The Experts below are selected from a list of 36744 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Linda A Parker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Abstract Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB 1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Δ 9 -THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Δ 9 -THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Δ 9 -THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
-
Effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Abstract Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB 1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Δ 9 -THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Δ 9 -THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Δ 9 -THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
-
Effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test.
Physiology & behavior, 2006Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Delta9-THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Delta9-THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Delta9-THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
Maegan M Jarrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Abstract Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB 1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Δ 9 -THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Δ 9 -THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Δ 9 -THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
-
Effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Abstract Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB 1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Δ 9 -THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Δ 9 -THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Δ 9 -THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
-
Effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test.
Physiology & behavior, 2006Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Delta9-THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Delta9-THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Delta9-THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
Jordan Scantlebury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Abstract Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB 1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Δ 9 -THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Δ 9 -THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Δ 9 -THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
-
Effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test
Physiology & Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Abstract Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB 1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Δ 9 -THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Δ 9 -THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Δ 9 -THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
-
Effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Quinine palatability and AM251 on sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test.
Physiology & behavior, 2006Co-Authors: Maegan M Jarrett, Jordan Scantlebury, Linda A ParkerAbstract:Here we provide evidence that the cannabinoid agonist, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) enhances Quinine palatability and the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, reduces sucrose and Quinine palatability using the taste reactivity test, which provides a direct measure of palatability independently of appetitive behavior. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with a low dose of Delta9-THC (0.5 mg/kg) or Vehicle 30 min, 60 min, 120 min or 240 min prior to a 5-min intraoral infusion of a highly unpalatable 0.05% Quinine solution. Regardless of the post-injection interval, Delta9-THC reduced rejection of Quinine. The Delta9-THC-induced palatability shift was reversed by AM251. In Experiment 2, rats were injected with either AM251 (1 mg/kg) or Vehicle prior to receiving a 5-min intraoral infusion of either 32% sucrose or 0.05% Quinine solution. AM251 significantly decreased sucrose-elicited hedonic reactions across both time intervals; however, AM251 did not significantly modify the rejection of 0.05% Quinine solution. When the concentration of the Quinine solution was reduced to 0.01% in Experiment 3, AM251 enhanced Quinine aversion. Although the range of concentrations of the solutions tested in the present data is limited, our results suggest that the cannabinoid system may modulate the palatability of ingested substances regardless of the palatability of the ingested substance.
James N. George - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Diversity and severity of adverse reactions to Quinine: A systematic review: Adverse Reactions to Quinine
American journal of hematology, 2016Co-Authors: Nathan W. Liles, Evaren E. Page, Amber L. Liles, Sara K. Vesely, Gary E. Raskob, James N. GeorgeAbstract:Quinine is a common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia and the most common cause of drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy. Other Quinine-induced systemic disorders have been described. To understand the complete clinical spectrum of adverse reactions to Quinine we searched 11 databases for articles that provided sufficient data to allow evaluation of levels of evidence supporting a causal association with Quinine. Three reviewers independently determined the levels of evidence, including both immune-mediated and toxic adverse reactions. The principal focus of this review was on acute, immune-mediated reactions. The source of Quinine exposure, the involved organ systems, the severity of the adverse reactions, and patient outcomes were documented. One hundred-fourteen articles described 142 patients with definite or probable evidence for a causal association of Quinine with acute, immune-mediated reactions. These reactions included chills, fever, hypotension, painful acral cyanosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, liver toxicity, cardiac ischemia, respiratory failure, hypoglycemia, blindness, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. One hundred-two (72%) reactions were caused by Quinine pills; 28 (20%) by Quinine-containing beverages; 12 (8%) by five other types of exposures. Excluding 41 patients who had only dermatologic reactions, 92 (91%) of 101 patients had required hospitalization for severe illness; 30 required renal replacement therapy; three died. Quinine, even with only minute exposure from common beverages, can cause severe adverse reactions involving multiple organ systems. In patients with acute, multi-system disorders of unknown origin, an adverse reaction to Quinine should be considered.
Éric Bourg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Humidity as an aversive stimulus in learning inDrosophila melanogaster
Learning & Behavior, 2005Co-Authors: Éric BourgAbstract:The learned suppression of photopositive tendencies was studied at the individual level in young flies of both sexes. In a T-maze, flies had to choose between an arm leading to a lighted vial associated with an aversive stimulus (i.e., a solution of Quinine chlorhydrate deposited on a filter paper in the vial) and another arm leading to a darkened vial free of Quinine. The present experiments were carried out to determine the roles of Quinine and relative humidity in the maze. The flies avoided the lighted vial containing Quinine even if they had no tarsal contact with Quinine, and this result was not due to any odor of Quinine. Subsequent experiments showed that relative humidity in the lighted vial, and probably in the arm leading to it, was an aversive stimulus, which partly explains why the flies avoided the lighted vial. However, in conditions in which the flies had tarsal contact with water or Quinine it was confirmed that flies trained with Quinine have higher avoidance scores than those trained with water only. Moreover, individual aversion to humidity was not correlated with the individual avoidance score: At similar levels of motivation (i.e., similar levels of aversion to humidity), some flies learn to avoid the lighted vial containing Quinine whereas others do not. All these results show that, in addition to Quinine, humidity is an unconditioned aversive stimulus in our paradigm and thus needs to be tightly controlled in experiments of conditioned avoidance.
-
Humidity as an aversive stimulus in learning in Drosophila melanogaster.
Learning & Behavior, 2005Co-Authors: Éric BourgAbstract:The learned suppression of photopositive tendencies was studied at the individual level in young flies of both sexes. In a T-maze, flies had to choose between an arm leading to a lighted vial associated with an aversive stimulus (i.e., a solution of Quinine chlorhydrate deposited on a filter paper in the vial) and another arm leading to a darkened vial free of Quinine. The present experiments were carried out to determine the roles of Quinine and relative humidity in the maze. The flies avoided the lighted vial containing Quinine even if they had no tarsal contact with Quinine, and this result was not due to any odor of Quinine. Subsequent experiments showed that relative humidity in the lighted vial, and probably in the arm leading to it, was an aversive stimulus, which partly explains why the flies avoided the lighted vial. However, in conditions in which the flies had tarsal contact with water or Quinine it was confirmed that flies trained with Quinine have higher avoidance scores than those trained with water only. Moreover, individual aversion to humidity was not correlated with the individual avoidance score: At similar levels of motivation (i.e., similar levels of aversion to humidity), some flies learn to avoid the lighted vial containing Quinine whereas others do not. All these results show that, in addition to Quinine, humidity is an unconditioned aversive stimulus in our paradigm and thus needs to be tightly controlled in experiments of conditioned avoidance.
