Qi Stagnation

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Jie Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identification of differentially expressed non coding rnas and mrnas involved in Qi Stagnation and blood stasis syndrome
    Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2018
    Co-Authors: Guang Che, Jialiang Gao, Chao Liu, Yongmei Liu, Jie Wang
    Abstract:

    Qi Stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (QSBSS) is a common Zheng in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), describes the condition of unsmooth flow of Qi and blood, which manifests as distending pain in a fixed body part and emotional disorders, including irritability and depression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. RNAs are the connection between DNA and proteins, which reflect the interaction between the genotypes and the phenotype. Of note, non-coding (nc)RNA is a type of RNA that is not translated into any protein, but has regulatory functions. Despite the growing interest in exploring the biological basis of TCM Zhengs, the specific roles of ncRNAs in QSBSS have remained largely elusive. In the present study, next-generation sequencing was performed to investigate the ncRNA profile in patients with three different types of disease, but who had QSBSS. A total of 104 long non-coding RNAs, 2 circular RNAs and 697 mRNAs were identified to be significantly differentially expressed in QSBSS patients. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that the most significantly enriched pathways by the differentially expressed RNAs in QSBSS were the sphingolipid signaling pathway, the neurotrophin signaling pathway, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase and endocytosis. In addition, a network pharmacology analysis indicated that several of the differentially expressed RNAs were included in the targets of TCM herbs for treating QSBSS. The present study was the first to identify ncRNAs that are deregulated in QSBSS by next-generation sequencing technology. The results may offer insight into the biological basis of TCM Zheng and the optimization of ancient formulae, as well as the discovery of novel drugs, to pave the way toward advanced TCM theory and improved health care delivery.

  • Additional file 3: of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu capsule in the treatment of Qi Stagnation and blood stasis syndrome: a study protocol for a randomised controlled pilot and feasibility trial
    2018
    Co-Authors: Guang Che, Jialiang Gao, Yu Liu, Chenhao Zhang, Chao Liu, Jie Wang
    Abstract:

    Table S1. TCM syndrome diagnostic scale of QS&BSS. Table S2. Chinese Medicine PRO Scale in Patients of Qi-Stagnation and blood-stasis Syndrome. Table S3. Single Symptom and Sign Scale of QS&BSS. Table S4. Pain Scale of QS&BSS (PDF 360 kb

  • Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu capsule in the treatment of Qi Stagnation and blood stasis syndrome: a study protocol for a randomised controlled pilot and feasibility trial
    BMC, 2018
    Co-Authors: Guang Che, Jialiang Gao, Yu Liu, Chenhao Zhang, Chao Liu, Jie Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Qi Stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (QS&BSS) is one of the common Zhengs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which manifests as various symptoms and signs, such as distending pain or a tingling sensation in a fixed position. In recent years, a number of clinical trials have focused on the effectiveness and safety of XFZYC in patients with a QS&BSS subtype disease, such as coronary heart disease, hyperlipidaemia, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, gastritis, dysmenorrhoea, or arthritis, in terms of the outcomes of relevant diseases. However, there is lack of evidence of the effects of XFZYC in patients with QS&BSS with different diseases, focusing on the outcomes of Zhengs. Methods/Design A randomised, controlled, pilot and feasibility trial will be employed in this study, using a 7-week study period. Participants will be recruited from Guang’anmen Hospital, Huguosi TCM Hospital, Wangjing Hospital in China. One hundred and twenty participants will be randomised to a treatment group (Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu Capsule (XFZYC)) and placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants included in the study must be diagnosed with Qi Stagnation and blood stasis syndrome criteria. The outcome measurements will include the traditional Chinese medicine patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale for QS&BSS, the single symptom and sign scale of QS&BSS, and the pain scale of QS&BSS. The clinical data management system (http://www.tcmcec.net/) will be used to collect and manage the data. Quality control will be used, according to Good Clinical Practice (GCP). Discussion Previous studies were expected to evaluate whether the addition of XFZYC to standard routine treatment would enhance the treatment effectiveness and improve the biomedical parameters pertaining to relevant disease. However, this trial is focused on the outcome of Zhengs, and we chose a range of outcome measurements to assess the improvement of relevant symptoms and signs. This trial is the first study designed to define and optimise the outcome measurements of Zhengs of XFZYC in the treatment of patients with QS&BSS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03091634. Registered on 12 August 2018. Release date 6 May 2017

  • Correlation Analysis between Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
    Hindawi Limited, 2018
    Co-Authors: Chenhao Zhang, Chaolia Huang, Mingming Wang, Xiaoli Kong, Guanna Liu, Jie Wang
    Abstract:

    Objective. To explore the characters of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to provide syndrome study theoretical evidence for TCM differentiation treatment after PCI through retrospective study. Methods. Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who underwent PCI in Cardiovascular Intervention Center of Wangjing Hospital during Dec. 2012 to Dec. 2014 and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Retrospective study was then conducted based on patients’ clinical document and angiography data to explore the distribution pattern of TCM syndromes. Results. 801 patients were recruited in the study. TCM syndromes in descending order of their incidence were Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, heart blood stasis syndrome, Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome, phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, Qi Stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, Yang asthenia syndrome, heart and kidney yin deficiency syndrome to cold congeal, and blood stasis syndrome in a more to less order. Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was in the most (occurring in 298 patients, 37.20%); Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome occurred in 163 patients (20.35%); heart blood stasis syndrome was shown in 126 patients (15.73%); phlegm and blood stasis syndrome was shown in 95 patients (11.86%). Conclusion. Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was closely associated with post-PCI bleeding, implying that this syndrome might serve as a powerful predictor of GI bleeding as well as a potential supplement to the current predicting and scoring system of bleeding such as CRUSADE

  • The Effects of Xuefu Zhuyu and Shengmai on the Evolution of Syndromes and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial
    Hindawi Limited, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jie Wang, Jianxi Che, Xiaoche Yang, Fuyong Chu, Kuiwu Yao, Fei Teng, Yonghong Gao, Yanhui Xing
    Abstract:

    We evaluated the effects of the Xuefu Zhuyu capsule (XFZY) and the Shengmai capsule (SM) on the evolution of syndromes and inflammatory markers in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Ninety patients with UAP after PCI were randomly and equally assigned to three groups: the XFZY group, the SM group, and the placebo group, with 30 patients in each group. Six syndrome factors (including Qi deficiency, yin deficiency, yang deficiency, blood stasis, phlegm, and Qi Stagnation) and 4 inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), endothelins-1 (ET-1), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and homocysteine (Hcy)) were observed at week 0 and at the 1st, 4th and 12th weeks. In conclusion, the evolution of syndromes present in patients with UAP after PCI followed these trends (1) The deficiency syndromes gradually increased during a 12-week period, but the excess syndromes first gradually decreased and then mildly increased after PCI. (2) XFZY and SM can prevent excess syndromes from increasing in the later stages and prevent deficiency syndromes from increasing in all stages. (3) XFZY and SMcan reduce the levels of the inflammatory markers, especially in the later stages after PCI

Wing-fai Yeung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Review Article Classification of Insomnia Using the Traditional Chinese Medicine System: A Systematic Review
    2016
    Co-Authors: Maggie Man-ki Poo, Ka-fai Chung, Wing-fai Yeung
    Abstract:

    License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A systematic reviewwas conducted to examine traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM) patterns commonly diagnosed in subjects with insomnia and clinical features associated with the TCM patterns, and an insomnia symptom checklist for TCM diagnostic purpose was developed based on the review. Two independent researchers searched the China Academic Journals Full-Text Database and 10 English databases. A total of 103 studies and 9499 subjects were analyzed. There was a wide variation in terminology relating to symptomatology and TCM pattern. We identified 69 patterns, with the top 3 patterns (i.e., deficiency of both the heart and spleen, hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency, and liver-Qi Stagnation transforming into fire) and the top 10 patterns covering 51.8 % and 77.4 % of the 9499 subjects, respectively. There were 19 sleep-related, 92 non-sleep-related, 14 tongue, and 7 pulse features included as diagnostic criteria of the top 10 TCM patterns for insomnia. Excessive dreaming, dizziness, red tongue, and fine pulse were the most common sleep-related, non-sleep-related, tongue, and pulse features. Overlapping symptomatology between the TCM patterns was present. A standardized symptom checklist consisted of 92 items, including 13 sleep-related, 61 non-sleep-related, 11 tongue, and 7 pulse items, holds promise as a diagnostic tool and merits further validation. 1

  • TCM Pattern Questionnaire for Lateral Elbow Pain: Development of an Instrument via a Delphi Process
    Hindawi Limited, 2016
    Co-Authors: Marcus Gadau, Shi-ping Zhang, Wing-fai Yeung
    Abstract:

    Individualized acupuncture treatment has been practiced for pain therapy. This study used acupuncture treatment for lateral elbow pain (LEP) as an example to study the diagnostic practice of individualized acupuncture treatment. A provisional version of LEP pattern questionnaire was developed based on a recent systematic review on TCM pattern diagnosis for LEP. A Delphi panel of 33 clinical experts from seven different countries was formed, and the Delphi survey was conducted in Chinese and English language for two rounds. Consensus was achieved from all 26 panelists who responded to the second round on 243 items of the instrument, which included a 72-question-long questionnaire. The mean level of expert consensus on the items of the final questionnaire was 85%. Consensus was found on four TCM patterns that could underlie LEP, namely, the wind-cold-dampness pattern, the Qi Stagnation and blood stasis pattern, the dual deficiency of Qi and blood pattern, and the retained dampness-heat pattern. A list of signs and symptoms indicating one of the four TCM patterns and a list of preferred treatment modalities for each pattern were also generated. Our instrument shows considerable content validity. Further validity and reliability studies are under way

  • Prescription of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pattern-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Depression: A Systematic Review
    Hindawi Limited, 2015
    Co-Authors: Wing-fai Yeung, Ka-fai Chung, Shi-ping Zhang, Eric Tat-chi Ziea
    Abstract:

    Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments are often prescribed based on individuals’ pattern diagnoses. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in Chinese and English literatures on TCM pattern-based treatment for depression has therefore been conducted. A total of 61 studies, 2504 subjects, and 27 TCM patterns were included. Due to the large variation of TCM pattern among participants, we only analyzed the top four commonly studied TCM patterns: liver Qi depression, liver depression and spleen deficiency, dual deficiency of the heart, and spleen and liver depression and Qi Stagnation. We found that Xiaoyao decoction was the most frequently used herbal formula for the treatment of liver Qi depression and liver depression with spleen deficiency, while Chaihu Shugan decoction was often used for liver depression and Qi Stagnation. Bai Shao (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) and Chai Hu (Bupleurum chinense DC.) were commonly used across different TCM patterns regardless of the prescribed Chinese herbal formulas. The rationale underlying herb selection was seldom provided. Due to the limited number of studies on TCM pattern-based treatment of depression and their low methodological quality, we are unable to draw any conclusion regarding which herbal formulas have higher efficacy and which TCM patterns respond better to CHM

  • Classification of Insomnia Using the Traditional Chinese Medicine System: A Systematic Review
    Hindawi Limited, 2012
    Co-Authors: Maggie Man-ki Poo, Wing-fai Yeung, Ka-fai Chung, Verdi Hon-ki Yau, Shi-ping Zhang
    Abstract:

    A systematic review was conducted to examine traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patterns commonly diagnosed in subjects with insomnia and clinical features associated with the TCM patterns, and an insomnia symptom checklist for TCM diagnostic purpose was developed based on the review. Two independent researchers searched the China Academic Journals Full-Text Database and 10 English databases. A total of 103 studies and 9499 subjects were analyzed. There was a wide variation in terminology relating to symptomatology and TCM pattern. We identified 69 patterns, with the top 3 patterns (i.e., deficiency of both the heart and spleen, hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency, and liver-Qi Stagnation transforming into fire) and the top 10 patterns covering 51.8% and 77.4% of the 9499 subjects, respectively. There were 19 sleep-related, 92 non-sleep-related, 14 tongue, and 7 pulse features included as diagnostic criteria of the top 10 TCM patterns for insomnia. Excessive dreaming, dizziness, red tongue, and fine pulse were the most common sleep-related, non-sleep-related, tongue, and pulse features. Overlapping symptomatology between the TCM patterns was present. A standardized symptom checklist consisted of 92 items, including 13 sleep-related, 61 non-sleep-related, 11 tongue, and 7 pulse items, holds promise as a diagnostic tool and merits further validation

Qi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • correlation between tibetan and traditional chinese medicine body constitutions a cross sectional study of tibetan college students in the tibet autonomous region
    Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ouzhu Ciren, Qi Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective To evaluate the correlation between the body constitution types of Tibetan medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods The cluster sampling method was employed to recruit participants from a university in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibetan medicine and TCM questionnaires were respectively used to assess the participants' constitution information. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the baseline and constitution characteristics of the participants. Two-factor correlation analysis and the paired chi-square test were applied to analyze the correlation between Tibetan and TCM constitution types. Results Data from 466 Tibetan students were analyzed. The mean scores of the rlung, mkhris pa, and bad kan constitution types in Tibetan medicine were 43.2 (11.1), 42.1 (10.1), and 45.0 (8.0), respectively; participants with the three-factor convergence body constitution type accounted for 13.7% of the whole population. Among the TCM constitution types, Qi Stagnation was the most common (21.5%), followed by the balance type (16.5%); the other constitutions detected were Qi deficiency, yin deficiency, and yang deficiency. The rate of consistency for the identification of the three-factor convergence constitution in Tibetan medicine and the balance constitution in TCM was 89.1%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.57 (P > .05). The rlung constitution in Tibetan medicine was associated with the yin deficiency, yang deficiency, and blood stasis constitutions in TCM. The mkhris pa constitution in Tibetan medicine was associated with the damp heat and yin deficiency constitutions in TCM. The bad kan constitution in Tibetan medicine was associated with the phlegm dampness, Qi deficiency, and yin deficiency constitutions in TCM. Conclusion There is a correlation between the body constitution types of Tibetan medicine and TCM. The reliability and validity of the Questionnaire for Tibetan Medicine Constitution requires improvement, and more studies with larger sample sizes and more varied populations are warranted to verify the correlation between Tibetan medicine and TCM constitutions.

  • Correlation between Tibetan and traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions: A cross-sectional study of Tibetan college students in the Tibet Autonomous Region
    Elsevier, 2018
    Co-Authors: Hui Luo, Ouzhu Cire, Shujua Hou, Qi Wang
    Abstract:

    Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the body constitution types of Tibetan medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: The cluster sampling method was employed to recruit participants from a university in the Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibetan medicine and TCM questionnaires were respectively used to assess the participants' constitution information. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the baseline and constitution characteristics of the participants. Two-factor correlation analysis and the paired chi-square test were applied to analyze the correlation between Tibetan and TCM constitution types. Results: Data from 466 Tibetan students were analyzed. The mean scores of the rlung, mkhris pa, and bad kan constitution types in Tibetan medicine were 43.2 (11.1), 42.1 (10.1), and 45.0 (8.0), respectively; participants with the three-factor convergence body constitution type accounted for 13.7% of the whole population. Among the TCM constitution types, Qi Stagnation was the most common (21.5%), followed by the balance type (16.5%); the other constitutions detected were Qi deficiency, yin deficiency, and yang deficiency. The rate of consistency for the identification of the three-factor convergence constitution in Tibetan medicine and the balance constitution in TCM was 89.1%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.57 (P > .05). The rlung constitution in Tibetan medicine was associated with the yin deficiency, yang deficiency, and blood stasis constitutions in TCM. The mkhris pa constitution in Tibetan medicine was associated with the damp heat and yin deficiency constitutions in TCM. The bad kan constitution in Tibetan medicine was associated with the phlegm dampness, Qi deficiency, and yin deficiency constitutions in TCM. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the body constitution types of Tibetan medicine and TCM. The reliability and validity of the Questionnaire for Tibetan Medicine Constitution requires improvement, and more studies with larger sample sizes and more varied populations are warranted to verify the correlation between Tibetan medicine and TCM constitutions. Keywords: Tibetan medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine, Body constitution, Cross-sectional study, Correlation analysi

Shi-ping Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • TCM Pattern Questionnaire for Lateral Elbow Pain: Development of an Instrument via a Delphi Process
    Hindawi Limited, 2016
    Co-Authors: Marcus Gadau, Shi-ping Zhang, Wing-fai Yeung
    Abstract:

    Individualized acupuncture treatment has been practiced for pain therapy. This study used acupuncture treatment for lateral elbow pain (LEP) as an example to study the diagnostic practice of individualized acupuncture treatment. A provisional version of LEP pattern questionnaire was developed based on a recent systematic review on TCM pattern diagnosis for LEP. A Delphi panel of 33 clinical experts from seven different countries was formed, and the Delphi survey was conducted in Chinese and English language for two rounds. Consensus was achieved from all 26 panelists who responded to the second round on 243 items of the instrument, which included a 72-question-long questionnaire. The mean level of expert consensus on the items of the final questionnaire was 85%. Consensus was found on four TCM patterns that could underlie LEP, namely, the wind-cold-dampness pattern, the Qi Stagnation and blood stasis pattern, the dual deficiency of Qi and blood pattern, and the retained dampness-heat pattern. A list of signs and symptoms indicating one of the four TCM patterns and a list of preferred treatment modalities for each pattern were also generated. Our instrument shows considerable content validity. Further validity and reliability studies are under way

  • Prescription of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pattern-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Depression: A Systematic Review
    Hindawi Limited, 2015
    Co-Authors: Wing-fai Yeung, Ka-fai Chung, Shi-ping Zhang, Eric Tat-chi Ziea
    Abstract:

    Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments are often prescribed based on individuals’ pattern diagnoses. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials in Chinese and English literatures on TCM pattern-based treatment for depression has therefore been conducted. A total of 61 studies, 2504 subjects, and 27 TCM patterns were included. Due to the large variation of TCM pattern among participants, we only analyzed the top four commonly studied TCM patterns: liver Qi depression, liver depression and spleen deficiency, dual deficiency of the heart, and spleen and liver depression and Qi Stagnation. We found that Xiaoyao decoction was the most frequently used herbal formula for the treatment of liver Qi depression and liver depression with spleen deficiency, while Chaihu Shugan decoction was often used for liver depression and Qi Stagnation. Bai Shao (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) and Chai Hu (Bupleurum chinense DC.) were commonly used across different TCM patterns regardless of the prescribed Chinese herbal formulas. The rationale underlying herb selection was seldom provided. Due to the limited number of studies on TCM pattern-based treatment of depression and their low methodological quality, we are unable to draw any conclusion regarding which herbal formulas have higher efficacy and which TCM patterns respond better to CHM

  • Classification of Insomnia Using the Traditional Chinese Medicine System: A Systematic Review
    Hindawi Limited, 2012
    Co-Authors: Maggie Man-ki Poo, Wing-fai Yeung, Ka-fai Chung, Verdi Hon-ki Yau, Shi-ping Zhang
    Abstract:

    A systematic review was conducted to examine traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patterns commonly diagnosed in subjects with insomnia and clinical features associated with the TCM patterns, and an insomnia symptom checklist for TCM diagnostic purpose was developed based on the review. Two independent researchers searched the China Academic Journals Full-Text Database and 10 English databases. A total of 103 studies and 9499 subjects were analyzed. There was a wide variation in terminology relating to symptomatology and TCM pattern. We identified 69 patterns, with the top 3 patterns (i.e., deficiency of both the heart and spleen, hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency, and liver-Qi Stagnation transforming into fire) and the top 10 patterns covering 51.8% and 77.4% of the 9499 subjects, respectively. There were 19 sleep-related, 92 non-sleep-related, 14 tongue, and 7 pulse features included as diagnostic criteria of the top 10 TCM patterns for insomnia. Excessive dreaming, dizziness, red tongue, and fine pulse were the most common sleep-related, non-sleep-related, tongue, and pulse features. Overlapping symptomatology between the TCM patterns was present. A standardized symptom checklist consisted of 92 items, including 13 sleep-related, 61 non-sleep-related, 11 tongue, and 7 pulse items, holds promise as a diagnostic tool and merits further validation

Wf Yeung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pattern differentiation of lateral elbow pain in traditional Chinese medicine : a systematic review
    'Mary Ann Liebert Inc', 2016
    Co-Authors: Gadau M, Sp Zhang, Hy Yip, Wf Yeung, Ia Z, Zaslawski C
    Abstract:

    Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) uses a sophisticated diagnostic system called pattern differentiation, which allows for the tailor-made treatment of individuals.Objective: This study aimed to identify the commonly used TCM patterns for lateral elbow pain (LEP), as well as the clinical features associated with these patterns. Method: Journal literature in 15 major Chinese and English databases and textbooks from five medical libraries as well as Chinamaxx were reviewed.Results: Five hundred and fifty-five full-text journal articles, as well as 465 textbooks, were retrieved for further assessment, but only eight studies and seven books that mentioned LEP patterns could be identified and included in this study. The top four patterns that were identified were the wind-cold-dampness pattern, the Qi Stagnation and blood stasis pattern, the dual deficiency of Qi and blood pattern, and the retained dampness-heat pattern, each of which was associated with unique features that were made up of distinct signs and symptoms.Conclusions: The unique features identified for each of the major patterns might be the key to understanding TCM individualized treatment based on pattern differentiation. Furthermore, the approach taken in studying TCM pattern of LEP may also be useful for studying the TCM patterns of other musculoskeletal conditions.School of Nursin

  • TCM Pattern Questionnaire for lateral elbow pain : development of an instrument via a delphi process
    'Hindawi Limited', 2016
    Co-Authors: Gadau M, Sp Zhang, Wf Yeung, Ia Z
    Abstract:

    Individualized acupuncture treatment has been practiced for pain therapy. This study used acupuncture treatment for lateral elbow pain (LEP) as an example to study the diagnostic practice of individualized acupuncture treatment. A provisional version of LEP pattern questionnaire was developed based on a recent systematic review on TCM pattern diagnosis for LEP. A Delphi panel of 33 clinical experts from seven different countries was formed, and the Delphi survey was conducted in Chinese and English language for two rounds. Consensus was achieved from all 26 panelists who responded to the second round on 243 items of the instrument, which included a 72-question-long questionnaire. The mean level of expert consensus on the items of the final questionnaire was 85%. Consensus was found on four TCM patterns that could underlie LEP, namely, the wind-cold-dampness pattern, the Qi Stagnation and blood stasis pattern, the dual deficiency of Qi and blood pattern, and the retained dampness-heat pattern. A list of signs and symptoms indicating one of the four TCM patterns and a list of preferred treatment modalities for each pattern were also generated. Our instrument shows considerable content validity. Further validity and reliability studies are under way.School of Nursingpublished_fina

  • Classification of insomnia using the traditional chinese medicine system: A systematic review
    'Hindawi Limited', 2012
    Co-Authors: Poo Mmk, Sp Zhang, Kf Chung, Yau Vhk, Wf Yeung
    Abstract:

    A systematic review was conducted to examine traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patterns commonly diagnosed in subjects with insomnia and clinical features associated with the TCM patterns, and an insomnia symptom checklist for TCM diagnostic purpose was developed based on the review. Two independent researchers searched the China Academic Journals Full-Text Database and 10 English databases. A total of 103 studies and 9499 subjects were analyzed. There was a wide variation in terminology relating to symptomatology and TCM pattern. We identified 69 patterns, with the top 3 patterns (i.e., deficiency of both the heart and spleen, hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency, and liver-Qi Stagnation transforming into fire) and the top 10 patterns covering 51.8 and 77.4 of the 9499 subjects, respectively. There were 19 sleep-related, 92 non-sleep-related, 14 tongue, and 7 pulse features included as diagnostic criteria of the top 10 TCM patterns for insomnia. Excessive dreaming, dizziness, red tongue, and fine pulse were the most common sleep-related, non-sleep-related, tongue, and pulse features. Overlapping symptomatology between the TCM patterns was present. A standardized symptom checklist consisted of 92 items, including 13 sleep-related, 61 non-sleep-related, 11 tongue, and 7 pulse items, holds promise as a diagnostic tool and merits further validation. © 2012 Maggie Man-Ki Poon et al.published_or_final_versio