensory function in patients suffering from AR using Psychophysical Testings and event-related potentials (ERP) responses. A cohort of nine patients was extensively studied. Eight out of nine had secondary AR sequela of a bilateral total inferior turbinectomy whereas one patient had a primary AR. All the patients had a clinical evaluation using Sniffin' Sticks test and a retro-olfaction test and an electrophysiological evaluation based upon ERPs obtained after both olfactory and trigeminal stimuli. All the patients complained of a poor nasal breathing and presented a distortion of the chemosensory function. Actually, the orthonasal Psychophysical Testing showed that four patients out of nine had anosmia, three out of nine had hyposmia and two out of nine were normosmic. All the patients demonstrated retro-olfaction scores inferior to the normal values. The chemosensory ERP showed that seven patients had no olfactory response whereas six had no trigeminal response. Four patients had neither olfactory nor trigeminal ERP response. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that most patients with AR secondary to a total bilateral inferior turbinectomy have a reduction of the chemosensory function measured objectively by Psychophysical Testings and ERP [corrected].
-
olfactory bulb volume and depth of olfactory sulcus in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss
European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology, 2010Co-Authors: Philippe Rombaux, H. Potier, E. Markessis, Thierry Duprez, Thomas HummelAbstract:Olfactory loss is considered as idiopathic (IOL) when no cause can be found, neither on the basis of a standardized history nor a thorough clinical evaluation. Olfactory bulb volume (OB) has been shown to be decreased in patients with olfactory loss due to trauma, infections, or sinonasal disease. However, OB volume has not yet been investigated in IOL patients. Twenty-two patients with IOL were compared with 22 controls in terms of olfactory performance and of OB volume assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Psychophysical Testing confirmed that patients had lower scores than controls: P < 0.001 for threshold (T), discrimination (D), identification (I) and global TDI score. Mean right, left and total OB volumes were significantly smaller for IOL patients as compared to controls. Both for IOL and controls, there was a significant correlation between odor thresholds and total OB volume, respectively. In conclusion, patients with IOL have decreased olfactory function and decreased OB volume when compared with controls. This was previously demonstrated for patients with postinfectious or posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction, but not for patients with uneventful conditions possibly damaging their olfactory apparatus.
-
usefulness and feasibility of Psychophysical and electrophysiological olfactory Testing in the rhinology clinic
Rhinology, 2009Co-Authors: Philippe Rombaux, Philippe Eloy, Stephanie Collet, Andre Mouraux, Bernard BertrandAbstract:TOPIC: Olfactory dysfunction may be assessed in the clinic with Psychophysical Testing and electrophysiological recording. Chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs) constitute an objective method to assess chemosensory function. Olfactory and trigeminal stimuli activate chemoreceptors from the olfactory neuroepithelium and from the nasal mucosa to evoke an electrophysiological response respectively called olfactory (OERPs) and trigeminal ERPs (TERPs). The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness and feasibility of these diagnostic tools in the rhinology clinic and to correlate these results to the olfactory disorder aetiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study encompasses a cohort of 229 patients with a complaint of olfactory dysfunction from different origins. Orthonasal (Sniffing stick test with the treshold-discrimination-identification score: maximal score 48) and retronasal olfactory (maximal score 20) Testing as well as CSERPs both after olfactory and trigeminal stimuli have been routinely performed. Olfactory dysfunction aetiologies were as follows: congenital (Cong.), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), idiopathic (Idiop.), post-medication (PM), neurologic (Neuro.), post-traumatic (PT) and post-infection (PI). RESULTS: Mean orthonasal and retronasal scores were respectively: 11.8 and 10.1 for Cong., 18.5 and 13.1 for CRS, 15.6 and 10.4 for Idiop., 15.3 and 10.2 for PM, 17 and 10.6 for Neuro., 15 and 9.9 for PT and 18.3 and 12 for PI. Correlations between orthonasal and retronasal scores were present for all subgroups except congenital and chronic rhinosinusitis subgroups. Orthonasal and retronasal scores were different (p < 0.05) when comparing CRS vs Cong., CRS vs PT and PT vs PI. Technical problems (olfactometer or olfactory stimulation, EEG amplifier,...) and patients discomfort (anxiety, stress,...) did not allow to draw any conclusion in 2 patients. Three patients after olfactory stimulus and 6 patients after trigeminal stimulus demonstrated too much eye blinking or muscular artifacts that did not allow us to perform electrophysiological analysis and averaging as 60% of artifact-free recording was not achieved. Olfactory ERPs were recorded in 28% of the patients and trigeminal ERPs were obtained in almost every patient (95%). There was no statistical difference between each subgroup regarding the presence or absence of OERPs. CONCLUSIONS: Psychophysical olfactory Testing is a useful method to assess olfactory function in patients with olfactory loss and may help us to obtain a semi-objective and a basal evaluation of the olfactory performances. Feasibility and usefulness of CSERPs are also underlined in this study with only a limited number of patients who did not complete the examination. Psychophysical Testing gives different results according to the aetiology of the olfactory disorder, which was not the case for electrophysiological recording. Olfactory acuity assessment should be based on Psychophysical and CSERPs evaluation in a clinical setting.
-
how to measure olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth
B-ent, 2009Co-Authors: Philippe Rombaux, Cécile Grandin, Thierry DuprezAbstract:In combination with Psychophysical Testing and electrophysiological studies, magnetic resonance imaging plays a role in the clinical evaluation of patients with an olfactory dysfunction. Quantitative measurements of olfactory bulb volume and of olfactory sulcus depth, and the morphological depiction of structural abnormalities, make synergistic contributions to the accurate radiological diagnosis of smell dysfunction. Moreover, the plasticity of our olfactory system can be demonstrated by temporal changes in OB volumetric measurements. In this paper, we provide an outline of how to measure olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth, with numerous illustrative cases of patients with congenital anosmia, post-infectious or posttraumatic olfactory loss and sinonasal-related olfactory dysfunction.
Sven Saussez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
objective olfactory evaluation of self reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 covid 19 patients
Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 2020Co-Authors: Jér̂ome René Lechien, Pierre Cabaraux, Mohamad Khalife, Stéphane Hans, Delphine Martiny, Fabrice Journe, Leigh J. Sowerby, Carlos M Chiesaestomba, Christian Calvohenriquez, Sven SaussezAbstract:Abstract Objective To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild COVID-19 through patient-reported outcome questionnaires and objective Psychophysical Testing. Methods COVID-19 patients with self-reported sudden-onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sino-nasal outcome-22 (SNOT-22). Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES). Objective OD was evaluated using Psychophysical tests. Results Eighty-six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%) and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self-reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory Testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. Conclusion A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective Testing.
-
Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID-19 patients
Head and Neck, 2020Co-Authors: Jér̂ome René Lechien, Pierre Cabaraux, Carlos Miguel Chiesa-estomba, Mohamad Khalife, Stéphane Hans, Christian E. Calvo-henriquez, Delphine Martiny, Fabrice Journe, Leigh J. Sowerby, Sven SaussezAbstract:Objective: To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through patient-reported outcome questionnaires and objective Psychophysical Testing. Methods: COVID-19 patients with self-reported sudden-onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sinonasal outcome-22. Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Objective OD was evaluated using Psychophysical tests. Results: Eighty-six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%), and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self-reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory Testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. Conclusion: A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective Testing.
Thomas Hummel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
age related changes of gustatory function depend on alteration of neuronal circuits
Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2017Co-Authors: Emilia Iannilli, Franziska Broy, Severine Kunz, Thomas HummelAbstract:Studies on age-related gustatory function report a reduction of the taste function, but the degeneration of the peripheral papillae alone cannot explain this reduction. In the present study, we apply psychophysics and gustatory event–related potentials (gERPs) to explore age-related differences in the processing of gustatory information as indicated by the cerebral sources of the gERP. A total of 96 subjects (47 female), subdivided into four groups with increasing age, participated in the study. After olfactory and gustatory screening for normal function, the subjects were invited to two sessions of gERP acquisition. They received a randomized combination of five isointense basic tastants that were presented at a medium level. At the same time, we recorded scalp electroencephalography (EEG) from 128 scalp locations. Psychophysical Testing for smell and taste function exhibited a significant decrease with age. Topographical analyses of the EEG delineated four basic topographical maps that explained the processing of taste in the pre-decline age range, with sources inside the relevant gustatory areas. The age-related change of gustatory processing was associated with the absence of a specific map with sources inside the cerebellum and posterior insula, and the temporal broadening of a map with sources in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus. These results confirm the hypothesis that the reduction of taste function with aging is not only due to degradation of gustatory peripheral tissues but is also related to different neural signatures in the central nervous system.
-
olfactory bulb volume and depth of olfactory sulcus in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss
European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology, 2010Co-Authors: Philippe Rombaux, H. Potier, E. Markessis, Thierry Duprez, Thomas HummelAbstract:Olfactory loss is considered as idiopathic (IOL) when no cause can be found, neither on the basis of a standardized history nor a thorough clinical evaluation. Olfactory bulb volume (OB) has been shown to be decreased in patients with olfactory loss due to trauma, infections, or sinonasal disease. However, OB volume has not yet been investigated in IOL patients. Twenty-two patients with IOL were compared with 22 controls in terms of olfactory performance and of OB volume assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Psychophysical Testing confirmed that patients had lower scores than controls: P < 0.001 for threshold (T), discrimination (D), identification (I) and global TDI score. Mean right, left and total OB volumes were significantly smaller for IOL patients as compared to controls. Both for IOL and controls, there was a significant correlation between odor thresholds and total OB volume, respectively. In conclusion, patients with IOL have decreased olfactory function and decreased OB volume when compared with controls. This was previously demonstrated for patients with postinfectious or posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction, but not for patients with uneventful conditions possibly damaging their olfactory apparatus.
-
differences between orthonasal and retronasal olfactory functions in patients with loss of the sense of smell
Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 2005Co-Authors: Basile Nicolas Landis, Johannes Frasnelli, Jens Reden, Jean Silvain Lacroix, Thomas HummelAbstract:Objective To investigate differences between orthonasal and retronasal olfaction in patients with loss of the sense of smell without taste complaints. Design Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Testing of orthonasal and retronasal olfactory functions. Setting Outpatient clinics. Patients A series of 18 patients who had olfactory loss due to various reasons but no “taste” complaints. Main Outcome Measures Orthonasal and retronasal olfactory functions assessed by olfactory event–related potentials and Psychophysical smell tests. Results Psychophysical Testing revealed retronasal olfaction to be normal or slightly altered, whereas orthonasal olfaction was either absent or severely compromised. Findings from nasal endoscopic examinations and computed tomographic scans were within the reference range in all subjects. In response to orthonasal stimulation there were neither detectable olfactory event–related potentials nor any with small amplitudes, whereas olfactory event–related potentials in response to retronasal stimulation were clearly present in some patients. Conclusion These clinical observations, together with the Psychophysical and electrophysiological findings, suggest that orthonasal and retronasal olfaction might be processed differently.
Jér̂ome René Lechien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
objective olfactory evaluation of self reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 covid 19 patients
Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 2020Co-Authors: Jér̂ome René Lechien, Pierre Cabaraux, Mohamad Khalife, Stéphane Hans, Delphine Martiny, Fabrice Journe, Leigh J. Sowerby, Carlos M Chiesaestomba, Christian Calvohenriquez, Sven SaussezAbstract:Abstract Objective To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild COVID-19 through patient-reported outcome questionnaires and objective Psychophysical Testing. Methods COVID-19 patients with self-reported sudden-onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sino-nasal outcome-22 (SNOT-22). Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES). Objective OD was evaluated using Psychophysical tests. Results Eighty-six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%) and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self-reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory Testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. Conclusion A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective Testing.
-
Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID-19 patients
Head and Neck, 2020Co-Authors: Jér̂ome René Lechien, Pierre Cabaraux, Carlos Miguel Chiesa-estomba, Mohamad Khalife, Stéphane Hans, Christian E. Calvo-henriquez, Delphine Martiny, Fabrice Journe, Leigh J. Sowerby, Sven SaussezAbstract:Objective: To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through patient-reported outcome questionnaires and objective Psychophysical Testing. Methods: COVID-19 patients with self-reported sudden-onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sinonasal outcome-22. Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Objective OD was evaluated using Psychophysical tests. Results: Eighty-six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%), and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self-reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory Testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. Conclusion: A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective Testing.
Pierre Cabaraux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
objective olfactory evaluation of self reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 covid 19 patients
Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 2020Co-Authors: Jér̂ome René Lechien, Pierre Cabaraux, Mohamad Khalife, Stéphane Hans, Delphine Martiny, Fabrice Journe, Leigh J. Sowerby, Carlos M Chiesaestomba, Christian Calvohenriquez, Sven SaussezAbstract:Abstract Objective To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild COVID-19 through patient-reported outcome questionnaires and objective Psychophysical Testing. Methods COVID-19 patients with self-reported sudden-onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sino-nasal outcome-22 (SNOT-22). Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES). Objective OD was evaluated using Psychophysical tests. Results Eighty-six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%) and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self-reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory Testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. Conclusion A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective Testing.
-
Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID-19 patients
Head and Neck, 2020Co-Authors: Jér̂ome René Lechien, Pierre Cabaraux, Carlos Miguel Chiesa-estomba, Mohamad Khalife, Stéphane Hans, Christian E. Calvo-henriquez, Delphine Martiny, Fabrice Journe, Leigh J. Sowerby, Sven SaussezAbstract:Objective: To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through patient-reported outcome questionnaires and objective Psychophysical Testing. Methods: COVID-19 patients with self-reported sudden-onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sinonasal outcome-22. Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Objective OD was evaluated using Psychophysical tests. Results: Eighty-six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%), and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self-reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory Testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. Conclusion: A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective Testing.