The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Idsert Jelsma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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certification good agricultural practice and Smallholder heterogeneity differentiated pathways for resolving compliance gaps in the indonesian oil palm sector
Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions, 2019Co-Authors: G C Schoneveld, Selma Van Der Haar, Dian Ekowati, A Andrianto, Heru Komarudin, B Okarda, Idsert Jelsma, Pablo PachecoAbstract:Abstract Enhancing Smallholder compliance with sustainability standards and good agricultural practices features prominently on the global sustainability agenda. Operating in a sector that bears intense public scrutiny, Indonesia’s oil palm Smallholders are especially confronted by pressures to enhance their environmental performance. Because Smallholders experience differentiated compliance barriers however, it is widely recognized that for the purpose of more effectively prioritizing and targeting the necessary intervention support, Smallholder heterogeneity needs to be better understood. This is especially the case for independent – in contrast to ‘plasma’ - oil palm Smallholders, for whom corporate technical, input and financial support is comparatively inaccessible. Through multivariate analysis, this article contributes to these needs by developing a typology of independent oil palm Smallholders in Indonesian Borneo. We subsequently model the predicted probabilities of different types of Smallholders complying with Indonesia’s major national sustainability standard and select indicators of good agricultural practice. This analysis reveals structural compliance gaps, which threatens to restrict Smallholder access to formal markets in future. In showing that intervention strategies to resolve these compliance gaps can be more impactful when these are adapted to Smallholder livelihood assets, portfolios and strategies, this article points to the importance of more explicitly accounting for socio-economic differentiation when addressing contemporary Smallholder upgrading challenges. With results however revealing how local entrepreneurs and elites complicit in regulatory evasion and illegal land encroachments play a significant role in the sub-sector, local political resistance to initiatives that aim to bring the sub-sector above board can be anticipated. This highlights how institutional building needs to be more explicitly incorporated into the design of Smallholder-centric intervention strategies; through, for example, the adoption of more integrative landscape-level planning approaches.
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unpacking indonesia s independent oil palm Smallholders an actor disaggregated approach to identifying environmental and social performance challenges
Land Use Policy, 2017Co-Authors: G C Schoneveld, Idsert Jelsma, Annelies Zoomers, A C M Van WestenAbstract:Processes of globalization have generated new opportunities for Smallholders to participate in profitable global agro-commodity markets. This participation however is increasingly being shaped by differentiated capabilities to comply with emerging public and private quality and safety standards. The dynamics within Indonesia’s oil palm sector illustrate well the types of competitive challenges Smallholders face in their integration into global agro-commodity chains. Because of public concern over the poor social and environmental performance of the sector, many governments, companies and consumers are attempting to clean up the value chain through self-regulatory commitments, certification and public regulation. As a result, many of Indonesia’s oil palm Smallholders face compliance barriers due to informality and poor production practices, and threaten to become alienated from formal markets, which could in turn lead to a bifurcation of the oil palm sector. Recognizing that many oil palm Smallholders lack compliance capacity, myriad public and private actors have begun designing initiatives to address compliance barriers and enhance Smallholder competitiveness. However, failure to properly account for the heterogeneity of the Smallholder oil palm sector will undermine the effectiveness and scalability of such initiatives. By developing a typology of independent Smallholder oil palm farmers in Rokan Hulu district, Riau province, this article reveals the wide diversity of actors that compose Indonesia’s Smallholder oil palm economy, the types of compliance barriers they face and the sustainable development challenges they pose. In doing so, this article illustrates how global agro-commodity chains can drive agrarian differentiation and offer new insights into the complex dynamics of agricultural frontier expansion.
Hermann Waibel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contract farming and vulnerability to poverty among oil palm Smallholders in indonesia
Journal of Development Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Eko Ruddy Cahyadi, Hermann WaibelAbstract:AbstractThis article addresses Smallholder oil palm farming in Indonesia and the risk of falling into poverty by comparing contract and non-contract Smallholders. We use an asset-based approach to define vulnerability and apply propensity score matching analysis to assess the impact of contract farming. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010 of 245 oil palm Smallholder households, 126 of which were contract Smallholders. The study finds that approximately 40 per cent of oil palm Smallholders can be classified as stochastic-transient poor. We also show that while contract participation reduces the negative impact of oil palm price shocks, this is not the case for production shocks. The study concludes that despite positive income effects, contract Smallholders also remain vulnerable to poverty.
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organic agriculture and fair trade a happy marriage a case study of certified Smallholder black pepper farmers in india
World Development, 2016Co-Authors: Priyanka Parvathi, Hermann WaibelAbstract:This study examines whether the joint adoption of organic and fair trade systems adds additional benefits to Smallholders in developing countries. We use panel data collected from 300 Smallholder rural black pepper growers in Kerala, India to assess household welfare impacts. We apply a multinomial endogenous switching regression model along with a counterfactual analysis to estimate certification effects. Results show that both certification systems have a significant impact on income compared to conventional black pepper farming. However, membership in fair trade marketing systems does not increase income of organic farmers, but has positive effects on asset accumulation of Smallholder farmers.
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is contract farming in the indonesian oil palm industry pro poor
2012 Conference August 18-24 2012 Foz do Iguacu Brazil, 2012Co-Authors: Eko Ruddy Cahyadi, Hermann WaibelAbstract:This paper assesses the impact of contract farming in the oil palm industry in Indonesia on Smallholders’ well-being and investigates its implication for poverty reduction. Data were collected randomly from 245 Smallholders in the province of Jambi, Sumatra. A treatment effects model was applied in order to capture endogeneity and selection bias. Results show that participation in contract farming is significantly associated with type of household, age of household head, size of oil palm plot, and the time of plantation establishment. While overall, contract farming has a significant positive effect on Smallholder income; it discriminates against the poorer Smallholders. It is recommended that agro industry and government should review contractual arrangements in order to increase the chances of the poor to benefit from oil palm expansion in Indonesia.
Stefan Schwarze - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exploring yield gaps in Smallholder oil palm production systems in eastern Sumatra, Indonesia
Agricultural Systems, 2016Co-Authors: Manfred Euler, Zakky Fathoni, Munir P. Hoffmann, Stefan SchwarzeAbstract:Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) has become the most important oil crop throughout the world. The growing palm oil production was mainly based on the expansion of cultivated area into forest areas, causing serious environmental and social concerns. Increasing yields on existing plantations is a potential pathway to reduce the undesired ecological impacts of oil palm agriculture while enhancing its social benefits. Although oil palm production is still dominated by large private estates, Smallholder farmers are increasingly engaging in its cultivation. While there is some evidence that Smallholders' palm oil yields show large variations and are often far below plantation standards, empirical studies on their agronomic performance are scarce. Based on crop modeling analysis and farm household survey data from Sumatra, Indonesia, this paper quantifies Smallholder yield gaps relative to exploitable yield levels and analyses Smallholders' production constraints. Results show that oil palm smallholdings offer a tremendous potential for future yield increases, because they obtain, on average, only around 50% of the cumulative exploitable yield over a 20 year plantation life cycle. In particular, we find yield gaps to be largest during the most productive phase of oil palm. Our results indicate that farmers do not adapt their labor and fertilizer inputs to the higher resource demand of the palm. In general, significant determinants of yield gaps are management practices such as fertilizer dosage, length of harvesting intervals and plant mortality. Supported Smallholders perform relatively better compared to independent farmers. In summary, our study shows that there is large potential to increase productivity of Smallholder oil palm systems in Sumatra. In order to exploit this opportunity, farmers' awareness about the changing management requirements of oil palm over the plantation life cycle needs to be enhanced.
Tarek Soliman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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closing oil palm yield gaps among indonesian Smallholders through industry schemes pruning weeding and improved seeds
Royal Society Open Science, 2016Co-Authors: Tarek Soliman, F K S Lim, Janice Ser Huay Lee, Luis R CarrascoAbstract:Oil palm production has led to large losses of valuable habitats for tropical biodiversity. Sparing of land for nature could in theory be attained if oil palm yields increased. The efficiency of oil palm Smallholders is below its potential capacity, but the factors determining efficiency are poorly understood. We employed a two-stage data envelopment analysis approach to assess the influence of agronomic, supply chain and management factors on oil palm production efficiency in 190 Smallholders in six villages in Indonesia. The results show that, on average, yield increases of 65% were possible and that fertilizer and herbicide use was excessive and inefficient. Adopting industry-supported scheme management practices, use of high-quality seeds and higher pruning and weeding rates were found to improve efficiency. Smallholder oil palm production intensification in Indonesia has the capacity to increase production by 26%, an equivalent of 1.75 million hectares of land.
G C Schoneveld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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certification good agricultural practice and Smallholder heterogeneity differentiated pathways for resolving compliance gaps in the indonesian oil palm sector
Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions, 2019Co-Authors: G C Schoneveld, Selma Van Der Haar, Dian Ekowati, A Andrianto, Heru Komarudin, B Okarda, Idsert Jelsma, Pablo PachecoAbstract:Abstract Enhancing Smallholder compliance with sustainability standards and good agricultural practices features prominently on the global sustainability agenda. Operating in a sector that bears intense public scrutiny, Indonesia’s oil palm Smallholders are especially confronted by pressures to enhance their environmental performance. Because Smallholders experience differentiated compliance barriers however, it is widely recognized that for the purpose of more effectively prioritizing and targeting the necessary intervention support, Smallholder heterogeneity needs to be better understood. This is especially the case for independent – in contrast to ‘plasma’ - oil palm Smallholders, for whom corporate technical, input and financial support is comparatively inaccessible. Through multivariate analysis, this article contributes to these needs by developing a typology of independent oil palm Smallholders in Indonesian Borneo. We subsequently model the predicted probabilities of different types of Smallholders complying with Indonesia’s major national sustainability standard and select indicators of good agricultural practice. This analysis reveals structural compliance gaps, which threatens to restrict Smallholder access to formal markets in future. In showing that intervention strategies to resolve these compliance gaps can be more impactful when these are adapted to Smallholder livelihood assets, portfolios and strategies, this article points to the importance of more explicitly accounting for socio-economic differentiation when addressing contemporary Smallholder upgrading challenges. With results however revealing how local entrepreneurs and elites complicit in regulatory evasion and illegal land encroachments play a significant role in the sub-sector, local political resistance to initiatives that aim to bring the sub-sector above board can be anticipated. This highlights how institutional building needs to be more explicitly incorporated into the design of Smallholder-centric intervention strategies; through, for example, the adoption of more integrative landscape-level planning approaches.
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unpacking indonesia s independent oil palm Smallholders an actor disaggregated approach to identifying environmental and social performance challenges
Land Use Policy, 2017Co-Authors: G C Schoneveld, Idsert Jelsma, Annelies Zoomers, A C M Van WestenAbstract:Processes of globalization have generated new opportunities for Smallholders to participate in profitable global agro-commodity markets. This participation however is increasingly being shaped by differentiated capabilities to comply with emerging public and private quality and safety standards. The dynamics within Indonesia’s oil palm sector illustrate well the types of competitive challenges Smallholders face in their integration into global agro-commodity chains. Because of public concern over the poor social and environmental performance of the sector, many governments, companies and consumers are attempting to clean up the value chain through self-regulatory commitments, certification and public regulation. As a result, many of Indonesia’s oil palm Smallholders face compliance barriers due to informality and poor production practices, and threaten to become alienated from formal markets, which could in turn lead to a bifurcation of the oil palm sector. Recognizing that many oil palm Smallholders lack compliance capacity, myriad public and private actors have begun designing initiatives to address compliance barriers and enhance Smallholder competitiveness. However, failure to properly account for the heterogeneity of the Smallholder oil palm sector will undermine the effectiveness and scalability of such initiatives. By developing a typology of independent Smallholder oil palm farmers in Rokan Hulu district, Riau province, this article reveals the wide diversity of actors that compose Indonesia’s Smallholder oil palm economy, the types of compliance barriers they face and the sustainable development challenges they pose. In doing so, this article illustrates how global agro-commodity chains can drive agrarian differentiation and offer new insights into the complex dynamics of agricultural frontier expansion.
