The Experts below are selected from a list of 16116 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Winston T H Koh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of vehicle ownership and market competition theory and singapore s experience with the vehicle Quota System
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2003Co-Authors: Winston T H KohAbstract:Since its introduction in 1990, Singapore's vehicle Quota System (VQS) has been extensively studied, but limited data has prevented a full analysis of the impact of the VQS on some aspects of the car distributor industry. This study uses data recently made available by the Land Transport Authority of Singapore to analyze the populations and new registrations of different brands of passenger cars and motorcycles. Findings show an increase in concentration of the car distributorship industry, as the market shares of the top distributors have steadily increased even though the annual growth rate of vehicle population is capped at 3% per year. Average dealer markups for the period of August 2002 to September 2003 are similar to those reported in earlier studies. These empirical findings are then related to a theoretical model of a differentiated-good oligopoly operating under an industry sales constraint. This model predicts that competition among car distributors may intensify, increasing the pressure of profitability. A simple model of the optimal vehicle Quota based on several simplifying assumptions is also presented to illustrate the possibility of complementing the existing method of determining the annual license Quota with an empirical estimate of the optimal Quota.
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control of vehicle ownership and market competition theory and singapore s experience with the vehicle Quota System
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2003Co-Authors: Winston T H KohAbstract:Abstract This paper studies the impact of vehicle Quota System on the market structure of Singapore’s car distributorship industry. Using recently available data, we analyzed the populations and new registrations of different brands of passenger car and motorcycle. We found an increase in market concentration in the car distributorship industry, as the market shares of the top distributors have increased steadily, even though the annual growth rate of vehicle population is capped at 3% per annum. We also found that average dealership markups for passenger cars for the period August–September 2002 are similar to those reported in earlier studies. We relate these empirical findings to a theoretical model of a differentiated-good oligopoly operating under an industry sales constraint.
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the vehicle Quota System in singapore an assessment
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 1994Co-Authors: Winston T H Koh, David Kuo Chuen LeeAbstract:Abstract This paper reviews the developments since the vehicle Quota System was introduced in Singapore in May 1990. We discuss the bidding strategies for the certificates of entitlement (COE) under both the transferable and nontransferable auctions, as well as the equity of the present System and the desirability of transferable COEs. We argue that the COE auction should be made discriminatory and propose an alternative System of COE auction that we feel is both equitable and at the same time politically acceptable. We also survey developments in market competition in the car industry.
Singfat Chu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mitigating supply and price volatilities in singapore s vehicle Quota System
Transportation, 2014Co-Authors: Singfat ChuAbstract:Traffic congestion in city-state Singapore is managed by vehicle ownership restraint complemented with usage charges in bottleneck zones. A certificate of entitlement (COE) obtained from auctions held twice a month is required to register any new vehicle. As Singapore sticks to a target vehicle population, the Quota of COEs availed in the auctions hinges critically on the number of vehicles deregistered before the 10 years expiry of the COE. The paper demonstrates that vehicle deregistrations are negatively influenced by the prevailing COE prices. This engenders boom and bust cycles in the COE Quotas and thereby spurs price volatility. It is also shown that below an empirically-derived breakpoint Quota, COE prices surge and they may also correlate negatively with bidding competition. To avoid such undesirable situations, a proposal is made to allocate the breakpoint Quota as a minimum by borrowing from future Quotas. This will help smooth Quota and price volatilities while adhering to medium-term vehicle population targets. The practicality of the proposal is discussed against various alternatives.
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allocation flexibility and price efficiency within singapore s vehicle Quota System
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2012Co-Authors: Singfat ChuAbstract:Abstract Permit or license plate Quotas are highly effective albeit controversial policy tools for managing growth in the vehicle population and thereby, adverse traffic congestion. A judicious distribution of the scarce permits that targets the dual objectives of price efficiency and social diversity in vehicle ownership can however mitigate the controversy. This paper scrutinizes the attainment levels of these two objectives within Singapore’s multi-categorical Vehicle Quota System in two time periods (1991–1998 and 2002–2011) which differ in the number of permit allocation categories, the auction format used (sealed versus open bids) and in the frequency of distribution (monthly versus semimonthly). The lessons derived are contrasted to the other two jurisdictions which have also implemented Quotas on their vehicle registrations namely, Shanghai and Beijing.
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sealed v s open bids for certificates of entitlement under the vehicle Quota System in singapore
Transportation, 2011Co-Authors: Singfat ChuAbstract:The Vehicle Quota System manages vehicle ownership in Singapore by making the procurement of a Certificate of Entitlement (COE) a prerequisite for the registration of a new vehicle. The procurement is done during uniform price auctions of Quotas of COEs currently held on a twice-a-month schedule. The auction format which started out as sealed bids in May 1990 changed to open bids in July 2001. This paper uses a regression model framework to investigate if this shift in auction format has resulted in lower COE premium volatility and a better reflection of demand and supply forces. The empirical results are pertinent to transport policy analysis. A suggestion in the form of incentives for early bids is also made to improve the efficiency of the open bids auction.
Akira Ishida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does gender division of labour matters for the differences in access to agricultural extension services a case study in north west ethiopia
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Asres Elias, Kumi Yasunobu, Motohiko Nohmi, Akira IshidaAbstract:Women farmers comprise, on average, 43% of the agricultural labour force in developing countries. However, despite their role in agricultural production, their work remains largely unrecognized and they have been virtually ignored by agricultural intervention programs. Thus the aim of this study is to analyze the gender division of labour in agricultural production and identify the real causes of women farmers’ absence in agricultural extension services using a case study conducted in three rural villages of North West Ethiopia. Despite women’s significant role in crop and livestock production in the study area, only 15.8% of women heads are users of the extension service whereas men heads account for the lion share (70.7%). The Quota System imposed on extension workers that led them to target resource-rich farmers combined with women’s poor access to resources are the most important factors for the denial of women’s client-ship in extension services. Capturing the differences between men and women in terms of productive assets should be boldly underlined to design gender responsive services. Moreover, minimizing the effect of quantitative targeting of clients and developing policies and programs that strengthen women’s physical access to resources remain important.
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does gender division of labour matters for the differences in access to agricultural extension services a case study in north west ethiopia
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Asres Elias, Kumi Yasunobu, Motohiko Nohmi, Akira IshidaAbstract:Women farmers comprise, on average, 43% of the agricultural labour force in developing countries. However, despite their role in agricultural production, their work remains largely unrecognized and they have been virtually ignored by agricultural intervention programs. Thus the aim of this study is to analyze the gender division of labour in agricultural production and identify the real causes of women farmers’ absence in agricultural extension services using a case study conducted in three rural villages of North West Ethiopia. Despite women’s significant role in crop and livestock production in the study area, only 15.8% of women heads are users of the extension service whereas men heads account for the lion share (70.7%). The Quota System imposed on extension workers that led them to target resource-rich farmers combined with women’s poor access to resources are the most important factors for the denial of women’s client-ship in extension services. Capturing the differences between men and women in terms of productive assets should be boldly underlined to design gender responsive services. Moreover, minimizing the effect of quantitative targeting of clients and developing policies and programs that strengthen women’s physical access to resources remain important.
Stephanie Mcwhinnie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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profit efficiency of the south australian rock lobster fishery a nerlovian and directional distance function approach
Marine Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Kofi Otumawuapreku, Stephanie McwhinnieAbstract:Abstract Efficiency analyses are used in fisheries to understand the contributions of inputs, outputs and management to productivity. Previous efficiency analyses have mainly focused on productivity, cost and revenue, with relatively few investigating profit efficiency that enables analysis of the mix of inputs and outputs. Negative profits and small sample sizes in fisheries have been some of the obstacles diverting attention from this direction. We consider a new approach in the context of fisheries to overcome these challenges and examine profit efficiency in the South Australian rock lobster fishery. Specifically, we apply Nerlovian and directional distance function methods to decompose profit efficiency of the rock lobster fishery into technical and allocative efficiencies. We use local and meta-frontier efficiency techniques to compare the northern and southern zone rock lobster fisheries. In contrast to observations based on profit levels, the profit efficiency analysis shows no significant difference between northern and southern zones. In addition, we examine the effect of implementation of a Quota System in the north to match the south and find that biological conditions hindered efficiency gains being fully realized after the implementation of the Quota System.
Asres Elias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does gender division of labour matters for the differences in access to agricultural extension services a case study in north west ethiopia
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Asres Elias, Kumi Yasunobu, Motohiko Nohmi, Akira IshidaAbstract:Women farmers comprise, on average, 43% of the agricultural labour force in developing countries. However, despite their role in agricultural production, their work remains largely unrecognized and they have been virtually ignored by agricultural intervention programs. Thus the aim of this study is to analyze the gender division of labour in agricultural production and identify the real causes of women farmers’ absence in agricultural extension services using a case study conducted in three rural villages of North West Ethiopia. Despite women’s significant role in crop and livestock production in the study area, only 15.8% of women heads are users of the extension service whereas men heads account for the lion share (70.7%). The Quota System imposed on extension workers that led them to target resource-rich farmers combined with women’s poor access to resources are the most important factors for the denial of women’s client-ship in extension services. Capturing the differences between men and women in terms of productive assets should be boldly underlined to design gender responsive services. Moreover, minimizing the effect of quantitative targeting of clients and developing policies and programs that strengthen women’s physical access to resources remain important.
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does gender division of labour matters for the differences in access to agricultural extension services a case study in north west ethiopia
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014Co-Authors: Asres Elias, Kumi Yasunobu, Motohiko Nohmi, Akira IshidaAbstract:Women farmers comprise, on average, 43% of the agricultural labour force in developing countries. However, despite their role in agricultural production, their work remains largely unrecognized and they have been virtually ignored by agricultural intervention programs. Thus the aim of this study is to analyze the gender division of labour in agricultural production and identify the real causes of women farmers’ absence in agricultural extension services using a case study conducted in three rural villages of North West Ethiopia. Despite women’s significant role in crop and livestock production in the study area, only 15.8% of women heads are users of the extension service whereas men heads account for the lion share (70.7%). The Quota System imposed on extension workers that led them to target resource-rich farmers combined with women’s poor access to resources are the most important factors for the denial of women’s client-ship in extension services. Capturing the differences between men and women in terms of productive assets should be boldly underlined to design gender responsive services. Moreover, minimizing the effect of quantitative targeting of clients and developing policies and programs that strengthen women’s physical access to resources remain important.
