The Experts below are selected from a list of 186 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Diego Montano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a Psychosocial Theory of sick leave put to the test in the european working conditions survey 2010 2015
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2020
    Co-Authors: Diego Montano
    Abstract:

    In the present investigation a Psychosocial Theory of sick leave is proposed which integrates work-related determinants, health effects of particular work characteristics, and workers’ health status. In addition, the Theory explicitly formulates a series of mediators and moderators of the associations between work-related determinants and sick leave. On the basis of the theoretical assumptions and previous research findings, a series of research hypotheses are investigated with survey data. The study is based on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2010 and 2015 (n = 59,790). The research hypotheses are investigated by means of generalised linear mixed models within the framework of hierarchical Bayesian regression models and Markov Chain algorithms. The Theory is assessed by estimating three so-called hurdle models, which take into account the excess zeros usually observed in sick leave rates. In general, the findings provide evidence of the adequacy of the Theory explaining the observed variation of sick-leave rates. Several biomechanical and Psychosocial characteristics of the working environment, occupation, age, and the subjective assessment of health status were found to be strongly associated with both the likelihood of being in sick leave and the length of sick-leave spells. The Theory and the findings of the present study may serve as a basis for the development and implementation of occupational health interventions aiming to reduce sick-leave rates in organisations.

  • A Psychosocial Theory of sick leave put to the test in the European Working Conditions Survey 2010–2015
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2019
    Co-Authors: Diego Montano
    Abstract:

    PurposeIn the present investigation a Psychosocial Theory of sick leave is proposed which integrates work-related determinants, health effects of particular work characteristics, and workers’ health status. In addition, the Theory explicitly formulates a series of mediators and moderators of the associations between work-related determinants and sick leave. On the basis of the theoretical assumptions and previous research findings, a series of research hypotheses are investigated with survey data.MethodsThe study is based on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2010 and 2015 ( n  = 59,790). The research hypotheses are investigated by means of generalised linear mixed models within the framework of hierarchical Bayesian regression models and Markov Chain algorithms. The Theory is assessed by estimating three so-called hurdle models, which take into account the excess zeros usually observed in sick leave rates.ResultsIn general, the findings provide evidence of the adequacy of the Theory explaining the observed variation of sick-leave rates. Several biomechanical and Psychosocial characteristics of the working environment, occupation, age, and the subjective assessment of health status were found to be strongly associated with both the likelihood of being in sick leave and the length of sick-leave spells.ConclusionsThe Theory and the findings of the present study may serve as a basis for the development and implementation of occupational health interventions aiming to reduce sick-leave rates in organisations.

  • A Psychosocial Theory of sick leave put to the test in the European Working Conditions Survey 2010–2015
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2019
    Co-Authors: Diego Montano
    Abstract:

    In the present investigation a Psychosocial Theory of sick leave is proposed which integrates work-related determinants, health effects of particular work characteristics, and workers’ health status. In addition, the Theory explicitly formulates a series of mediators and moderators of the associations between work-related determinants and sick leave. On the basis of the theoretical assumptions and previous research findings, a series of research hypotheses are investigated with survey data. The study is based on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2010 and 2015 (n = 59,790). The research hypotheses are investigated by means of generalised linear mixed models within the framework of hierarchical Bayesian regression models and Markov Chain algorithms. The Theory is assessed by estimating three so-called hurdle models, which take into account the excess zeros usually observed in sick leave rates. In general, the findings provide evidence of the adequacy of the Theory explaining the observed variation of sick-leave rates. Several biomechanical and Psychosocial characteristics of the working environment, occupation, age, and the subjective assessment of health status were found to be strongly associated with both the likelihood of being in sick leave and the length of sick-leave spells. The Theory and the findings of the present study may serve as a basis for the development and implementation of occupational health interventions aiming to reduce sick-leave rates in organisations.

Mark J King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • speeding by young novice drivers what can personal characteristics and Psychosocial Theory add to our understanding
    Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Qld (CARRS-Q); Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 2013
    Co-Authors: Bridie Scottparker, Melissa K Hyde, Barry C Watson, Mark J King
    Abstract:

    Purpose: Young novice drivers continue to be overrepresented in fatalities and injuries arising from crashes even with the introduction of countermeasures such as graduated driver licensing (GDL). Enhancing countermeasures requires a better understanding of the variables influencing risky driving. One of the most common risky behaviours performed by drivers of all ages is speeding, which is particularly risky for young novice drivers who, due to their driving inexperience, have difficulty in identifying and responding appropriately to road hazards. Psychosocial Theory can improve our understanding of contributors to speeding, thereby informing countermeasure development and evaluation. This paper reports an application of Akers’ social learning Theory (SLT), augmented by Gerrard and Gibbons’ prototype/willingness model (PWM), in addition to personal characteristics of age, gender, car ownership, and psychological traits/states of anxiety, depression, sensation seeking propensity and reward sensitivity, to examine the influences on self-reported speeding of young novice drivers with a Provisional (intermediate) licence in Queensland, Australia. Method: Young drivers (n = 378) recruited in 2010 for longitudinal research completed two surveys containing the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale, and reported their attitudes and behaviours as pre-Licence/Learner (Survey 1) and Provisional (Survey 2) drivers and their sociodemographic characteristics. Results: An Akers’ measurement model was created. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that (1) personal characteristics (PC) explained 20.3%; (2) the combination of PC and SLT explained 41.1%; and (3) the combination of PC, SLT and PWM explained 53.7% of variance in self-reported speeding. Whilst there appeared to be considerable shared variance, the significant predictors in the final model included gender, car ownership, reward sensitivity, depression, personal attitudes, and Learner speeding. Conclusions: These results highlight the capacity for Psychosocial Theory to improve our understanding of speeding by young novice drivers, revealing relationships between previous behaviour, attitudes, Psychosocial characteristics and speeding. The findings suggest multi-faceted countermeasures should target the risky behaviour of Learners, and Learner supervisors should be encouraged to monitor their Learners’ driving speed. Novice drivers should be discouraged from developing risky attitudes towards speeding.

  • speeding by young novice drivers what can personal characteristics and Psychosocial Theory add to our understanding
    Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013
    Co-Authors: Bridie Scottparker, Melissa K Hyde, Barry C Watson, Mark J King
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE: Young novice drivers continue to be overrepresented in fatalities and injuries arising from crashes even with the introduction of countermeasures such as graduated driver licensing (GDL). Enhancing countermeasures requires a better understanding of the variables influencing risky driving. One of the most common risky behaviours performed by drivers of all ages is speeding, which is particularly risky for young novice drivers who, due to their driving inexperience, have difficulty in identifying and responding appropriately to road hazards. Psychosocial Theory can improve our understanding of contributors to speeding, thereby informing countermeasure development and evaluation. This paper reports an application of Akers' social learning Theory (SLT), augmented by Gerrard and Gibbons' prototype/willingness model (PWM), in addition to personal characteristics of age, gender, car ownership, and psychological traits/states of anxiety, depression, sensation seeking propensity and reward sensitivity, to examine the influences on self-reported speeding of young novice drivers with a Provisional (intermediate) licence in Queensland, Australia. METHOD: Young drivers (n=378) recruited in 2010 for longitudinal research completed two surveys containing the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale, and reported their attitudes and behaviours as pre-Licence/Learner (Survey 1) and Provisional (Survey 2) drivers and their sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: An Akers' measurement model was created. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that (1) personal characteristics (PC) explained 20.3%; (2) the combination of PC and SLT explained 41.1%; (3) the combination of PC, SLT and PWM explained 53.7% of variance in self-reported speeding. Whilst there appeared to be considerable shared variance, the significant predictors in the final model included gender, car ownership, reward sensitivity, depression, personal attitudes, and Learner speeding. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the capacity for Psychosocial Theory to improve our understanding of speeding by young novice drivers, revealing relationships between previous behaviour, attitudes, Psychosocial characteristics and speeding. The findings suggest multi-faceted countermeasures should target the risky behaviour of Learners, and Learner supervisors should be encouraged to monitor their Learners' driving speed. Novice drivers should be discouraged from developing risky attitudes towards speeding. Language: en

Bridie Scottparker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • speeding by young novice drivers what can personal characteristics and Psychosocial Theory add to our understanding
    Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Qld (CARRS-Q); Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 2013
    Co-Authors: Bridie Scottparker, Melissa K Hyde, Barry C Watson, Mark J King
    Abstract:

    Purpose: Young novice drivers continue to be overrepresented in fatalities and injuries arising from crashes even with the introduction of countermeasures such as graduated driver licensing (GDL). Enhancing countermeasures requires a better understanding of the variables influencing risky driving. One of the most common risky behaviours performed by drivers of all ages is speeding, which is particularly risky for young novice drivers who, due to their driving inexperience, have difficulty in identifying and responding appropriately to road hazards. Psychosocial Theory can improve our understanding of contributors to speeding, thereby informing countermeasure development and evaluation. This paper reports an application of Akers’ social learning Theory (SLT), augmented by Gerrard and Gibbons’ prototype/willingness model (PWM), in addition to personal characteristics of age, gender, car ownership, and psychological traits/states of anxiety, depression, sensation seeking propensity and reward sensitivity, to examine the influences on self-reported speeding of young novice drivers with a Provisional (intermediate) licence in Queensland, Australia. Method: Young drivers (n = 378) recruited in 2010 for longitudinal research completed two surveys containing the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale, and reported their attitudes and behaviours as pre-Licence/Learner (Survey 1) and Provisional (Survey 2) drivers and their sociodemographic characteristics. Results: An Akers’ measurement model was created. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that (1) personal characteristics (PC) explained 20.3%; (2) the combination of PC and SLT explained 41.1%; and (3) the combination of PC, SLT and PWM explained 53.7% of variance in self-reported speeding. Whilst there appeared to be considerable shared variance, the significant predictors in the final model included gender, car ownership, reward sensitivity, depression, personal attitudes, and Learner speeding. Conclusions: These results highlight the capacity for Psychosocial Theory to improve our understanding of speeding by young novice drivers, revealing relationships between previous behaviour, attitudes, Psychosocial characteristics and speeding. The findings suggest multi-faceted countermeasures should target the risky behaviour of Learners, and Learner supervisors should be encouraged to monitor their Learners’ driving speed. Novice drivers should be discouraged from developing risky attitudes towards speeding.

  • speeding by young novice drivers what can personal characteristics and Psychosocial Theory add to our understanding
    Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013
    Co-Authors: Bridie Scottparker, Melissa K Hyde, Barry C Watson, Mark J King
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE: Young novice drivers continue to be overrepresented in fatalities and injuries arising from crashes even with the introduction of countermeasures such as graduated driver licensing (GDL). Enhancing countermeasures requires a better understanding of the variables influencing risky driving. One of the most common risky behaviours performed by drivers of all ages is speeding, which is particularly risky for young novice drivers who, due to their driving inexperience, have difficulty in identifying and responding appropriately to road hazards. Psychosocial Theory can improve our understanding of contributors to speeding, thereby informing countermeasure development and evaluation. This paper reports an application of Akers' social learning Theory (SLT), augmented by Gerrard and Gibbons' prototype/willingness model (PWM), in addition to personal characteristics of age, gender, car ownership, and psychological traits/states of anxiety, depression, sensation seeking propensity and reward sensitivity, to examine the influences on self-reported speeding of young novice drivers with a Provisional (intermediate) licence in Queensland, Australia. METHOD: Young drivers (n=378) recruited in 2010 for longitudinal research completed two surveys containing the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale, and reported their attitudes and behaviours as pre-Licence/Learner (Survey 1) and Provisional (Survey 2) drivers and their sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: An Akers' measurement model was created. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that (1) personal characteristics (PC) explained 20.3%; (2) the combination of PC and SLT explained 41.1%; (3) the combination of PC, SLT and PWM explained 53.7% of variance in self-reported speeding. Whilst there appeared to be considerable shared variance, the significant predictors in the final model included gender, car ownership, reward sensitivity, depression, personal attitudes, and Learner speeding. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the capacity for Psychosocial Theory to improve our understanding of speeding by young novice drivers, revealing relationships between previous behaviour, attitudes, Psychosocial characteristics and speeding. The findings suggest multi-faceted countermeasures should target the risky behaviour of Learners, and Learner supervisors should be encouraged to monitor their Learners' driving speed. Novice drivers should be discouraged from developing risky attitudes towards speeding. Language: en

Sheila K Marshall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the Psychosocial inventory of ego strengths examination of Theory and psychometric properties
    Journal of Adolescence, 2007
    Co-Authors: Carol A. Markstrom, Sheila K Marshall
    Abstract:

    The Psychosocial inventory of ego strengths (PIES) was devised as a measure of Erikson's eight ego strengths. The present investigation extended previous research through examination of the validity and reliability of the PIES among 502 high school students. The study also included an appraisal of Erikson's ego strengths as indices of Psychosocial well-being. Reliability of the subscales of the PIES was shown through acceptable Cronbach's alphas. As expected, higher scores on ego strengths were positively correlated with Psychosocial indictors of identity achievement, self-esteem, locus of control, empathic concern, perspective-taking, and positive forms of coping. Lower scores on ego strengths were related to less desirable Psychosocial constructs. Biological sex and age differences also are reported. Based on the findings, the study offers validation of Psychosocial Theory. As well, the PIES is recommended for use among high school students.

Barry C Watson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • speeding by young novice drivers what can personal characteristics and Psychosocial Theory add to our understanding
    Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety - Qld (CARRS-Q); Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 2013
    Co-Authors: Bridie Scottparker, Melissa K Hyde, Barry C Watson, Mark J King
    Abstract:

    Purpose: Young novice drivers continue to be overrepresented in fatalities and injuries arising from crashes even with the introduction of countermeasures such as graduated driver licensing (GDL). Enhancing countermeasures requires a better understanding of the variables influencing risky driving. One of the most common risky behaviours performed by drivers of all ages is speeding, which is particularly risky for young novice drivers who, due to their driving inexperience, have difficulty in identifying and responding appropriately to road hazards. Psychosocial Theory can improve our understanding of contributors to speeding, thereby informing countermeasure development and evaluation. This paper reports an application of Akers’ social learning Theory (SLT), augmented by Gerrard and Gibbons’ prototype/willingness model (PWM), in addition to personal characteristics of age, gender, car ownership, and psychological traits/states of anxiety, depression, sensation seeking propensity and reward sensitivity, to examine the influences on self-reported speeding of young novice drivers with a Provisional (intermediate) licence in Queensland, Australia. Method: Young drivers (n = 378) recruited in 2010 for longitudinal research completed two surveys containing the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale, and reported their attitudes and behaviours as pre-Licence/Learner (Survey 1) and Provisional (Survey 2) drivers and their sociodemographic characteristics. Results: An Akers’ measurement model was created. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that (1) personal characteristics (PC) explained 20.3%; (2) the combination of PC and SLT explained 41.1%; and (3) the combination of PC, SLT and PWM explained 53.7% of variance in self-reported speeding. Whilst there appeared to be considerable shared variance, the significant predictors in the final model included gender, car ownership, reward sensitivity, depression, personal attitudes, and Learner speeding. Conclusions: These results highlight the capacity for Psychosocial Theory to improve our understanding of speeding by young novice drivers, revealing relationships between previous behaviour, attitudes, Psychosocial characteristics and speeding. The findings suggest multi-faceted countermeasures should target the risky behaviour of Learners, and Learner supervisors should be encouraged to monitor their Learners’ driving speed. Novice drivers should be discouraged from developing risky attitudes towards speeding.

  • speeding by young novice drivers what can personal characteristics and Psychosocial Theory add to our understanding
    Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013
    Co-Authors: Bridie Scottparker, Melissa K Hyde, Barry C Watson, Mark J King
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE: Young novice drivers continue to be overrepresented in fatalities and injuries arising from crashes even with the introduction of countermeasures such as graduated driver licensing (GDL). Enhancing countermeasures requires a better understanding of the variables influencing risky driving. One of the most common risky behaviours performed by drivers of all ages is speeding, which is particularly risky for young novice drivers who, due to their driving inexperience, have difficulty in identifying and responding appropriately to road hazards. Psychosocial Theory can improve our understanding of contributors to speeding, thereby informing countermeasure development and evaluation. This paper reports an application of Akers' social learning Theory (SLT), augmented by Gerrard and Gibbons' prototype/willingness model (PWM), in addition to personal characteristics of age, gender, car ownership, and psychological traits/states of anxiety, depression, sensation seeking propensity and reward sensitivity, to examine the influences on self-reported speeding of young novice drivers with a Provisional (intermediate) licence in Queensland, Australia. METHOD: Young drivers (n=378) recruited in 2010 for longitudinal research completed two surveys containing the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale, and reported their attitudes and behaviours as pre-Licence/Learner (Survey 1) and Provisional (Survey 2) drivers and their sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: An Akers' measurement model was created. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that (1) personal characteristics (PC) explained 20.3%; (2) the combination of PC and SLT explained 41.1%; (3) the combination of PC, SLT and PWM explained 53.7% of variance in self-reported speeding. Whilst there appeared to be considerable shared variance, the significant predictors in the final model included gender, car ownership, reward sensitivity, depression, personal attitudes, and Learner speeding. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the capacity for Psychosocial Theory to improve our understanding of speeding by young novice drivers, revealing relationships between previous behaviour, attitudes, Psychosocial characteristics and speeding. The findings suggest multi-faceted countermeasures should target the risky behaviour of Learners, and Learner supervisors should be encouraged to monitor their Learners' driving speed. Novice drivers should be discouraged from developing risky attitudes towards speeding. Language: en