Pupae

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Nicolas Desneux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pupal diapause development and termination is driven by low temperature chilling in bactrocera minax
    Journal of Pest Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yongcheng Dong, Zhijian Wang, Anthony R Clarke, Rui Pereira, Nicolas Desneux
    Abstract:

    Bactrocera minax is a major citrus pest in China, Bhutan, and India. It is univoltine and exhibits pupal diapause during winter. To better understand pupal diapause in this pest, we investigated pupal survival and pupal developmental duration under field and laboratory conditions. Specifically, we tested if pupal chilling was required for diapause development and termination. Nearly all mature larvae collected at the end of the citrus season entered pupal diapause. For Pupae exposed in the field, natural chilling for less than 3 months resulted in more than 70 % mortality. However, exposure to winter conditions for 3 months or more both decreased pupal mortality and developmental duration when Pupae were returned to the laboratory and held under constant temperature (25 °C). When Pupae were gathered from the field in November and exposed to different chilling regimes in the laboratory, the chilling duration (30 vs 60 days) had significantly more impact on pupal survival than the specific chilling temperature (6, 8, 10, or 12 °C constant). However, both chilling duration and chilling temperature impacted on the pupal developmental duration, with longer chilling duration and higher temperatures decreasing pupal developmental duration. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pupal diapause development and termination in B. minax is strongly influenced by chilling conditions. Increasing cold exposure led to significantly and consistently faster adult eclosion and improved synchronization of adult emergence. This knowledge will help with the laboratory rearing of B. minax, an essential step in the long-term management of this pest.

  • Pupal diapause development and termination is driven by low temperature chilling in Bactrocera minax
    Journal of Pest Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yongcheng Dong, Zhijian Wang, Anthony R Clarke, Rui Pereira, Nicolas Desneux, Chang-ying Niu
    Abstract:

    Bactrocera minax is a major citrus pest in China, Bhutan, and India. It is univoltine and exhibits pupal diapause during winter. To better understand pupal diapause in this pest, we investigated pupal survival and pupal developmental duration under field and laboratory conditions. Specifically, we tested if pupal chilling was required for diapause development and termination. Nearly all mature larvae collected at the end of the citrus season entered pupal diapause. For Pupae exposed in the field, natural chilling for less than 3 months resulted in more than 70 % mortality. However, exposure to winter conditions for 3 months or more both decreased pupal mortality and developmental duration when Pupae were returned to the laboratory and held under constant temperature (25 A degrees C). When Pupae were gathered from the field in November and exposed to different chilling regimes in the laboratory, the chilling duration (30 vs 60 days) had significantly more impact on pupal survival than the specific chilling temperature (6, 8, 10, or 12 A degrees C constant). However, both chilling duration and chilling temperature impacted on the pupal developmental duration, with longer chilling duration and higher temperatures decreasing pupal developmental duration. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pupal diapause development and termination in B. minax is strongly influenced by chilling conditions. Increasing cold exposure led to significantly and consistently faster adult eclosion and improved synchronization of adult emergence. This knowledge will help with the laboratory rearing of B. minax, an essential step in the long-term management of this pest.

  • Sublethal and transgenerational effects of chlorantraniliprole on biological traits of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L
    Crop Protection, 2013
    Co-Authors: Lei Guo, Nicolas Desneux, Shoji Sonoda, Pei Liang, Peng Han, Xi-wu Gao
    Abstract:

    The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is an important international pest of cruciferous vegetables. The effects of the new diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole, at a lethal concentration inducing only 25% mortality (LC25), were assessed on the development and reproductive parameters of P. xylostella under laboratory conditions. In addition, effects on development time, pupation rate, larval and Pupae weight, fertility, and survival in the parent and F1 generations were assessed. When 4th instar P. xylostella larvae were exposed to LC25 of chlorantraniliprole on a cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) leaf for 96 h, we observed increased developmental time for 4th instar larval to pupa period (4.27 days vs. 3.34 days in the control), lower pupal weight (3.58 mg vs. 4.17 mg in the control) and decreased adult fecundity (by 42%). F1 generation underwent transgenerational effects, i.e. higher developmental time from egg to pre-Pupae and lower egg hatching rate occurred. Demographic growth parameters, such as the net reproductive rate (R-0), the intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)), and finite rate of increase (lambda) were significantly lower for the LC25 chlorantraniliprole treated group than for the untreated control. Our results suggest that exposure to LC25 of chlorantraniliprole may have negative effects both on exposed individuals and on subsequent generations in P. xylostella.

Yongcheng Dong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pupal diapause development and termination is driven by low temperature chilling in bactrocera minax
    Journal of Pest Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yongcheng Dong, Zhijian Wang, Anthony R Clarke, Rui Pereira, Nicolas Desneux
    Abstract:

    Bactrocera minax is a major citrus pest in China, Bhutan, and India. It is univoltine and exhibits pupal diapause during winter. To better understand pupal diapause in this pest, we investigated pupal survival and pupal developmental duration under field and laboratory conditions. Specifically, we tested if pupal chilling was required for diapause development and termination. Nearly all mature larvae collected at the end of the citrus season entered pupal diapause. For Pupae exposed in the field, natural chilling for less than 3 months resulted in more than 70 % mortality. However, exposure to winter conditions for 3 months or more both decreased pupal mortality and developmental duration when Pupae were returned to the laboratory and held under constant temperature (25 °C). When Pupae were gathered from the field in November and exposed to different chilling regimes in the laboratory, the chilling duration (30 vs 60 days) had significantly more impact on pupal survival than the specific chilling temperature (6, 8, 10, or 12 °C constant). However, both chilling duration and chilling temperature impacted on the pupal developmental duration, with longer chilling duration and higher temperatures decreasing pupal developmental duration. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pupal diapause development and termination in B. minax is strongly influenced by chilling conditions. Increasing cold exposure led to significantly and consistently faster adult eclosion and improved synchronization of adult emergence. This knowledge will help with the laboratory rearing of B. minax, an essential step in the long-term management of this pest.

  • Pupal diapause development and termination is driven by low temperature chilling in Bactrocera minax
    Journal of Pest Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yongcheng Dong, Zhijian Wang, Anthony R Clarke, Rui Pereira, Nicolas Desneux, Chang-ying Niu
    Abstract:

    Bactrocera minax is a major citrus pest in China, Bhutan, and India. It is univoltine and exhibits pupal diapause during winter. To better understand pupal diapause in this pest, we investigated pupal survival and pupal developmental duration under field and laboratory conditions. Specifically, we tested if pupal chilling was required for diapause development and termination. Nearly all mature larvae collected at the end of the citrus season entered pupal diapause. For Pupae exposed in the field, natural chilling for less than 3 months resulted in more than 70 % mortality. However, exposure to winter conditions for 3 months or more both decreased pupal mortality and developmental duration when Pupae were returned to the laboratory and held under constant temperature (25 A degrees C). When Pupae were gathered from the field in November and exposed to different chilling regimes in the laboratory, the chilling duration (30 vs 60 days) had significantly more impact on pupal survival than the specific chilling temperature (6, 8, 10, or 12 A degrees C constant). However, both chilling duration and chilling temperature impacted on the pupal developmental duration, with longer chilling duration and higher temperatures decreasing pupal developmental duration. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pupal diapause development and termination in B. minax is strongly influenced by chilling conditions. Increasing cold exposure led to significantly and consistently faster adult eclosion and improved synchronization of adult emergence. This knowledge will help with the laboratory rearing of B. minax, an essential step in the long-term management of this pest.

Guy Smagghe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • activity of rh 0345 on ecdysteroid production and cuticle secretion in tenebrio molitor Pupae in vivo and in vitro
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Noureddine Soltani, N Aribi, H Berghiche, S Lakbar, Guy Smagghe
    Abstract:

    The activity of RH-0345 (halofenozide), a novel benzoylhydrazine analogue, was investigated on ecdysteroid production, cuticle secretion, and hemolymph protein concentrations in Tenebrio molitor Pupae. The compound was applied topically (5 and 10 μg/pupa) on newly ecdysed Pupae or added to the culture medium (1 and 10 μM) of sternal integuments explanted from newly ecdysed Pupae. Enzyme immunoassay measurements of ecdysteroid titers in the hemolymph revealed that RH-0345 applied topically on newly ecdysed Pupae had no effect on the peak position of ecdysteroids in the hemolymph, but it caused a significant increase of the peak values. With in vitro cultured integument explants, RH-0345 caused a significant increase of the amounts of ecdysteroids released into the culture medium. Further, integuments were cultured in medium containing RH-0345 and/or 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the effects on apolysis and cuticle growth were tested. In the presence of 20E alone, the epidermis was able to secrete a new cuticle under the apolyzed pupal cuticle. Similarly, integument explants from RH-0345-treated series cultured without 20E underwent apolysis and then secreted a new cuticle. The thickness of such a newly induced cuticle did not change as a function of the concentration of RH-0345 nor of the incubation period. In contrast, integument explants from RH-0345-treated series cultured in the presence of 20E secreted a new significantly thicker cuticle. The observed differences in cuticle thickness could be explained by differences in the protein content.

Dingxian Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • proximate amino acid and mineral composition of Pupae of the silkworm antheraea pernyi in china
    Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2006
    Co-Authors: Jun Zhou, Dingxian Han
    Abstract:

    The chemical composition and the nutritional quality of protein of Pupae of the silkworm Antheraea pernyi were investigated. Investigations showed that the pupal powder contained 7.6% moisture, 71.9% crude protein, 20.1% fat and 4.0% ash on a dry matter basis. The mineral analysis indicated high K content with a low Na/K ratio and low heavy metal content. The pupal protein contained 18 known amino acids, including all of the essential amino acids and sulphur-containing amino acids. Compared with the amino acid profile recommended by FAO/WHO, the pupal protein was of high quality due to its high content of essential amino acids. The results of the present study provide some technical information and suggestions for the food industry for more effective utilization of Pupae of the silkworm A. pernyi.

Chang-ying Niu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pupal diapause development and termination is driven by low temperature chilling in Bactrocera minax
    Journal of Pest Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yongcheng Dong, Zhijian Wang, Anthony R Clarke, Rui Pereira, Nicolas Desneux, Chang-ying Niu
    Abstract:

    Bactrocera minax is a major citrus pest in China, Bhutan, and India. It is univoltine and exhibits pupal diapause during winter. To better understand pupal diapause in this pest, we investigated pupal survival and pupal developmental duration under field and laboratory conditions. Specifically, we tested if pupal chilling was required for diapause development and termination. Nearly all mature larvae collected at the end of the citrus season entered pupal diapause. For Pupae exposed in the field, natural chilling for less than 3 months resulted in more than 70 % mortality. However, exposure to winter conditions for 3 months or more both decreased pupal mortality and developmental duration when Pupae were returned to the laboratory and held under constant temperature (25 A degrees C). When Pupae were gathered from the field in November and exposed to different chilling regimes in the laboratory, the chilling duration (30 vs 60 days) had significantly more impact on pupal survival than the specific chilling temperature (6, 8, 10, or 12 A degrees C constant). However, both chilling duration and chilling temperature impacted on the pupal developmental duration, with longer chilling duration and higher temperatures decreasing pupal developmental duration. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pupal diapause development and termination in B. minax is strongly influenced by chilling conditions. Increasing cold exposure led to significantly and consistently faster adult eclosion and improved synchronization of adult emergence. This knowledge will help with the laboratory rearing of B. minax, an essential step in the long-term management of this pest.