The Experts below are selected from a list of 92931 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kevin Milligan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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universal childcare maternal labor supply and family well being
Research Papers in Economics, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Jonathan Gruber, Kevin MilliganAbstract:The growing labour force participation of women with small children in both the U.S. and Canada has led to calls for increased Public Financing for childcare. The optimality of Public Financing depends on a host of factors, such as the “crowd-out†of existing childcare arrangements, the impact on female labor supply, and the effects on child well-being. The introduction of universal, highlysubsidized childcare in Quebec in the late 1990s provides an opportunity to address these issues. This paper carefully analyzes the impacts of Quebec’s “$5 per day childcare†programme on childcare utilization,labor supply, and child (and parent) outcomes in two parent families. The authors find strong evidence of a shift into new childcare use, although approximately one third of the newly reported use appears to come from women who previously worked and had informal arrangements. The labour supply impact is highly significant, and the measured elasticity of 0.236 is slightly smaller than previous credible estimates. Finally, the authors uncover striking evidence that children are worse off in a variety of behavioral and health dimensions, ranging from aggression to motor-social skills to illness. This analysis also suggests that the new childcare programme led to more hostile, less consistent parenting, worse parental health, and lower-quality parental relationships.
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universal childcare maternal labor supply and family well being
Social Science Research Network, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Jonathan Gruber, Kevin MilliganAbstract:The growing labor force participation of women with small children in both the U.S. and Canada has led to calls for increased Public Financing for childcare. The optimality of Public Financing depends on a host of factors, such as the %u201Ccrowd-out%u201D of existing childcare arrangements, the impact on female labor supply, and the effects on child well-being. The introduction of universal, highly-subsidized childcare in Quebec in the late 1990s provides an opportunity to address these issues. We carefully analyze the impacts of Quebec%u2019s %u201C$5 per day childcare%u201D program on childcare utilization, labor supply, and child (and parent) outcomes in two parent families. We find strong evidence of a shift into new childcare use, although approximately one third of the newly reported use appears to come from women who previously worked and had informal arrangements. The labor supply impact is highly significant, and our measured elasticity of 0.236 is slightly smaller than previous credible estimates. Finally, we uncover striking evidence that children are worse off in a variety of behavioral and health dimensions, ranging from aggression to motor-social skills to illness. Our analysis also suggests that the new childcare program led to more hostile, less consistent parenting, worse parental health, and lower-quality parental relationships.
Michael Baker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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universal childcare maternal labor supply and family well being
Research Papers in Economics, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Jonathan Gruber, Kevin MilliganAbstract:The growing labour force participation of women with small children in both the U.S. and Canada has led to calls for increased Public Financing for childcare. The optimality of Public Financing depends on a host of factors, such as the “crowd-out†of existing childcare arrangements, the impact on female labor supply, and the effects on child well-being. The introduction of universal, highlysubsidized childcare in Quebec in the late 1990s provides an opportunity to address these issues. This paper carefully analyzes the impacts of Quebec’s “$5 per day childcare†programme on childcare utilization,labor supply, and child (and parent) outcomes in two parent families. The authors find strong evidence of a shift into new childcare use, although approximately one third of the newly reported use appears to come from women who previously worked and had informal arrangements. The labour supply impact is highly significant, and the measured elasticity of 0.236 is slightly smaller than previous credible estimates. Finally, the authors uncover striking evidence that children are worse off in a variety of behavioral and health dimensions, ranging from aggression to motor-social skills to illness. This analysis also suggests that the new childcare programme led to more hostile, less consistent parenting, worse parental health, and lower-quality parental relationships.
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universal childcare maternal labor supply and family well being
Social Science Research Network, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Jonathan Gruber, Kevin MilliganAbstract:The growing labor force participation of women with small children in both the U.S. and Canada has led to calls for increased Public Financing for childcare. The optimality of Public Financing depends on a host of factors, such as the %u201Ccrowd-out%u201D of existing childcare arrangements, the impact on female labor supply, and the effects on child well-being. The introduction of universal, highly-subsidized childcare in Quebec in the late 1990s provides an opportunity to address these issues. We carefully analyze the impacts of Quebec%u2019s %u201C$5 per day childcare%u201D program on childcare utilization, labor supply, and child (and parent) outcomes in two parent families. We find strong evidence of a shift into new childcare use, although approximately one third of the newly reported use appears to come from women who previously worked and had informal arrangements. The labor supply impact is highly significant, and our measured elasticity of 0.236 is slightly smaller than previous credible estimates. Finally, we uncover striking evidence that children are worse off in a variety of behavioral and health dimensions, ranging from aggression to motor-social skills to illness. Our analysis also suggests that the new childcare program led to more hostile, less consistent parenting, worse parental health, and lower-quality parental relationships.
Jonathan Gruber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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universal childcare maternal labor supply and family well being
Research Papers in Economics, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Jonathan Gruber, Kevin MilliganAbstract:The growing labour force participation of women with small children in both the U.S. and Canada has led to calls for increased Public Financing for childcare. The optimality of Public Financing depends on a host of factors, such as the “crowd-out†of existing childcare arrangements, the impact on female labor supply, and the effects on child well-being. The introduction of universal, highlysubsidized childcare in Quebec in the late 1990s provides an opportunity to address these issues. This paper carefully analyzes the impacts of Quebec’s “$5 per day childcare†programme on childcare utilization,labor supply, and child (and parent) outcomes in two parent families. The authors find strong evidence of a shift into new childcare use, although approximately one third of the newly reported use appears to come from women who previously worked and had informal arrangements. The labour supply impact is highly significant, and the measured elasticity of 0.236 is slightly smaller than previous credible estimates. Finally, the authors uncover striking evidence that children are worse off in a variety of behavioral and health dimensions, ranging from aggression to motor-social skills to illness. This analysis also suggests that the new childcare programme led to more hostile, less consistent parenting, worse parental health, and lower-quality parental relationships.
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universal childcare maternal labor supply and family well being
Social Science Research Network, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Jonathan Gruber, Kevin MilliganAbstract:The growing labor force participation of women with small children in both the U.S. and Canada has led to calls for increased Public Financing for childcare. The optimality of Public Financing depends on a host of factors, such as the %u201Ccrowd-out%u201D of existing childcare arrangements, the impact on female labor supply, and the effects on child well-being. The introduction of universal, highly-subsidized childcare in Quebec in the late 1990s provides an opportunity to address these issues. We carefully analyze the impacts of Quebec%u2019s %u201C$5 per day childcare%u201D program on childcare utilization, labor supply, and child (and parent) outcomes in two parent families. We find strong evidence of a shift into new childcare use, although approximately one third of the newly reported use appears to come from women who previously worked and had informal arrangements. The labor supply impact is highly significant, and our measured elasticity of 0.236 is slightly smaller than previous credible estimates. Finally, we uncover striking evidence that children are worse off in a variety of behavioral and health dimensions, ranging from aggression to motor-social skills to illness. Our analysis also suggests that the new childcare program led to more hostile, less consistent parenting, worse parental health, and lower-quality parental relationships.
Dean T Jamison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extended cost effectiveness analysis for health policy assessment a tutorial
PharmacoEconomics, 2016Co-Authors: Stephane Verguet, Dean T Jamison, Jane J KimAbstract:Health policy instruments such as the Public Financing of health technologies (e.g., new drugs, vaccines) entail consequences in multiple domains. Fundamentally, Public health policies aim at increasing the uptake of effective and efficient interventions and at subsequently leading to better health benefits (e.g., premature mortality and morbidity averted). In addition, Public health policies can provide non-health benefits in addition to the sole well-being of populations and beyond the health sector. For instance, Public policies such as social and health insurance programs can prevent illness-related impoverishment and procure financial risk protection. Furthermore, Public policies can improve the distribution of health in the population and promote the equalization of health among individuals. Extended cost-effectiveness analysis was developed to address health policy assessment, specifically to evaluate the health and financial consequences of Public policies in four domains: (1) the health gains; (2) the financial risk protection benefits; (3) the total costs to the policy makers; and (4) the distributional benefits. Here, we present a tutorial that describes both the intent of extended cost-effectiveness analysis and its keys to allow easy implementation for health policy assessment.
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Public Financing of health in developing countries a cross national systematic analysis
The Lancet, 2010Co-Authors: Matthew T Schneider, Paul Gubbins, Katherine Leachkemon, Dean T Jamison, Christopher J L MurrayAbstract:Summary Background Government spending on health from domestic sources is an important indicator of a government's commitment to the health of its people, and is essential for the sustainability of health programmes. We aimed to systematically analyse all data sources available for government spending on health in developing countries; describe trends in Public Financing of health; and test the extent to which they were related to changes in gross domestic product (GDP), government size, HIV prevalence, debt relief, and development assistance for health (DAH) to governmental and non-governmental sectors. Methods We did a systematic analysis of all data sources available for government expenditures on health as agent (GHE-A) in developing countries, including government reports and databases from WHO and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). GHE-A consists of domestically and externally financed Public health expenditures. We assessed the quality of these sources and used multiple imputation to generate a complete sequence of GHE-A. With these data and those for DAH to governments, we estimated government spending on health from domestic sources. We used panel-regression methods to estimate the association between government domestic spending on health and GDP, government size, HIV prevalence, debt relief, and DAH disbursed to governmental and non-governmental sectors. We tested the robustness of our conclusions using various models and subsets of countries. Findings In all developing countries, Public Financing of health in constant US$ from domestic sources increased by nearly 100% (IMF 120%; WHO 88%) from 1995 to 2006. Overall, this increase was the product of rising GDP, slight decreases in the share of GDP spent by government, and increases in the share of government spending on health. At the country level, while shares of government expenditures to health increased in many regions, they decreased in many sub-Saharan African countries. The statistical analysis showed that DAH to government had a negative and significant effect on domestic government spending on health such that for every US$1 of DAH to government, government health expenditures from domestic resources were reduced by $0·43 (p=0) to $1·14 (p=0). However, DAH to the non-governmental sector had a positive and significant effect on domestic government health spending. Both results were robust to multiple specifications and subset analyses. Other factors, such as debt relief, had no detectable effect on domestic government health spending. Interpretation To address the negative effect of DAH on domestic government health spending, we recommend strong standardised monitoring of government health expenditures and government spending in other health-related sectors; establishment of collaborative targets to maintain or increase the share of government expenditures going to health; investment in the capacity of developing countries to effectively receive and use DAH; careful assessment of the risks and benefits of expanded DAH to non-governmental sectors; and investigation of the use of global price subsidies or product transfers as mechanisms for DAH. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Mark G Shrime - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Financing of surgery and anaesthesia in sub saharan africa a scoping review
BMJ Open, 2021Co-Authors: Martilord Ifeanyichi, Mark G Shrime, Ellis T Aune, Jakub Gajewski, Chiara Pittalis, John Kachimba, Eric Borgstein, Ruairi Brugha, Rob BaltussenAbstract:Objective This study aimed to provide an overview of current knowledge and situational analysis of Financing of surgery and anaesthesia across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Setting Surgical and anaesthesia services across all levels of care—primary, secondary and tertiary. Design We performed a scoping review of scientific databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health and African Index Medicus), grey literature and websites of development organisations. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers and abstracted data were summarised using thematic narrative synthesis per the Financing domains: mobilisation, pooling and purchasing. Results The search resulted in 5533 unique articles among which 149 met the inclusion criteria: 132 were related to mobilisation, 17 to pooling and 5 to purchasing. Neglect of surgery in national health priorities is widespread in SSA, and no report was found on national level surgical expenditures or budgetary allocations. Financial protection mechanisms are weak or non-existent; poor patients often forego care or face financial catastrophes in seeking care, even in the context of universal Public Financing (free care) initiatives. Conclusion Financing of surgical and anaesthesia care in SSA is as poor as it is underinvestigated, calling for increased national prioritisation and tracking of surgical funding. Improving availability, accessibility and affordability of surgical and anaesthesia care require comprehensive and inclusive policy formulations.
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health gains and financial risk protection afforded by Public Financing of selected interventions in ethiopia an extended cost effectiveness analysis
The Lancet Global Health, 2015Co-Authors: Stephane Verguet, Zachary Olson, Joseph B Babigumira, Dawit Desalegn, Kjell Johansson, Margaret E Kruk, Carol Levin, Rachel Nugent, Clint Pecenka, Mark G ShrimeAbstract:Summary Background The way in which a government chooses to finance a health intervention can affect the uptake of health interventions and consequently the extent of health gains. In addition to health gains, some policies such as Public finance can insure against catastrophic health expenditures. We aimed to evaluate the health and financial risk protection benefits of selected interventions that could be Publicly financed by the government of Ethiopia. Methods We used extended cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the health gains (deaths averted) and financial risk protection afforded (cases of poverty averted) by a bundle of nine (among many other) interventions that the Government of Ethiopia aims to make universally available. These nine interventions were measles vaccination, rotavirus vaccination, pneumococcal conjugate vaccination, diarrhoea treatment, malaria treatment, pneumonia treatment, caesarean section surgery, hypertension treatment, and tuberculosis treatment. Findings Our analysis shows that, per dollar spent by the Ethiopian Government, the interventions that avert the most deaths are measles vaccination (367 deaths averted per $100 000 spent), pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (170 deaths averted per $100 000 spent), and caesarean section surgery (141 deaths averted per $100 000 spent). The interventions that avert the most cases of poverty are caesarean section surgery (98 cases averted per $100 000 spent), tuberculosis treatment (96 cases averted per $100 000 spent), and hypertension treatment (84 cases averted per $100 000 spent). Interpretation Our approach incorporates financial risk protection into the economic evaluation of health interventions and therefore provides information about the efficiency of attainment of both major objectives of a health system: improved health and financial risk protection. One intervention might rank higher on one or both metrics than another, which shows how intervention choice—the selection of a pathway to universal health coverage—might involve weighing up of sometimes competing objectives. This understanding can help policy makers to select interventions to target specific policy goals (ie, improved health or financial risk protection). It is especially relevant for the design and sequencing of universal health coverage to meet the needs of poor populations. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.