Radioisotope Renography

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Ahmed A Shokeir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • MP29-09 RENO-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF LOCAL SILDENAFIL ADMINISTRATION IN CANINE MODEL OF RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY
    The Journal of Urology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Zahran, Ahmed Mosbah, Adel Nabeeh, Ahmed A Shokeir
    Abstract:

    INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The reno-protective effect of systemic Sildenafil administration in renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IR) animal models has been proved. Nevertheless, the local effect of Sildenafil on IRhas not been established yet. Therefore, we designed a new canine model of IR injury to investigate the effect of local Sildenafil administration during renal ischemia. METHODS: One hundred and twenty male mongrel dogs were classified into 5 groups (each consists of 24 dogs): sham (underwent right nephrectomy without ischemia), oral control (underwent right nephrectomy and left ischemia for 60 min), oral Sildenafil (OS) group (as control with oral Sildenafil 1mg/kg 60 min before ischemia), local control (local perfusion of ischemic left kidney with saline and heparinfor 5min) and local Sildenafil (LS) group (the same as local control with addition of Sildenafil 0.5 mg/kg to the perfusion solution). Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Radioisotope Renography were measured at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Histopathological examination of the inner cortex and outer medulla was performed by non-informed pathologist. In kidney tissues, mRNA ofantioxidants glutathione reductase (GSH), sodium dismutase (SOD), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured. Oxidative stress markers e.g. malondialdehyde (MDA), and angiogenesis markers e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed. Similarly, markers of inflammation e.g. Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin1s (IL1s), and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) were assessed. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Serum creatinine, BUN and GFR improved significantly in Sildenafil-treated groups in comparison to their control groups with LS had better improvement than OS (p

  • recoverability of renal function after treatment of adult patients with unilateral obstructive uropathy and normal contralateral kidney a prospective study
    Urology, 2004
    Co-Authors: I Khalaf, Ahmed A Shokeir, Farouk I Elgyoushi, Hussein S Amr, Moamen M Amin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives To study the methods of prediction of recoverability of renal function after the treatment of adult patients with unilateral obstructive uropathy and a normal contralateral kidney. Methods This prospective study included 91 consecutive adult patients with the diagnosis of unilateral obstructive uropathy and a normal contralateral kidney. All patients had a nonequivocal cause of obstruction that was successfully relieved after treatment. All patients underwent plain abdominal x-ray, gray-scale ultrasonography, Doppler ultrasonography, excretory urography, and technetium-99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid Radioisotope Renography before and after treatment. Patients were seen regularly at 3, 6, and 12 months for a mean duration of 13 ± 6 months (range 6 to 36). At each visit, ultrasonography and Renography were performed, and excretory urography was performed at least once during follow-up. Several renographic and ultrasound parameters were studied before and after treatment to evaluate their value in predicting the recoverability of renal function. The difference between the selective renographic glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the ipsilateral kidney before treatment and its mean value after treatment was considered as the reference variable to which all other variables were compared. All prognostic parameters were evaluated by both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results On univariate analysis, the factors that significantly affected the recoverability of renal function after the relief of obstruction included preoperative renographic GFR, renal perfusion, parenchymal thickness, parenchymal echogenicity, corticomedullary differentiation, reduction of the renal resistive index of the corresponding kidney, and compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral normal kidney. However, using multivariate analysis, only the preoperative selective renographic GFR and renal perfusion of the corresponding kidney sustained their statistical significance as independent factors affecting renal functional recovery. A preoperative GFR value of 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 was estimated as the cutoff point that can determine the best prediction of stabilization or improvement of renal function after the relief of obstruction. Conclusions Preoperative renographic clearance and perfusion of the corresponding kidney were the only predictors of recoverability of unilateral renal obstruction. Kidneys with a renographic GFR of less than 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 were irreversibly damaged. Improvement or stabilization of function can be expected after relief of obstruction of kidneys with a renographic GFR of 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 or greater.

  • A Novel technique of ureteroneocystostomy (extravesical seromuscular tunnel): An experimental study in dogs. II. Optimization of surgical technique
    Urology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Ahmed A Shokeir, Salah El-hammady
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives To optimize the surgical technique of the new extravesical seromuscular tunnel ureteroneocystostomy and to study the optimal relation between the length and width of the tunnel and the diameter of the normal and dilated ureters. Methods The optimized technique was applied to the left ureters of 20 dogs; 10 with normal ureters and 10 after induction of ureteral dilation. The new technique was performed to maintain a ratio of 3:1 between the width of the tunnel and the diameter of the ureter and a ratio of 1:1 between the length of the tunnel and the ureteral diameter. The results were compared with those for 5 dogs in which unilateral direct ureterovesical reimplantation was performed without an antireflux procedure. All the dogs were evaluated by intravenous urography, Radioisotope Renography, and ascending cystography before and at 1, 3, and 6 months after ureteroneocystostomy. Results All the dogs of the control group showed low-pressure vesicoureteral reflux and 3 demonstrated mild hydronephrosis and significant deterioration of the corresponding kidney. At 6-month follow-up, none of the 20 dogs subjected to the new technique showed deterioration of the function or configuration of the corresponding kidney. Moreover, the new technique was sufficient to prevent reflux in all but two dilated ureters that showed high-pressure vesicoureteral reflux. Conclusions For the extravesical seromuscular tunnel to be effective in reflux prevention without obstruction, the width of the tunnel must be triple the diameter of the ureter, and the length of the tunnel covering the intact (nonspatulated) part of the ureter should be equal to its diameter.

  • A novel technique of ureteroneocystostomy (extravesical seromuscular tunnel): an experimental study in dogs I. preliminary results
    Urology, 1995
    Co-Authors: Salah El-hammady, Ahmed A Shokeir
    Abstract:

    Objectives. To present the preliminary results of a novel technique of ureteroneocystostomy with a new principle (extravesical seromuscular tunnel). Methods. The new technique was applied in the left ureter of 12 mongrel dogs. The dogs were stratified into three groups (4 dogs each) according to the length of the extravesical travesical seromuscular tunnel. Tunnel lengths of 3, 2, and 1 cm were used for groups I, II, and III, respectively. All the dogs were evaluated by excretory urography, Radioisotope Renography, and ascending cystography before and at 2 weeks and 3 months after ureteroneocystostomy. Urodynamic evaluation by the Whitaker test and ureteral pressure profile were carried out at 3 months. Results. None of the 12 dogs showed vesicoureteral reflux. All but 1 dog of group I and 2 dogs of group II showed evidence of ureteric obstruction. All 4 dogs of group III and 3 months after ureteroneocystostomy. Moreover, the intrapelvic pressure and the superimposed ureteral pressure of this group were approximately similar to pressures of the normal contralateral side. Conclusions. Preliminary results of this new technique of ureteroneocystostomy revealed that an extravesical seromuscular tunnel of 1 cm provides reflux prevention without obstruction.

Salah El-hammady - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Novel technique of ureteroneocystostomy (extravesical seromuscular tunnel): An experimental study in dogs. II. Optimization of surgical technique
    Urology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Ahmed A Shokeir, Salah El-hammady
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives To optimize the surgical technique of the new extravesical seromuscular tunnel ureteroneocystostomy and to study the optimal relation between the length and width of the tunnel and the diameter of the normal and dilated ureters. Methods The optimized technique was applied to the left ureters of 20 dogs; 10 with normal ureters and 10 after induction of ureteral dilation. The new technique was performed to maintain a ratio of 3:1 between the width of the tunnel and the diameter of the ureter and a ratio of 1:1 between the length of the tunnel and the ureteral diameter. The results were compared with those for 5 dogs in which unilateral direct ureterovesical reimplantation was performed without an antireflux procedure. All the dogs were evaluated by intravenous urography, Radioisotope Renography, and ascending cystography before and at 1, 3, and 6 months after ureteroneocystostomy. Results All the dogs of the control group showed low-pressure vesicoureteral reflux and 3 demonstrated mild hydronephrosis and significant deterioration of the corresponding kidney. At 6-month follow-up, none of the 20 dogs subjected to the new technique showed deterioration of the function or configuration of the corresponding kidney. Moreover, the new technique was sufficient to prevent reflux in all but two dilated ureters that showed high-pressure vesicoureteral reflux. Conclusions For the extravesical seromuscular tunnel to be effective in reflux prevention without obstruction, the width of the tunnel must be triple the diameter of the ureter, and the length of the tunnel covering the intact (nonspatulated) part of the ureter should be equal to its diameter.

  • A novel technique of ureteroneocystostomy (extravesical seromuscular tunnel): an experimental study in dogs I. preliminary results
    Urology, 1995
    Co-Authors: Salah El-hammady, Ahmed A Shokeir
    Abstract:

    Objectives. To present the preliminary results of a novel technique of ureteroneocystostomy with a new principle (extravesical seromuscular tunnel). Methods. The new technique was applied in the left ureter of 12 mongrel dogs. The dogs were stratified into three groups (4 dogs each) according to the length of the extravesical travesical seromuscular tunnel. Tunnel lengths of 3, 2, and 1 cm were used for groups I, II, and III, respectively. All the dogs were evaluated by excretory urography, Radioisotope Renography, and ascending cystography before and at 2 weeks and 3 months after ureteroneocystostomy. Urodynamic evaluation by the Whitaker test and ureteral pressure profile were carried out at 3 months. Results. None of the 12 dogs showed vesicoureteral reflux. All but 1 dog of group I and 2 dogs of group II showed evidence of ureteric obstruction. All 4 dogs of group III and 3 months after ureteroneocystostomy. Moreover, the intrapelvic pressure and the superimposed ureteral pressure of this group were approximately similar to pressures of the normal contralateral side. Conclusions. Preliminary results of this new technique of ureteroneocystostomy revealed that an extravesical seromuscular tunnel of 1 cm provides reflux prevention without obstruction.

Liu-ing Bih - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Use of sonography and Radioisotope Renography to diagnose hydronephrosis in patients with spinal cord injury
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2001
    Co-Authors: Su-ju Tsai, Hua Ting, Liu-ing Bih
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tsai S-J, Ting H, Ho C-C, Bih L-I. Use of sonography and Radioisotope Renography to diagnosis of hydronephrosis in patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:103-6. Objective: To study the accuracy of sonography and Radioisotope Renography in detecting hydronephrosis in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Prospective, blinded comparison study. Setting: Rehabilitation hospital affiliated with a medical college. Participants: One hundred and nine patients with SCI (21 women, 88 men) participated. Interventions: Comprehensive urologic examinations including clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, intravenous urography (IVU), sonography, Radioisotope Renography (renal scan), voiding cystourethrography, and cystometry. The findings at sonography and renal scan were separately compared with the final diagnosis interpreted by IVU and clinical findings. Main Outcome Measures: Effective renal plasma flow, pyelocaliectasis, and positive and negative predictive value. Results: A total of 235 kidneys were analyzed. Sonography correctly excluded the presence of hydronephrosis in 173 of 192 nonobstructed kidneys. Sonograms were interpreted as positive in 41 of 43 kidneys with documented hydronephrosis. Renal scan correctly excluded 161 nonobstructed kidneys. The renal scan detected 39 of 43 kidneys with hydronephrosis. The sensitivity of sonography was.96 with a specificity of.90. Renal scan reached a sensitivity of.91 with a specificity of.84. Conclusion: Sonography and renal scan are safe, sensitive, and specific for detecting hydronephrosis. Combined use of both methods appears to be a reliable alternative to IVU in the long-term follow-up for patients with SCI with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

  • Application of Radioisotope Renography with technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine on patients with spinal cord injuries.
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1994
    Co-Authors: Liu-ing Bih, Sheng-ping Changlai, Sheng-ping Lee
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effectiveness of Radioisotope Renography with Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) mercaptoacetlytriglycine (MAG3) to provide possible routine urological follow-up was evaluated for the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Sixty-six SCI patients were examined with Radioisotope Renography and renal ultrasonography. Excretory urography was done on 46 pateints and voiding cystourethrography was done on 46 patients and voiding cystourethrography was done on 59 patients. The time-activity curve patterns of Renography were classified into six groups. Curves A were normal. Curves B and C showed various excretion delay but normal effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). Curves D, E, and F showed definite decreased ERPF and excretion delay of different severity. The respective incidence of upper urinary tract complications were 12.0% (1083) for A, 68.2% (1522) for B, 100% (44) for C, 100% (88) for D, 100% (1111) for E, and 100% (44) for F curves. The sensitivity of Radioisotope Renography was 83.9%, and the specificity was 92.0% in detecting the upper urinary tract complications. There was no adverse effect after 80 Renography examinations on 66 SCI patients. As excretion delay occurred in the earlier stage of renal dysfunction, followed by decrease of ERPF, the abnormal time-activity curves can be sensitive indicators to subject SCI patients with early renal deterioration for further urodynamic and morphological studies. For patients with normal renograms, conventional uroradiological studies are not recommended because they are more invasive, cumbersome, and have more side effects as well as higher radiation exposure. We found that Radioisotope Renography with Tc-99m MAG3 is a safe, noninvasive, sensitive, and valuable urological screening test for SCI patients.

Sheng-ping Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Application of Radioisotope Renography with technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine on patients with spinal cord injuries.
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1994
    Co-Authors: Liu-ing Bih, Sheng-ping Changlai, Sheng-ping Lee
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effectiveness of Radioisotope Renography with Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) mercaptoacetlytriglycine (MAG3) to provide possible routine urological follow-up was evaluated for the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Sixty-six SCI patients were examined with Radioisotope Renography and renal ultrasonography. Excretory urography was done on 46 pateints and voiding cystourethrography was done on 46 patients and voiding cystourethrography was done on 59 patients. The time-activity curve patterns of Renography were classified into six groups. Curves A were normal. Curves B and C showed various excretion delay but normal effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). Curves D, E, and F showed definite decreased ERPF and excretion delay of different severity. The respective incidence of upper urinary tract complications were 12.0% (1083) for A, 68.2% (1522) for B, 100% (44) for C, 100% (88) for D, 100% (1111) for E, and 100% (44) for F curves. The sensitivity of Radioisotope Renography was 83.9%, and the specificity was 92.0% in detecting the upper urinary tract complications. There was no adverse effect after 80 Renography examinations on 66 SCI patients. As excretion delay occurred in the earlier stage of renal dysfunction, followed by decrease of ERPF, the abnormal time-activity curves can be sensitive indicators to subject SCI patients with early renal deterioration for further urodynamic and morphological studies. For patients with normal renograms, conventional uroradiological studies are not recommended because they are more invasive, cumbersome, and have more side effects as well as higher radiation exposure. We found that Radioisotope Renography with Tc-99m MAG3 is a safe, noninvasive, sensitive, and valuable urological screening test for SCI patients.

Su-ju Tsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Use of sonography and Radioisotope Renography to diagnose hydronephrosis in patients with spinal cord injury
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2001
    Co-Authors: Su-ju Tsai, Hua Ting, Liu-ing Bih
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tsai S-J, Ting H, Ho C-C, Bih L-I. Use of sonography and Radioisotope Renography to diagnosis of hydronephrosis in patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:103-6. Objective: To study the accuracy of sonography and Radioisotope Renography in detecting hydronephrosis in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Prospective, blinded comparison study. Setting: Rehabilitation hospital affiliated with a medical college. Participants: One hundred and nine patients with SCI (21 women, 88 men) participated. Interventions: Comprehensive urologic examinations including clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, intravenous urography (IVU), sonography, Radioisotope Renography (renal scan), voiding cystourethrography, and cystometry. The findings at sonography and renal scan were separately compared with the final diagnosis interpreted by IVU and clinical findings. Main Outcome Measures: Effective renal plasma flow, pyelocaliectasis, and positive and negative predictive value. Results: A total of 235 kidneys were analyzed. Sonography correctly excluded the presence of hydronephrosis in 173 of 192 nonobstructed kidneys. Sonograms were interpreted as positive in 41 of 43 kidneys with documented hydronephrosis. Renal scan correctly excluded 161 nonobstructed kidneys. The renal scan detected 39 of 43 kidneys with hydronephrosis. The sensitivity of sonography was.96 with a specificity of.90. Renal scan reached a sensitivity of.91 with a specificity of.84. Conclusion: Sonography and renal scan are safe, sensitive, and specific for detecting hydronephrosis. Combined use of both methods appears to be a reliable alternative to IVU in the long-term follow-up for patients with SCI with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation