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Drg. Edi Karyadi, Mm., Mdsc., Sp. Perio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Mengunyah Buah Pir Shandong (Pyrus Bretschneideri) Terhadap Penurunan Indeks Plak Kajian Pada Siswa Usia 9-12 Tahun Di SD Muhammadiyah Mangkuyudan Surakarta
2020Co-Authors: Larisa Syifa, Drg. Edi Karyadi, Mm., Mdsc., Sp. PerioAbstract:Latar belakang: Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi tertinggi kedua setelah karies yang terjadi di Indonesia. Plak merupakan faktor utama penyebab terjadinya peradangan pada jaringan periodontal. Perlu dilakukan usaha preventif untuk mencegah akumulasi plak pada permukaan gigi. Kontrol plak dapat dilakukan dengan mengkonsumsi makanan berserat, berair, dan bernutrisi. Mengunyah buah-buahan seperti buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) dapat menghilangkan akumulasi plak secara mekanis. Buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) juga memiliki senyawa katekin yang mampu menghilangkan perlekatan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan denaturasi protein secara kimiawi, serta secara fisiologis dapat meningkatkan sekresi saliva sehingga terjadi pembersihan secara alami rongga mulut. Kontrol plak perlu dilakukan pada anak sedini mungkin untuk mengatasi terjadinya penyakit gigi dan mulut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mengunyah buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) terhadap penurunan indeks plak siswa usia 9-12 tahun di SD Muhammadiyah 11 Mangkuyudan Surakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental semu dengan pre and post-test design. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa usia 9-12 tahun di SD Muhammadiyah 11 Mangkuyudan Surakarta. Siswa diminta untuk mengunyah buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) sebanyak 100 gram. Pengukuran plak gigi menggunakan metode PHP-M (Patient Hygiene Performance-Modified). Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji paired sample t-test. Hasil: Hasil uji paired sample t-test menunjukan bahwa mengunyah buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) dapat menurunkan skor plak pada permukaan gigi secara bermakna (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian tersebut diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa mengunyah buah pir shandong dapat menurunkan indeks plak gigi pada siswa usia 9-12 tahun
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PERBEDAAN PENGARUH MENGUNYAH ANTARA BUAH APEL MANALAGI (Malus sylvestris mill.) DAN BUAH PIR SHANDONG (Pyrus bretschneideri) TERHADAP PENURUNAN INDEKS PLAK (Kajian Pada Siswa Usia 9-12 Tahun di SD Muhammadiyah 11 Mangkuyudan Surakarta)
2020Co-Authors: Utari Puput, Drg. Edi Karyadi, Mm., Mdsc., Sp. PerioAbstract:Intisari Karies merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh interaksi antara bakteri, debris, plak, diet, serta gigi. Pencegahan karies dan peningkatan kesehatan gigi telah menjadi tujuan utama dalam merawat gigi sejak diketahui debris dan plak gigi yang menjadi faktor dominan penyebab terjadinya karies. Plak merupakan lapisan tipis yang tidak berwarna, tidak bisa dilihat mata secara langsung, melekat pada gigi dan membentuk kumpulan yang terdiri dari air liur, sisa makanan, jaringan mati, fibrinogen, mikroorganisme dan lain sebagainya. Pengedalian plak dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan cara mengkonsumsi makanan berserat seperti buah apel dan buah pir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh mengunyah antara buah apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris mill.) dan buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) terhadap penurunan indeks plak. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian pre and post test group. Penelitian dilakukan di SD Muhammadiyah 11 Mangkuyudan Surakarta dengan subjek penelitian 60 siswa usia 9-12 tahun yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok 1 mengunyah buah apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris mill.) dan kelompok 2 mengunyah buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri). Data indeks plak diperoleh dengan metode pengukuran PHP-M. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya penurunan rerata indeks plak (sebelum dan sesudah) mengunyah buah apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris mill.) dan buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri). Uji Independent Samples Test diperoleh hasil terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara (sebelum dan sesudah) mengunyah buah apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris mill.) dan buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) p=0,000. Kesimpulannya terdapat pengaruh antara mengunyah buah apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris mill.) dan buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) terhadap penurunan indeks plak dan mengunyah buah apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris mill.) lebih berpengaruh dibandingkan dengan mengunyah buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) terhadap penurunan indeks plak
Larisa Syifa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Mengunyah Buah Pir Shandong (Pyrus Bretschneideri) Terhadap Penurunan Indeks Plak Kajian Pada Siswa Usia 9-12 Tahun Di SD Muhammadiyah Mangkuyudan Surakarta
2020Co-Authors: Larisa Syifa, Drg. Edi Karyadi, Mm., Mdsc., Sp. PerioAbstract:Latar belakang: Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi tertinggi kedua setelah karies yang terjadi di Indonesia. Plak merupakan faktor utama penyebab terjadinya peradangan pada jaringan periodontal. Perlu dilakukan usaha preventif untuk mencegah akumulasi plak pada permukaan gigi. Kontrol plak dapat dilakukan dengan mengkonsumsi makanan berserat, berair, dan bernutrisi. Mengunyah buah-buahan seperti buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) dapat menghilangkan akumulasi plak secara mekanis. Buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) juga memiliki senyawa katekin yang mampu menghilangkan perlekatan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan denaturasi protein secara kimiawi, serta secara fisiologis dapat meningkatkan sekresi saliva sehingga terjadi pembersihan secara alami rongga mulut. Kontrol plak perlu dilakukan pada anak sedini mungkin untuk mengatasi terjadinya penyakit gigi dan mulut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mengunyah buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) terhadap penurunan indeks plak siswa usia 9-12 tahun di SD Muhammadiyah 11 Mangkuyudan Surakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental semu dengan pre and post-test design. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa usia 9-12 tahun di SD Muhammadiyah 11 Mangkuyudan Surakarta. Siswa diminta untuk mengunyah buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) sebanyak 100 gram. Pengukuran plak gigi menggunakan metode PHP-M (Patient Hygiene Performance-Modified). Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji paired sample t-test. Hasil: Hasil uji paired sample t-test menunjukan bahwa mengunyah buah pir shandong (Pyrus bretschneideri) dapat menurunkan skor plak pada permukaan gigi secara bermakna (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian tersebut diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa mengunyah buah pir shandong dapat menurunkan indeks plak gigi pada siswa usia 9-12 tahun
Ming Ji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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shared and distinct neural bases of large and small scale spatial ability a coordinate based activation likelihood estimation meta analysis
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Yuan Li, Feng Kong, Ming JiAbstract:Background: Spatial ability is vital for human survival and development. However, the relationship between large-scale and small-scale spatial ability remains poorly understood. To address this issue from a novel perspective, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies to determine the shared and distinct neural bases of these two forms of spatial ability. Methods: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar for studies regarding “spatial ability” published within the last 20 years (January 1988 through June 2018). A final total of 103 studies (Table 1) involving 2,085 participants (male = 1,116) and 2,586 foci were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Results: Large-scale spatial ability was associated with activation in the limbic lobe, posterior lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, right anterior lobe, frontal lobe, and right sub-lobar area. Small-scale spatial ability was associated with activation in the parietal lobe, occipital lobe, frontal lobe, right posterior lobe, and left sub-lobar area. Furthermore, conjunction analysis revealed overlapping regions in the sub-gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, right superior parietal lobule, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, and precuneus. The contrast analysis demonstrated that the parahippocampal gyrus, left lingual gyrus, culmen, right middle temporal gyrus, left declive, left superior occipital gyrus, and right lentiform nucleus were more strongly activated during large-scale spatial tasks. In contrast, the precuneus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, left supramarginal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, right inferior occipital gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus were more strongly activated during small-scale spatial tasks. Our results further indicated that there is no absolute difference in the cognitive strategies associated with the two forms of spatial ability (egocentric/allocentric). Conclusion: The results of the present study verify and expand upon the theoretical model of spatial ability proposed by Hegarty et al. Our analysis revealed a shared neural basis between large- and small-scale spatial abilities, as well as specific yet independent neural bases underlying each. Based on these findings, we proposed a more comprehensive version of the behavioral model.
C. M. James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from European pear (Pyrus communis L.)
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2006Co-Authors: Felicidad Fernández-fernández, N. G. Harvey, C. M. JamesAbstract:This study reports the development and characterization of 19 microsatellite primer pairs developed from genomic DNA of European pear (Pyrus communis) and their transferability to other Pyrus and Malus material. The primers were designed from two different genomic libraries enriched for di- and trinucleotide repeats. When tested in six P. communis cultivars and 15 other Pyrus species, 13 primers revealed single-locus polymorphism and six showed more complex patterns that suggest multiple loci. Two to 18 alleles were detected per locus and two primer pairs were sufficient to discriminate all accessions. Transferability of nine primer pairs to Malus was demonstrated through amplification of discrete products in two accessions.
Toshiya Yamamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of cultivar specific dna markers based on retrotransposon based insertional polymorphism in japanese pear
Breeding Science, 2012Co-Authors: Shingo Terakami, Kanako Kurita, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Yuichi Katayose, Chikako Nishitani, Yutaka Sawamura, Toshihiro Saito, Toshiya YamamotoAbstract:We developed retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphism (RBIP) markers based on the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of copia-like retrotransposon Ppcrt4 and flanking genome sequences, which were derived from 454 sequencing data from Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) ‘Hosui’. Out of 40 sequences including both LTR and flanking genome regions, we developed 22 RBIP markers and used them for DNA profiling of 80 pear cultivars: 64 Japanese, 10 Chinese (Pyrus ussuriensis) and 6 European (Pyrus communis). Three RBIP markers were enough to differentiate ‘Hosui’ from the other Japanese pear cultivars. The 22 RBIP markers could also distinguish 61 of the 64 Japanese pear cultivars. European pears showed almost no amplification of the 22 RBIP markers, which might suggest that retrotransposons had transposed during Asian pear evolution or reflect the genetic relationship between Asian and European pears. Sixteen of the RBIP markers could be positioned on a genetic linkage map of ‘Hosui’. The RBIP loci were distributed in 10 linkage groups, and some loci were very closely located within the same linkage group. The information obtained will be applicable to developing cultivar-specific RBIP marker sets in plants.
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complete sequence of the chloroplast genome from pear Pyrus pyrifolia genome structure and comparative analysis
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2012Co-Authors: Shingo Terakami, Yuichiro Matsumura, Kanako Kurita, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Yuichi Katayose, Toshiya Yamamoto, Hironori KatayamaAbstract:The chloroplast genome of Pyrus was found to be 159,922 bp in length which included a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,392 bp, separated by a small single-copy region of 19,237 bp and a large single-copy region (LSC) of 87,901 bp. A total of 130 predicted genes (113 unique genes and 17 genes, which were duplicated in the IR) including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes and 30 tRNA genes were identified based on similarity to homologs from the chloroplast genome of Nicotiana tabacum. Genome organization was very similar to the inferred ancestral angiosperm chloroplast genome. Comparisons between Pyrus, Malus, and Prunus in Rosaceae revealed 220 indels (≥10 bp). Excluding ycf1 and ycf2, which contained deletions in the coding region, all of these were detected in the spacer or intron regions. Three insertions and 13 deletions were detected in Pyrus compared to the same loci in Malus and Prunus. After comparing 89 noncoding chloroplast DNA regions in Pyrus and Malus, highly variable regions such as ndhC-trnV and trnR-atpA were identified. In Pyrus and Malus, the IR/LSC borders were 62 bp shorter than those of Prunus. In addition, there were length mutations at the IRa/LSC junction and in trnH. A total of 67 simple sequence repeats (more than 10 repeated motifs) were identified in the Pyrus chloroplast genome. The indels and simple sequence repeats will be useful evolutionary tools at both intra- and interspecific levels. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between Pyrus and Prunus in the Rosaceae.
