The Experts below are selected from a list of 981 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gunnar Sedin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Water Loss from the Skin of Term and Preterm Infants Nursed under a Radiant Heater
Pediatric research, 1995Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, Saadet Arsan, K Hammarlund, Gunnar Sjörs, Gunnar SedinAbstract:The rate of evaporation from the skin (g/m2/h) was measured in 12 full-term and 16 preterm infants (gestational age 25–34 wk) both during incubator care and when nursed under a Radiant Heater. The method for evaporation rate measurement is noninvasive and based on determination of the water vapor pressure gradient close to the skin surface. Measurements were first made with the infant nursed in an incubator with a controlled environment with respect to humidity, temperature, and air velocity. The measurements in the term infants were performed at an ambient relative humidity (RH) of 50%, and in the preterm infants first at 50% and subsequently at 30–40%. Evaporation rate was then measured with the infant nursed under a Radiant Heater. In term infants, mean evaporation rate was 3.3 g/m2/h during incubator care (RH 50%) and 4.4 g/m2/h during care under the Radiant Heater. In preterm infants, the corresponding values were 15.5 g/m2/h in the incubator at RH 50%, 16.7 g/m2/h at RH 30–40%, and 17.9 g/m2/h under the Radiant Heater. It is concluded that the evaporative water loss from the skin depends on the ambient water vapor pressure, irrespective of whether the infant is nursed in an incubator or under a Radiant Heater. The higher rate of evaporation during care under a Radiant Heater is due to the lower ambient water vapor pressure and not to any direct effect of the nonionizing radiation on the skin.
-
Neonatal Heat Transfer, Routes of Heat Loss and Heat Gain
Thermoregulation of Sick and Low Birth Weight Neonates, 1995Co-Authors: Gunnar SedinAbstract:Metabolic processes produce heat which is principally distributed in the body by the circulation of the blood but also in part by tissue conduction (for review, see 1). To maintain a constant body temperature the heat production and exchange with the environment must balance. Heat produced by the fetus has to pass through the mother to be eliminated and the umbilical circulation is the major route of heat exchange [2]. Immediately after birth the human infant is exposed to a colder temperature than in utero and at the same time fluid evaporates from the skin, with a resulting loss of heat and a decrease in body temperature. This is partly a physiological response as the body temperature at birth is higher than that in subsequent life. Exposure to cold may give rise to thermogenic responses which will increase basal heat production [3, 4, 5, 6, 7], and the skin circulation may decrease to reduce the heat loss [8]. Undue heat loss in an infant early after birth is usually prevented by wiping and covering the infant’s skin. Seriously ill term infants and preterm infants are nursed in an environment in which a normal body temperature can be maintained, either in an incubator at an ambient temperature within the thermoneutral zone, or under a Radiant Heater.
-
Does Non-ionizing Radiant Energy Affect Determination of the Evaporation Rate by the Gradient Method?
Upsala journal of medical sciences, 1991Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, K Hammarlund, P. Å. Öberg, Gunnar SedinAbstract:A study was performed to investigate whether measurements of the evaporation rate from the skin of newborn infants by the gradient method are affected by the presence of non-ionizing radiation from phototherapy equipment or a Radiant Heater. The evaporation rate was measured experimentally with the measuring sensors either exposed to or protected from non-ionizing radiation. Either blue light (phototherapy) or infrared light (Radiant Heater) was used; in the former case the evaporation rate was measured from a beaker of water covered with a semipermeable membrane, and in the latter case from the hand of an adult subject, aluminium foil or with the measuring probe in the air. No adverse effect on the determinations of the evaporation rate was found in the presence of blue light. Infrared radiation caused an error of 0.8 g/m2h when the Radiant Heater was set at its highest effect level or when the ambient humidity was high. At low and moderate levels the observed evaporation rate was not affected. It is con...
-
66 DOES Radiant HEAT INCREASE THE WATER LOSS FROM THE SKIN OF NEWBORN INFANTS
Pediatric Research, 1991Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, Saadet Arsan, K Hammarlund, Gunnar Sjörs, Gunnar SedinAbstract:To investigate whether Radiant heat increases insensible water loss, the evaporation rate from the skin (ER) was measured in term and preterm infants, both during incubator care (A and B) and when nursed under a Radiant Heater (C). Relative humidity in the incubator was 50 % (A) and for the preterm infants measurements were also made at a lower level of humidity (B). The ER was higher when ihe infants were nursed under the Radiant Heater than during care in an incubator with humidified air, but the increase in ER was not greater than expected at that lower level of humidity. Wc conclude that the water loss from the skin depends on ihe ambient vapour pressure, bolh when infants are nursed in incubators and under Radiant Heaters.
Sveinn Kjartansson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Water Loss from the Skin of Term and Preterm Infants Nursed under a Radiant Heater
Pediatric research, 1995Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, Saadet Arsan, K Hammarlund, Gunnar Sjörs, Gunnar SedinAbstract:The rate of evaporation from the skin (g/m2/h) was measured in 12 full-term and 16 preterm infants (gestational age 25–34 wk) both during incubator care and when nursed under a Radiant Heater. The method for evaporation rate measurement is noninvasive and based on determination of the water vapor pressure gradient close to the skin surface. Measurements were first made with the infant nursed in an incubator with a controlled environment with respect to humidity, temperature, and air velocity. The measurements in the term infants were performed at an ambient relative humidity (RH) of 50%, and in the preterm infants first at 50% and subsequently at 30–40%. Evaporation rate was then measured with the infant nursed under a Radiant Heater. In term infants, mean evaporation rate was 3.3 g/m2/h during incubator care (RH 50%) and 4.4 g/m2/h during care under the Radiant Heater. In preterm infants, the corresponding values were 15.5 g/m2/h in the incubator at RH 50%, 16.7 g/m2/h at RH 30–40%, and 17.9 g/m2/h under the Radiant Heater. It is concluded that the evaporative water loss from the skin depends on the ambient water vapor pressure, irrespective of whether the infant is nursed in an incubator or under a Radiant Heater. The higher rate of evaporation during care under a Radiant Heater is due to the lower ambient water vapor pressure and not to any direct effect of the nonionizing radiation on the skin.
-
Does Non-ionizing Radiant Energy Affect Determination of the Evaporation Rate by the Gradient Method?
Upsala journal of medical sciences, 1991Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, K Hammarlund, P. Å. Öberg, Gunnar SedinAbstract:A study was performed to investigate whether measurements of the evaporation rate from the skin of newborn infants by the gradient method are affected by the presence of non-ionizing radiation from phototherapy equipment or a Radiant Heater. The evaporation rate was measured experimentally with the measuring sensors either exposed to or protected from non-ionizing radiation. Either blue light (phototherapy) or infrared light (Radiant Heater) was used; in the former case the evaporation rate was measured from a beaker of water covered with a semipermeable membrane, and in the latter case from the hand of an adult subject, aluminium foil or with the measuring probe in the air. No adverse effect on the determinations of the evaporation rate was found in the presence of blue light. Infrared radiation caused an error of 0.8 g/m2h when the Radiant Heater was set at its highest effect level or when the ambient humidity was high. At low and moderate levels the observed evaporation rate was not affected. It is con...
-
66 DOES Radiant HEAT INCREASE THE WATER LOSS FROM THE SKIN OF NEWBORN INFANTS
Pediatric Research, 1991Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, Saadet Arsan, K Hammarlund, Gunnar Sjörs, Gunnar SedinAbstract:To investigate whether Radiant heat increases insensible water loss, the evaporation rate from the skin (ER) was measured in term and preterm infants, both during incubator care (A and B) and when nursed under a Radiant Heater (C). Relative humidity in the incubator was 50 % (A) and for the preterm infants measurements were also made at a lower level of humidity (B). The ER was higher when ihe infants were nursed under the Radiant Heater than during care in an incubator with humidified air, but the increase in ER was not greater than expected at that lower level of humidity. Wc conclude that the water loss from the skin depends on ihe ambient vapour pressure, bolh when infants are nursed in incubators and under Radiant Heaters.
K Hammarlund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Water Loss from the Skin of Term and Preterm Infants Nursed under a Radiant Heater
Pediatric research, 1995Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, Saadet Arsan, K Hammarlund, Gunnar Sjörs, Gunnar SedinAbstract:The rate of evaporation from the skin (g/m2/h) was measured in 12 full-term and 16 preterm infants (gestational age 25–34 wk) both during incubator care and when nursed under a Radiant Heater. The method for evaporation rate measurement is noninvasive and based on determination of the water vapor pressure gradient close to the skin surface. Measurements were first made with the infant nursed in an incubator with a controlled environment with respect to humidity, temperature, and air velocity. The measurements in the term infants were performed at an ambient relative humidity (RH) of 50%, and in the preterm infants first at 50% and subsequently at 30–40%. Evaporation rate was then measured with the infant nursed under a Radiant Heater. In term infants, mean evaporation rate was 3.3 g/m2/h during incubator care (RH 50%) and 4.4 g/m2/h during care under the Radiant Heater. In preterm infants, the corresponding values were 15.5 g/m2/h in the incubator at RH 50%, 16.7 g/m2/h at RH 30–40%, and 17.9 g/m2/h under the Radiant Heater. It is concluded that the evaporative water loss from the skin depends on the ambient water vapor pressure, irrespective of whether the infant is nursed in an incubator or under a Radiant Heater. The higher rate of evaporation during care under a Radiant Heater is due to the lower ambient water vapor pressure and not to any direct effect of the nonionizing radiation on the skin.
-
Does Non-ionizing Radiant Energy Affect Determination of the Evaporation Rate by the Gradient Method?
Upsala journal of medical sciences, 1991Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, K Hammarlund, P. Å. Öberg, Gunnar SedinAbstract:A study was performed to investigate whether measurements of the evaporation rate from the skin of newborn infants by the gradient method are affected by the presence of non-ionizing radiation from phototherapy equipment or a Radiant Heater. The evaporation rate was measured experimentally with the measuring sensors either exposed to or protected from non-ionizing radiation. Either blue light (phototherapy) or infrared light (Radiant Heater) was used; in the former case the evaporation rate was measured from a beaker of water covered with a semipermeable membrane, and in the latter case from the hand of an adult subject, aluminium foil or with the measuring probe in the air. No adverse effect on the determinations of the evaporation rate was found in the presence of blue light. Infrared radiation caused an error of 0.8 g/m2h when the Radiant Heater was set at its highest effect level or when the ambient humidity was high. At low and moderate levels the observed evaporation rate was not affected. It is con...
-
66 DOES Radiant HEAT INCREASE THE WATER LOSS FROM THE SKIN OF NEWBORN INFANTS
Pediatric Research, 1991Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, Saadet Arsan, K Hammarlund, Gunnar Sjörs, Gunnar SedinAbstract:To investigate whether Radiant heat increases insensible water loss, the evaporation rate from the skin (ER) was measured in term and preterm infants, both during incubator care (A and B) and when nursed under a Radiant Heater (C). Relative humidity in the incubator was 50 % (A) and for the preterm infants measurements were also made at a lower level of humidity (B). The ER was higher when ihe infants were nursed under the Radiant Heater than during care in an incubator with humidified air, but the increase in ER was not greater than expected at that lower level of humidity. Wc conclude that the water loss from the skin depends on ihe ambient vapour pressure, bolh when infants are nursed in incubators and under Radiant Heaters.
Tania R. Gunn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of Radiant heat on head temperature gradient in term infants.
Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 1996Co-Authors: Alistair J. Gunn, Tania R. GunnAbstract:AIMS: To test the hypothesis that external Radiant heating might lead to significant fluctuations in superficial and core head temperatures in newborn infants. METHODS: In an observation group of 14 term infants nursed under a Radiant Heater, servo-controlled to the abdominal skin, changes in rectal, core head, and scalp temperatures with Heater activation were examined. In a further intervention group of six infants the effect of a reflective head shield on the fluctuations of scalp temperature was also tested. RESULTS: In the observation group, when the Heater had been off for 30 minutes, the rectal and scalp temperatures were 36.7 (SD 0.6) and 35.6 (0.6) degrees C, respectively, a difference of 1.2 (0.2) degrees C. After 30 minutes with the Radiant Heater on this fell to 0.2 (0.5) degrees C. The core head temperature, however, remained similar to the rectal temperature throughout. In the intervention group a reflective shield prevented the loss of the rectal-scalp gradient. CONCLUSION: Overhead Heater activation is associated with loss of the core to scalp temperature gradient, but no change in core head temperature in term infants. The clinical relevance of this superficial heating in vulnerable infants warrants further study.
-
Effect of Radiant heat on head temperature gradient in term infants
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1996Co-Authors: Alistair J. Gunn, Tania R. GunnAbstract:Aims-To test the hypothesis that external Radiant heating might lead to significant fluctuations in superficial and core head temperatures in newborn infants. Methods-In an observation group of 14 term infants nursed under a Radiant Heater, servo-controlled to the abdominal skin, changes in rectal, core head, and scalp temperatures with Heater activation were examined. In a further intervention group of six infants the effect of a reflective head shield on the fluctuations of scalp temperature was also tested. Results-In the observation group, when the Heater had been off for 30 minutes, the rectal and scalp temperatures were 36.7 (SD 0.6) and 35.6 (0.6)°C, respectively, a difference of 1.2 (0.2)°C. After 30 minutes with the Radiant Heater on this fell to 0.2 (0.5)°C. The core head temperature, however, remained similar to the rectal temperature throughout. In the intervention group a reflective shield prevented the loss of the rectal-scalp gradient. Conclusion-Overhead Heater activation is associated with loss of the core to scalp temperature gradient, but no change in core head temperature in term infants. The clincal relevance of this superficial heating in vulnerable infants warrants further study.
Gunnar Sjörs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Water Loss from the Skin of Term and Preterm Infants Nursed under a Radiant Heater
Pediatric research, 1995Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, Saadet Arsan, K Hammarlund, Gunnar Sjörs, Gunnar SedinAbstract:The rate of evaporation from the skin (g/m2/h) was measured in 12 full-term and 16 preterm infants (gestational age 25–34 wk) both during incubator care and when nursed under a Radiant Heater. The method for evaporation rate measurement is noninvasive and based on determination of the water vapor pressure gradient close to the skin surface. Measurements were first made with the infant nursed in an incubator with a controlled environment with respect to humidity, temperature, and air velocity. The measurements in the term infants were performed at an ambient relative humidity (RH) of 50%, and in the preterm infants first at 50% and subsequently at 30–40%. Evaporation rate was then measured with the infant nursed under a Radiant Heater. In term infants, mean evaporation rate was 3.3 g/m2/h during incubator care (RH 50%) and 4.4 g/m2/h during care under the Radiant Heater. In preterm infants, the corresponding values were 15.5 g/m2/h in the incubator at RH 50%, 16.7 g/m2/h at RH 30–40%, and 17.9 g/m2/h under the Radiant Heater. It is concluded that the evaporative water loss from the skin depends on the ambient water vapor pressure, irrespective of whether the infant is nursed in an incubator or under a Radiant Heater. The higher rate of evaporation during care under a Radiant Heater is due to the lower ambient water vapor pressure and not to any direct effect of the nonionizing radiation on the skin.
-
66 DOES Radiant HEAT INCREASE THE WATER LOSS FROM THE SKIN OF NEWBORN INFANTS
Pediatric Research, 1991Co-Authors: Sveinn Kjartansson, Saadet Arsan, K Hammarlund, Gunnar Sjörs, Gunnar SedinAbstract:To investigate whether Radiant heat increases insensible water loss, the evaporation rate from the skin (ER) was measured in term and preterm infants, both during incubator care (A and B) and when nursed under a Radiant Heater (C). Relative humidity in the incubator was 50 % (A) and for the preterm infants measurements were also made at a lower level of humidity (B). The ER was higher when ihe infants were nursed under the Radiant Heater than during care in an incubator with humidified air, but the increase in ER was not greater than expected at that lower level of humidity. Wc conclude that the water loss from the skin depends on ihe ambient vapour pressure, bolh when infants are nursed in incubators and under Radiant Heaters.
