Racial Oppression

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Nancy Fraser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Heather K. Terrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale for Black individuals.
    Journal of counseling psychology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tamba-kuii Masai Bailey, Y. Barry Chung, Wendi S. Williams, Anneliese A. Singh, Heather K. Terrell
    Abstract:

    This article describes the development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale (IROS) for Black individuals in 2 studies using a total sample of 468 Black college students. The IROS is intended to measure the degree to which Racial Oppression is internalized and replicated by Black individuals in the United States. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a five-factor solution: Belief in the Biased Representation of History (BRH), Devaluation of the African Worldview and Motifs (DAW), Alteration of Physical Appearance (APA), Internalization of Negative Stereotypes (INS), and Hair Change (HC). Confirmatory factory analysis supported an adequate model fit of a four-factor model: BRH, APA, INS, and HC. All factors of the IROS were positively correlated with the Pre-Encounter subscale of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS-B; J. E. Helms & T. A. Parham, 1996), and 4 of the factors were negatively correlated with the Immersion/Emersion subscale of the RIAS-B. Four factors of the IROS were negatively correlated with all subscales and total scores of the African Self-Consciousness Scale (J. A. Baldwin & Y. R. Bell, 1985). These results provide some support of the validity of the IROS.

Malin Alkestrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Tamba-kuii Masai Bailey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale for Black individuals.
    Journal of counseling psychology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tamba-kuii Masai Bailey, Y. Barry Chung, Wendi S. Williams, Anneliese A. Singh, Heather K. Terrell
    Abstract:

    This article describes the development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale (IROS) for Black individuals in 2 studies using a total sample of 468 Black college students. The IROS is intended to measure the degree to which Racial Oppression is internalized and replicated by Black individuals in the United States. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a five-factor solution: Belief in the Biased Representation of History (BRH), Devaluation of the African Worldview and Motifs (DAW), Alteration of Physical Appearance (APA), Internalization of Negative Stereotypes (INS), and Hair Change (HC). Confirmatory factory analysis supported an adequate model fit of a four-factor model: BRH, APA, INS, and HC. All factors of the IROS were positively correlated with the Pre-Encounter subscale of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS-B; J. E. Helms & T. A. Parham, 1996), and 4 of the factors were negatively correlated with the Immersion/Emersion subscale of the RIAS-B. Four factors of the IROS were negatively correlated with all subscales and total scores of the African Self-Consciousness Scale (J. A. Baldwin & Y. R. Bell, 1985). These results provide some support of the validity of the IROS.

  • Construct Validation of the Interalized Racial Oppression Scale
    2009
    Co-Authors: Tamba-kuii Masai Bailey
    Abstract:

    CONSTRUCT VALIDATION OF THE INTERNALIZED Racial Oppression SCALE by Tamba-Kuii M. Bailey Racism has been identified as a profoundly traumatic and a psychologically damaging experience affecting Black people (Harrell, 2000; White & Parham, 1990; Williams & Williams-Morris, 2000). It has been theorized that one of the most devastating effects Racial Oppression (i.e. racism and discrimination) is the internalization of that Oppression (Bailey, Chung, Williams, & Singh, 2006; Speight, 2007). Speight (2007) argued that an understanding of racism would be incomplete without considering how it is internalized. Internalized Racial Oppression is the process through which Black people consciously and unconsciously internalize and accept the dominant White culture’s oppressive actions and beliefs towards Black people, while at the same time rejecting an African worldview and cultural motifs (Bailey, Chung, Williams, & Singh, 2006). Internalized Racial Oppression is believed to adversely affect the psychological health of Black people. This study examined the construct validity of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale (IROS; Bailey et al., 2006) through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and social desirability. Additionally, this study investigated internalized Racial Oppression as a predictor of the endogenous factors of Psychological Distress, Psychological Well-Being, Personal Self-Esteem, Collective Self-esteem, and Life Satisfaction through the use of latent variable path analysis. It was hypothesized that, similar to Racial Oppression; greater levels of internalized Racial Oppression will predict greater psychological distress, lower psychological well-being, lower personal selfesteem, lower collective self-esteem, and lower satisfaction with life among Black college students. Three hundred seventy Black students (Cohort 1 = 102, Cohort 2 = 268) participated in this study. Cohort 1 consisted of students recruited from a predominately White university in the Southeastern region of the United States. Cohort 2 consisted of a national sample of students. Participants from Cohort 1 completed a pencil and paper survey, while the participants from Cohort 2 completed a survey via online. The results supported the factorial structure of the IROS. Further, the results found that the IROS was a predictor of psychological distress, psychological well-being, collective self-esteem, and satisfaction with life. Implications for research and practice are discussed. CONSTRUCT VALIDATION OF THE INTERNALIZED Racial Oppression SCALE by Tamba-Kuii M. Bailey

Imman Musa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Interrupting Internalized Racial Oppression: A Community Based ACT Intervention
    Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2021
    Co-Authors: Kira Hudson Banks, Spondita Goswami, Dazialee Goodwin, Jadah Petty, Velma Bell, Imman Musa
    Abstract:

    Abstract There is a dearth of psychological intervention research to guide clinicians in supporting individuals who are impacted by systemic racism. Internalized Racial Oppression, adopting the negative beliefs about one’s group, is one pathway through which racism affects mental health. Techniques from Acceptance Commitment Therapy have been found to decrease internalized self-stigma and to mitigate negative mental health symptoms. The current pilot study examined the feasibility of a group-based intervention for Black women targeting internalized Racial Oppression. We found pre-post decreases in internalized Racial Oppression and shame, and psychological distress.