The Experts below are selected from a list of 9963 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paul Guthiga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of adoption and impact of Rainwater Harvesting technologies on rural farm household income: the case of Rainwater Harvesting ponds in Rwanda
Environment Development and Sustainability, 2014Co-Authors: Ariane Zingiro, Julius J. Okello, Paul GuthigaAbstract:Rainwater Harvesting is increasingly viewed as a major strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many drought-prone areas. While this technology is being promoted in many developing countries, there is conflicting evidence in the literature about its impact on welfare of farm households. This study uses propensity score matching and discrete choice regression techniques to assess the impact of Rainwater Harvesting ponds on farm household income and factors that influence adoption of such technologies in Rwanda. It finds that households with Rainwater Harvesting ponds have significantly higher income than their counterparts of comparable observable characteristics. It further finds evidence that increase in farm income occurs via increased input use and that household size, asset endowments and participation in farmer organizations condition adoption of Rainwater Harvesting ponds. The study concludes that adoption of Rainwater Harvesting technologies has positive benefits on farm households. It discusses the policy implications that adoption of Rainwater Harvesting ponds presents a pathway for reducing rural poverty. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
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An Assessment of the Impact of Rainwater Harvesting Ponds on Farm Income in Rwanda
2012Co-Authors: Zingiro Ariane, Paul GuthigaAbstract:Rainwater Harvesting is increasingly seen as a strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many drought prone areas. While extensive efforts are going on in constructing and providing smallholder farmers with water Harvesting structures, such as ponds in Rwanda, there is limited knowledge of the factors that influence adoption of such structures and their impact on households’ input use and farm income. This study applied propensity score matching technique to assess the impact of Rainwater Harvesting ponds on farm income of small scale farmers in Rwanda. The study also assesses the factors that influence adoption of Rainwater Harvesting ponds by using a binary logit model. Results show that households with Rainwater Harvesting ponds are significantly better off in terms of achieving higher income than those without ponds, even though they are comparable in essential household characteristics. The study finds that household size, physical and financial asset endowments, group membership are significant in explaining the household decision to adopt Rainwater Harvesting ponds. It discusses the implications of these findings for policy.
N. Hatibu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economics of Rainwater Harvesting for crop enterprises in semi arid areas of east africa
Agricultural Water Management, 2006Co-Authors: N. Hatibu, Khamaldin D Mutabazi, E M Senkondo, A S K MsangiAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an analysis of economics of Rainwater Harvesting by poor farmers in Tanzania. A questionnaire was used to survey 120 households to obtain information on the performance of their enterprises over 6 years (1998–2003). The information was mainly based on recollection as few farmers kept detailed records. Actual monitoring and measurements of yield and inputs was done in the farmers’ enterprises over 2 years during 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 production seasons. The analysis was done for four categories of Rainwater Harvesting systems differentiated by the size of catchments from which water is collected and the intensity of concentration and/or storage of the collected Rainwater. These categories are: micro-catchments, macro-catchments, macro-catchments linked to road drainage and micro or macro-catchments with a storage pond. Results show that Rainwater Harvesting for production of paddy rice paid most with returns to labor of more than 12 US$ per person-day invested. These benefits are very high due to the fact that without Rainwater Harvesting it is not possible to produce paddy in the study area and rainfed sorghum crop realizes a return to labor of only US$ 3.7 per person-day during above-average seasons. For the Rainwater Harvesting systems, those designed to collect water from macro-catchments linked to road drainage, performed best during both categories of seasons. The results also show that contrary to expectations, improving Rainwater Harvesting systems by adding a storage pond may not lead to increased productivity. Another finding that goes against the widely held belief is that Rainwater Harvesting results in more benefits during the above-average seasons compared to below-average seasons. It is therefore, concluded that there is a potential for combining Rainwater Harvesting with improved drainage of roads. The construction of rural roads in semi-arid areas can beneficially be integrated with efforts to increase water availability for agricultural needs.
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Review of Rainwater Harvesting techniques and evidence for their use in semi-arid Tanzania
Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1999Co-Authors: Jw Gowing, Henry F. Mahoo, O. B. Mzirai, N. HatibuAbstract:Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), should be regarded as a continuum of techniques that link in-situ soil-water conservation at one extreme to conventional irrigation at the other. In-situ RWH, comprises a group of techniques for preventing runoff and promoting infiltration. Micro-catchment RWH comprises a group of techniques for collecting overland flow (sheet or rill) from a catchment area and delivering it to a cropped area in order to supplement the inadequate direct rainfall. The transfer normally occurs over a relatively short distance entirely within the land-holding of an individual farmer and the system is therefore sometimes known as an 'internal catchment". Macro-catchment RWH comprises a group of techniques in which natural runoff is collected from a relatively large area and transferred over a longer distance. Examples of each of these categories of RWH exist in parts of Tanzania, but their potential is largely neglected, by research and extension services and they are under-exploited. The purpose of this paper was to assess the extent to which the different Rainwater Harvesting systems, are used in Tanzania. The findings show that there is a widespread practice of Rainwater Harvesting in Tanzania. Rainwater Harvesting with storage of water for livestock has received govemment support in the past. However, many storage reservoirs have been destroyed by siltation. On the other hand Rainwater Harvesting for crop production has not received an adequate support from research and extension services. Therefore, although farmers are practicing Rainwater Harvesting, they are faced with shortage of appropriate technologies and knowledge. Keywords: Rainwater Harvesting, runoff agriculture, soil-water conservation, microcatchments, macro-catchments Tanzania J; Agric. Sc. (1999) Vol. 2 No 2, 171-180
A S K Msangi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economics of Rainwater Harvesting for crop enterprises in semi arid areas of east africa
Agricultural Water Management, 2006Co-Authors: N. Hatibu, Khamaldin D Mutabazi, E M Senkondo, A S K MsangiAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an analysis of economics of Rainwater Harvesting by poor farmers in Tanzania. A questionnaire was used to survey 120 households to obtain information on the performance of their enterprises over 6 years (1998–2003). The information was mainly based on recollection as few farmers kept detailed records. Actual monitoring and measurements of yield and inputs was done in the farmers’ enterprises over 2 years during 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 production seasons. The analysis was done for four categories of Rainwater Harvesting systems differentiated by the size of catchments from which water is collected and the intensity of concentration and/or storage of the collected Rainwater. These categories are: micro-catchments, macro-catchments, macro-catchments linked to road drainage and micro or macro-catchments with a storage pond. Results show that Rainwater Harvesting for production of paddy rice paid most with returns to labor of more than 12 US$ per person-day invested. These benefits are very high due to the fact that without Rainwater Harvesting it is not possible to produce paddy in the study area and rainfed sorghum crop realizes a return to labor of only US$ 3.7 per person-day during above-average seasons. For the Rainwater Harvesting systems, those designed to collect water from macro-catchments linked to road drainage, performed best during both categories of seasons. The results also show that contrary to expectations, improving Rainwater Harvesting systems by adding a storage pond may not lead to increased productivity. Another finding that goes against the widely held belief is that Rainwater Harvesting results in more benefits during the above-average seasons compared to below-average seasons. It is therefore, concluded that there is a potential for combining Rainwater Harvesting with improved drainage of roads. The construction of rural roads in semi-arid areas can beneficially be integrated with efforts to increase water availability for agricultural needs.
Ariane Zingirojulius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of adoption and impact of Rainwater Harvesting technologies on rural farm household income: the case of Rainwater Harvesting ponds in Rwanda
2014Co-Authors: Ariane ZingirojuliusAbstract:Rainwater Harvesting is increasingly viewed as a major strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many drought-prone areas. While this technology is being promoted in many developing countries, there is conflicting evidence in the literature about its impact on welfare of farm households. This study uses propensity score matching and discrete choice regression techniques to assess the impact of Rainwater Harvesting ponds on farm household income and factors that influence adoption of such technologies in Rwanda. It finds that households with Rainwater Harvesting ponds have significantly higher income than their counterparts of comparable observable char- acteristics. It further finds evidence that increase in farm income occurs via increased input use and that household size, asset endowments and participation in farmer organizations condition adoption of Rainwater Harvesting ponds. The study concludes that adoption of Rainwater Harvesting technologies has positive benefits on farm households. It discusses the policy implications that adoption of Rainwater Harvesting ponds presents a pathway for reducing rural poverty.
Masayuki Fujihara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stochastic modelling and control of Rainwater Harvesting systems for irrigation during dry spells
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015Co-Authors: Koichi Unami, Osama Mohawesh, Erfaneh Sharifi, Junichiro Takeuchi, Masayuki FujiharaAbstract:Abstract A generic Rainwater Harvesting system including a catchment area and a command area is often equipped with Rainwater storage tanks. The stochastic nature of precipitation dominates water balance of Rainwater Harvesting systems, and the theory of stochastic control better serves for determining optimal strategies for water management. A mathematical model consisting of stochastic differential equations, with few model parameters that can be identified from observed data, is developed to describe dynamics of Rainwater Harvesting systems for irrigation. Stochastic control problems are formulated and then solved to obtain the optimal irrigation strategies during dry spells. This procedure can be inversely applicable to designing dimensions of a system. Identification of the model parameters is demonstrated with the data observed in an experimental micro Rainwater Harvesting system in Japan as well as in semi-arid savanna of Ghana. Then, a real life application is discussed in the context of the Jordan Rift Valley, where a Rainwater Harvesting system will be developed.
