The Experts below are selected from a list of 365988 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Hasle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Working Environment interventions bridging the gap between policy instruments and practice
Safety Science, 2014Co-Authors: Peter Hasle, Hans Jørgen Limborg, Klaus Tranetoft NielsenAbstract:In spite of progress in intervention research, our understanding of the transformation of knowledge from the research into national Working Environment programmes is limited. Research in state regulation is mainly aimed at compliance and efficiency of public administration, while little attention is paid to why and how public and private organisations subsequently are to improve their Working Environment. This paper suggests a model which can bridge this gap. It is based on a combination of theories about basic policy instruments (regulation, incentives and information) with realistic analysis focusing on mechanisms and context, and finally institutional theory proposing coercive, normative and mimetic mechanisms as explanations for organisational behaviour. The model is applied to an intervention aimed at reduction of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among bricklayers in Denmark. Our analysis of the case shows how various actors, including the authorities, employers, unions and bi-partite committees, developed a programme combining the policy instruments over a considerable period of time and that all three institutional mechanisms affected the outcome. This integration of various actors and instruments, which was not necessarily planned from the beginning, proved to be an effective way of facilitating the implementation of new preventive measures in bricklaying. The analysis also indicates new intermediary mechanisms, such as programme development, as an iterative process, and the importance of joint messages from employers and unions. The model thus provides new insights into the relationship between policy instruments and workplace health and safety outcomes.
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a model for design of tailored Working Environment intervention programmes for small enterprises
Safety and health at work, 2012Co-Authors: Peter Hasle, Laura Veng Kvorning, Charlotte Bn Rasmussen, Louise Hardman Smith, Mariann FlyvholmAbstract:Objectives: Small enterprises have higher exposure to occupational hazards compared to larger enterprises and further, they have fewer resources to control the risks. In order to improve the Working Environment, development of efficient measures is therefore a major challenge for regulators and other stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to develop a systematic model for the design of tailored intervention programmes meeting the needs of small enterprises. Methods: An important challenge for the design process is the transfer of knowledge from one context to another. The concept of realist analysis can provide insight into mechanisms by which intervention knowledge can be transferred from one context to another. We use this theoretical approach to develop a design model. Results: The model consist of five steps: 1) Defining occupational health and safety challenges of the target group, 2) selecting methods to improve the Working Environment, 3) developing theories about mechanisms which motivate the target group, 4) analysing the specific context of the target group for small enterprise programmes including owner-management role, social relations, and the perception of the Working Environment, and 5) designing the intervention based on the preceding steps. We demonstrate how the design model can be applied in practice by the development of an intervention programme for small enterprises in the construction industry. Conclusion: The model provides a useful tool for a systematic design process. The model makes it transparent for both researchers and practitioners as to how existing knowledge can be used in the design of new intervention programmes.
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Lean and the Working Environment: a review of the literature
International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2012Co-Authors: Peter Hasle, Anders Bojesen, Per Langaa Jensen, Pia BrammingAbstract:Purpose – The effects of lean on employees have been debated ever since the concept was introduced. The purpose of this paper is to review the scientific literature on the effects of lean on the Working Environment and employee health and well‐being.Design/methodology/approach – Relevant databases were searched for studies of lean and the Working Environment. In total, 11 studies with quantitative effects of lean are included in this review. The methodology and results are analysed to extract information about lean and the effects on Working Environment.Findings – There is strong evidence for the negative impact of lean on both the Working Environment and employee health and well‐being in cases of manual work with low complexity. However, since examples of positive effects were also found in the literature, it is important to move from a simple cause‐and‐effect model to a more comprehensive model that understands lean as an open and ambiguous concept, which can have both positive and negative effects depe...
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the Working Environment in small firms responses from owner managers
International Small Business Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Peter Hasle, Hans Jørgen Limborg, Tina Kallehave, Caroline Klitgaard, Tilde Rye AndersenAbstract:Limited research has been conducted on owner-managers’ responses to the Working Environment (occupational health and safety). This should be understood in the light of the way owner-managers develo...
Mariann Flyvholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a model for design of tailored Working Environment intervention programmes for small enterprises
Safety and health at work, 2012Co-Authors: Peter Hasle, Laura Veng Kvorning, Charlotte Bn Rasmussen, Louise Hardman Smith, Mariann FlyvholmAbstract:Objectives: Small enterprises have higher exposure to occupational hazards compared to larger enterprises and further, they have fewer resources to control the risks. In order to improve the Working Environment, development of efficient measures is therefore a major challenge for regulators and other stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to develop a systematic model for the design of tailored intervention programmes meeting the needs of small enterprises. Methods: An important challenge for the design process is the transfer of knowledge from one context to another. The concept of realist analysis can provide insight into mechanisms by which intervention knowledge can be transferred from one context to another. We use this theoretical approach to develop a design model. Results: The model consist of five steps: 1) Defining occupational health and safety challenges of the target group, 2) selecting methods to improve the Working Environment, 3) developing theories about mechanisms which motivate the target group, 4) analysing the specific context of the target group for small enterprise programmes including owner-management role, social relations, and the perception of the Working Environment, and 5) designing the intervention based on the preceding steps. We demonstrate how the design model can be applied in practice by the development of an intervention programme for small enterprises in the construction industry. Conclusion: The model provides a useful tool for a systematic design process. The model makes it transparent for both researchers and practitioners as to how existing knowledge can be used in the design of new intervention programmes.
Rachel Kearvell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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radiation therapists and radiation oncology medical physicists perceptions of work and the Working Environment in australia a qualitative study
European Journal of Cancer Care, 2017Co-Authors: Georgia Halkett, Jan Mckay, Desley Hegney, Lauren J Breen, Melissa Berg, Martin A Ebert, Michael Davis, Rachel KearvellAbstract:Workforce recruitment and retention are issues in radiation oncology. The Working Environment is likely to have an impact on retention; however, there is a lack of research in this area. The objectives of this study were to: investigate radiation therapists’ (RTs) and radiation oncology medical physicists’ (ROMPs) perceptions of work and the Working Environment; and determine the factors that influence the ability of RTs and ROMPs to undertake their work and how these factors affect recruitment and retention. Semi- structured interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was used. Twenty-eight RTs and 21 ROMPs participated. The overarching themes were delivering care, support in work, Working conditions and lifestyle. The overarching themes were mostly consistent across both groups; however, the exemplars reflected the different roles and perspectives of RTs and ROMPs. Participants described the importance they placed on treating patients and improving their lives. Working conditions were sometimes difficult with participants reporting pressure at work, large workloads and longer hours and overtime. Insufficient staff numbers impacted on the effectiveness of staff, the Working Environment and intentions to stay. Staff satisfaction is likely to be improved if changes are made to the Working Environment. We make recommendations that may assist departments to support RTs and ROMPs.
Lisbeth E Knudsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of the effect of the psychosocial Working Environment on physiological changes in blood and urine
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Åse Marie Hansen, Anne Helene Garde, Ann Dyreborg Larsen, Reiner Rugulies, Lisbeth E KnudsenAbstract:Abstract: The aim of the present survey was to provide a literary review of current knowledge of the possible association between the psychosocial Working Environment and relevant physiological parameters measured in blood and urine. Literature databases (PubMed, Toxline, Biosis and Embase) were screened using the key words job, work-related and stress in combination with selected physiological parameters. In total, 51 work place studies investigated the associations between the psychosocial Working Environment and physiological changes, of which 20 were longitudinal studies and 12 population-based studies. The studied exposures in work place/population-based studies included: job demands (26/8 studies), job control (24/10 studies), social support and/or leadership behaviour (12/3 studies), effort–reward imbalance (three/one studies), occupational changes (four studies), shift work (eight studies), traumatic events (one study) and other (five studies). The physiological responses were catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline) (14 studies), cortisol (28 studies), cholesterol (23 studies), glycated haemoglobinA1c (six studies), testosterone (nine studies), oestrogens (three studies), dehydroepiandrosterone (six studies), prolactin (14 studies), melatonin (one study), thyroxin (one study), immunoglobulin (Ig) A (five studies), IgG (four studies), IgM (one study) and fibrinogen (eight studies). In general, fibrinogen and catabolic indicators, defined as energy releasing, were increased, whereas the anabolic indicators defined as constructive building up energy resources were decreased when the psychosocial Working Environment was perceived as poor. In conclusion, in this review the association between an adverse psychosocial Working Environment and HbA1c, testosterone and fibrinogen in serum was found to be a robust and potential candidate for a physiological effect of the psychosocial Working Environment. Further, urinary catecholamines appear to reflect the effects of shift work and monotonous work.
Åse Marie Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chapter 7:Biological Measures and the Psychosocial Working Environment
Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, 2011Co-Authors: Åse Marie Hansen, Anne Helene Garde, Marie Aarrebo JensenAbstract:The chapter covers the possible impact on physiological indicators of the psychosocial Working Environment. The aim of the present chapter is twofold. One aim is to provide the reader with insight into the present evidence for how different physiological responses may be used as potential biomarkers of the psychosocial Working Environment. The other aim is to address and thereby bring awareness to potential sources of variation and confounders. The psychosocial Working Environment is many faceted. In the present chapter we touch upon the psychosocial Working Environment in terms of: job demands, job control, leadership, social support from colleagues and supervisors, monotony/high work pace; traumatic occurrences, shift work, organizational changes, job satisfaction/job dissatisfaction and effort–reward imbalance. The physiological systems have a major role in the coordination of exposure to adverse psychosocial Working Environment. The systems included in the present chapter are anabolic and catabolic activity together with other metabolic activities and the immune system.In occupational health studies, the study groups most often comprise healthy subjects performing their work. Therefore knowledge about how everyday behaviour affects the physiological systems and their natural biological variation, e.g. changes related to gender and age, is essential. In field studies, sampling is often planned in the most practical way in order to ensure compliance. This means for example that blood is sampled in the morning at the work site just after work starts or saliva is collected by self-monitoring during 24 hours and sent by mail. This puts high demands on the analytical methods, and particularly on knowledge about how collection and storage may affect the measured results. We therefore include examples of this in the chapter, which focuses on biological measures in blood, urine and saliva.
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a review of the effect of the psychosocial Working Environment on physiological changes in blood and urine
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Åse Marie Hansen, Anne Helene Garde, Ann Dyreborg Larsen, Reiner Rugulies, Lisbeth E KnudsenAbstract:Abstract: The aim of the present survey was to provide a literary review of current knowledge of the possible association between the psychosocial Working Environment and relevant physiological parameters measured in blood and urine. Literature databases (PubMed, Toxline, Biosis and Embase) were screened using the key words job, work-related and stress in combination with selected physiological parameters. In total, 51 work place studies investigated the associations between the psychosocial Working Environment and physiological changes, of which 20 were longitudinal studies and 12 population-based studies. The studied exposures in work place/population-based studies included: job demands (26/8 studies), job control (24/10 studies), social support and/or leadership behaviour (12/3 studies), effort–reward imbalance (three/one studies), occupational changes (four studies), shift work (eight studies), traumatic events (one study) and other (five studies). The physiological responses were catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline) (14 studies), cortisol (28 studies), cholesterol (23 studies), glycated haemoglobinA1c (six studies), testosterone (nine studies), oestrogens (three studies), dehydroepiandrosterone (six studies), prolactin (14 studies), melatonin (one study), thyroxin (one study), immunoglobulin (Ig) A (five studies), IgG (four studies), IgM (one study) and fibrinogen (eight studies). In general, fibrinogen and catabolic indicators, defined as energy releasing, were increased, whereas the anabolic indicators defined as constructive building up energy resources were decreased when the psychosocial Working Environment was perceived as poor. In conclusion, in this review the association between an adverse psychosocial Working Environment and HbA1c, testosterone and fibrinogen in serum was found to be a robust and potential candidate for a physiological effect of the psychosocial Working Environment. Further, urinary catecholamines appear to reflect the effects of shift work and monotonous work.
