Random Measurement Error

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Chinglin Hsieh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a comparison of test retest reliability and Random Measurement Error of the barthel index and modified barthel index in patients with chronic stroke
    Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
    Co-Authors: Chun Ming Yang, Chinglin Hsieh, Yiching Wang, Chiahua Lee, Meihsiang Chen
    Abstract:

    Objective To compare the test-retest reliability and Random Measurement Errors of the Barthel Index (BI) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) in patients with chronic stroke. Method The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the minimal detectable change (MDC) were applied respectively to examine the test-retest reliability (about 2 weeks apart) and the Random Measurement Errors. The MDC% was used to adjust the cut-off score for determining whether a real change had been achieved, if heteroscedasticity existed. Results A total of 60 patients participated. The BI and MBI both had high ICCs (0.94 and 0.94, respectively) with small MDCs (16.2 and 15.4, respectively) and MDC%s (21.2% and 19.0%, respectively), indicating that both measures have comparable reliability in repeated assessments. However, moderate associations (r = -0.47 for the BI and -0.59 for the MBI) were found between the means of tests and retests and the absolute values of change scores, indicating heteroscedasticity. These findings suggest that a fixed MDC value is not appropriate for determining the real change in both measures because the amount of Random Measurement Error varies with the patients' ADL function. Conclusion The MBI, which showed excellent test-retest reliability and relatively lower Random Measurement Error than the BI, appears to be a better ADL measure. The MDC% adjusted value is recommended to determine whether the change scores are beyond Random Measurement Error. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The MBI is recommended for clinical and research applications because it has better test-retest reliability and relatively lower Random Measurement Error than those of the original BI. The MDC% adjusted value is recommended to determine whether the change scores are beyond Random Measurement Error when the MBI or the BI is used.

  • a comparison of test retest reliability and Random Measurement Error of the barthel index and modified barthel index in patients with chronic stroke
    Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
    Co-Authors: Chun Ming Yang, Chinglin Hsieh, Yiching Wang, Chiahua Lee, Meihsiang Chen
    Abstract:

    To compare the test–retest reliability and Random Measurement Errors of the Barthel Index (BI) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) in patients with chronic stroke.The intraclass correlation coefficien...

  • practice effects and test retest reliability of the continuous performance test identical pairs version in patients with schizophrenia over four serial assessments
    Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Kuan Wei Chen, Chinglin Hsieh, Gong Hong Lin, Nan Cheng Chen, Ji Kuan Wang
    Abstract:

    Objective The purposes of this study were to examine the practice effects and test-retest reliability of the Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP) over four serial assessments in patients with schizophrenia. Method Fifty-six patients with schizophrenia were assessed with the CPT-IP four times, once per week. The CPT-IP contains four indices: "2-digit score," "3-digit score," "4-digit score," and "total score." Results The four indices showed trivial-to-small practice effects (Cohen's d = -0.13-0.24), good-to-excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.62-0.88), and unacceptable Random Measurement Error (MDC% = 33.8%-110.8%). Conclusions The total score had the best reliability among the four indices. Although practice effects of the four indices all appeared cumulative, all four CPT-IP indices reached a plateau after the second assessment. These results indicate that clinicians should interpret the change scores of the CPT-IP conservatively and use the total-score index in their routine repeated assessments.

  • test retest reliability and minimal detectable change of the d2 test of attention in patients with schizophrenia
    Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Wenshian Lu, Chinglin Hsieh
    Abstract:

    Objective: The d2 Test of Attention (D2) is a commonly used measure of selective attention for patients with schizophrenia. However, its test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) are unknown in patients with schizophrenia, limiting its utility in both clinical and research settings. The aim of the present study was to examine the test-retest reliability and MDC of the D2 in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A rater administered the D2 on 108 patients with schizophrenia twice at a 1-month interval. Test-retest reliability was determined through the calculation of the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). We also carried out Bland-Altman analysis, which included a scatter plot of the differences between test and retest against their mean. Systematic biases were evaluated by use of a paired t-test. Results: The ICCs for the D2 ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. The MDCs (MDC%) of the seven subscores were 102.3 (29.7), 19.4 (85.0), 7.2 (94.6), 21.0 (69.0), 104.0 (33.1), 105.0 (35.8), and 7.8 (47.8), which represented limited-to-acceptable Random Measurement Error. Trends in the Bland-Altman plots of the omissions (E1), commissions (E2), and Errors (E) were noted, presenting that the data had heteroscedasticity. Conclusions: According to the results, the D2 had good test-retest reliability, especially in the scores of TN, TN-E, and CP. For the further research, finding a way to improve the administration procedure to reduce Random Measurement Error would be important for the E1, E2, E, and FR subscores.

  • a comparison between the original and tablet based symbol digit modalities test in patients with schizophrenia test retest agreement Random Measurement Error practice effect and ecological validity
    Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shihfen Tang, Ihui Chen, Hsinyu Chiang, Iping Hsueh, Chinglin Hsieh
    Abstract:

    We aimed to compare the test-retest agreement, Random Measurement Error, practice effect, and ecological validity of the original and Tablet-based Symbol Digit Modalities Test (T-SDMT) over five serial assessments, and to examine the concurrent validity of the T-SDMT in patients with schizophrenia. Sixty patients with chronic schizophrenia completed five serial assessments (one week apart) of the SDMT and T-SDMT and one assessment of the Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale III at the first time point. Both measures showed high test-retest agreement, similar levels of Random Measurement Error over five serial assessments. Moreover, the practice effects of the two measures did not reach a plateau phase after five serial assessments in young and middle-aged participants. Nevertheless, only the practice effect of the T-SDMT became trivial after the first assessment. Like the SDMT, the T-SDMT had good ecological validity. The T-SDMT also had good concurrent validity with the SDMT. In addition, only the T-SDMT had discriminative validity to discriminate processing speed in young and middle-aged participants. Compared to the SDMT, the T-SDMT had overall slightly better psychometric properties, so it can be an alternative measure to the SDMT for assessing processing speed in patients with schizophrenia.

Simona Mei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the acs virgo cluster survey xiii sbf distance catalog and the three dimensional structure of the virgo cluster
    arXiv: Astrophysics, 2007
    Co-Authors: Simona Mei, John P Blakeslee, Patrick Cote, John L Tonry, Michael J West, Laura Ferrarese, Andres Jordan, Eric W Peng, Andre Anthony
    Abstract:

    The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey consists of HST ACS imaging for 100 early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, observed in the F475W and F850LP filters. We derive distances for 84 of these galaxies using the method of surface brightness fluctuations (SBFs), present the SBF distance catalog, and use this database to examine the three-dimensional distribution of early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. The SBF distance moduli have a mean (Random) Measurement Error of 0.07 mag (0.5 Mpc), or roughly 3 times better than previous SBF Measurements for Virgo Cluster galaxies. Five galaxies lie at a distance of ~23 Mpc and are members of the W' cloud. The remaining 79 galaxies have a narrow distribution around our adopted mean distance of 16.5+/-0.1 (Random mean Error) +/-1.1 Mpc (systematic). The rms distance scatter of this sample is 0.6+/-0.1 Mpc, with little dependence on morphological type or luminosity class (i.e., 0.7+/-0.1 and 0.5+/-0.1 Mpc for the giants and dwarfs, respectively). The back-to-front depth of the cluster measured from our sample of galaxies is 2.4+/-0.4 Mpc (i.e., +/-2sigma of the intrinsic distance distribution). The M87 (cluster A) and M49 (cluster B) subclusters are found to lie at distances of 16.7+/-0.2 and 16.4+/-0.2 Mpc, respectively. There may be a third subcluster associated with M86. A weak correlation between velocity and line-of-sight distance may be a faint echo of the cluster velocity distribution not having yet completely virialized. In three dimensions, Virgo's early-type galaxies appear to define a slightly triaxial distribution, with axis ratios of (1:0.7:0.5). The principal axis of the best-fit ellipsoid is inclined ~20-40 deg. from the line of sight, while the galaxies belonging to the W' cloud lie on an axis inclined by ~10-15 deg.

  • the acs virgo cluster survey xiii sbf distance catalog and the three dimensional structure of the virgo cluster
    The Astrophysical Journal, 2007
    Co-Authors: Simona Mei, John P Blakeslee, Patrick Cote, John L Tonry, Michael J West, Laura Ferrarese, Andres Jordan, Eric W Peng, Andre Anthony
    Abstract:

    The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey consists of HST ACS imaging for 100 early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, observed in the F475W (≈SDSS g) and F850LP (≈SDSS z) filters. We derive distances for 84 of these galaxies using the method of surface brightness fluctuations (SBFs), present the SBF distance catalog, and use this database to examine the three-dimensional distribution of early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. The SBF distance moduli have a mean (Random) Measurement Error of 0.07 mag (0.5 Mpc), or roughly 3 times better than previous SBF Measurements for Virgo Cluster galaxies. Five galaxies lie at a distance of d ≈ 23 Mpc and are members of the W' cloud. The remaining 79 galaxies have a narrow distribution around our adopted distance of d = 16.5 ± 0.1 (Random mean Error) ±1.1 Mpc (systematic). The rms distance scatter of this sample is σ(d) = 0.6 ± 0.1 Mpc, with little or no dependence on morphological type or luminosity class (i.e., 0.7 ± 0.1 and 0.5 ± 0.1 Mpc for the giants and dwarfs, respectively). The back-to-front depth of the cluster measured from our sample of early-type galaxies is 2.4 ± 0.4 Mpc (i.e., ±2 σ of the intrinsic distance distribution). The M87 (cluster A) and M49 (cluster B) subclusters are found to lie at distances of 16.7 ± 0.2 and 16.4 ± 0.2 Mpc, respectively. There may be a third subcluster associated with M86. A weak correlation between velocity and line-of-sight distance may be a faint echo of the cluster velocity distribution not having yet completely virialized. In three dimensions, Virgo's early-type galaxies appear to define a slightly triaxial distribution, with axis ratios of (1 : 0.7 : 0.5). The principal axis of the best-fit ellipsoid is inclined ~20°-40° from the line of sight, while the galaxies belonging to the W' cloud lie on an axis inclined by ~10°-15°.

Andre Anthony - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the acs virgo cluster survey xiii sbf distance catalog and the three dimensional structure of the virgo cluster
    arXiv: Astrophysics, 2007
    Co-Authors: Simona Mei, John P Blakeslee, Patrick Cote, John L Tonry, Michael J West, Laura Ferrarese, Andres Jordan, Eric W Peng, Andre Anthony
    Abstract:

    The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey consists of HST ACS imaging for 100 early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, observed in the F475W and F850LP filters. We derive distances for 84 of these galaxies using the method of surface brightness fluctuations (SBFs), present the SBF distance catalog, and use this database to examine the three-dimensional distribution of early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. The SBF distance moduli have a mean (Random) Measurement Error of 0.07 mag (0.5 Mpc), or roughly 3 times better than previous SBF Measurements for Virgo Cluster galaxies. Five galaxies lie at a distance of ~23 Mpc and are members of the W' cloud. The remaining 79 galaxies have a narrow distribution around our adopted mean distance of 16.5+/-0.1 (Random mean Error) +/-1.1 Mpc (systematic). The rms distance scatter of this sample is 0.6+/-0.1 Mpc, with little dependence on morphological type or luminosity class (i.e., 0.7+/-0.1 and 0.5+/-0.1 Mpc for the giants and dwarfs, respectively). The back-to-front depth of the cluster measured from our sample of galaxies is 2.4+/-0.4 Mpc (i.e., +/-2sigma of the intrinsic distance distribution). The M87 (cluster A) and M49 (cluster B) subclusters are found to lie at distances of 16.7+/-0.2 and 16.4+/-0.2 Mpc, respectively. There may be a third subcluster associated with M86. A weak correlation between velocity and line-of-sight distance may be a faint echo of the cluster velocity distribution not having yet completely virialized. In three dimensions, Virgo's early-type galaxies appear to define a slightly triaxial distribution, with axis ratios of (1:0.7:0.5). The principal axis of the best-fit ellipsoid is inclined ~20-40 deg. from the line of sight, while the galaxies belonging to the W' cloud lie on an axis inclined by ~10-15 deg.

  • the acs virgo cluster survey xiii sbf distance catalog and the three dimensional structure of the virgo cluster
    The Astrophysical Journal, 2007
    Co-Authors: Simona Mei, John P Blakeslee, Patrick Cote, John L Tonry, Michael J West, Laura Ferrarese, Andres Jordan, Eric W Peng, Andre Anthony
    Abstract:

    The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey consists of HST ACS imaging for 100 early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, observed in the F475W (≈SDSS g) and F850LP (≈SDSS z) filters. We derive distances for 84 of these galaxies using the method of surface brightness fluctuations (SBFs), present the SBF distance catalog, and use this database to examine the three-dimensional distribution of early-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. The SBF distance moduli have a mean (Random) Measurement Error of 0.07 mag (0.5 Mpc), or roughly 3 times better than previous SBF Measurements for Virgo Cluster galaxies. Five galaxies lie at a distance of d ≈ 23 Mpc and are members of the W' cloud. The remaining 79 galaxies have a narrow distribution around our adopted distance of d = 16.5 ± 0.1 (Random mean Error) ±1.1 Mpc (systematic). The rms distance scatter of this sample is σ(d) = 0.6 ± 0.1 Mpc, with little or no dependence on morphological type or luminosity class (i.e., 0.7 ± 0.1 and 0.5 ± 0.1 Mpc for the giants and dwarfs, respectively). The back-to-front depth of the cluster measured from our sample of early-type galaxies is 2.4 ± 0.4 Mpc (i.e., ±2 σ of the intrinsic distance distribution). The M87 (cluster A) and M49 (cluster B) subclusters are found to lie at distances of 16.7 ± 0.2 and 16.4 ± 0.2 Mpc, respectively. There may be a third subcluster associated with M86. A weak correlation between velocity and line-of-sight distance may be a faint echo of the cluster velocity distribution not having yet completely virialized. In three dimensions, Virgo's early-type galaxies appear to define a slightly triaxial distribution, with axis ratios of (1 : 0.7 : 0.5). The principal axis of the best-fit ellipsoid is inclined ~20°-40° from the line of sight, while the galaxies belonging to the W' cloud lie on an axis inclined by ~10°-15°.

Chun Ming Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a comparison of test retest reliability and Random Measurement Error of the barthel index and modified barthel index in patients with chronic stroke
    Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
    Co-Authors: Chun Ming Yang, Chinglin Hsieh, Yiching Wang, Chiahua Lee, Meihsiang Chen
    Abstract:

    To compare the test–retest reliability and Random Measurement Errors of the Barthel Index (BI) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) in patients with chronic stroke.The intraclass correlation coefficien...

  • a comparison of test retest reliability and Random Measurement Error of the barthel index and modified barthel index in patients with chronic stroke
    Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
    Co-Authors: Chun Ming Yang, Chinglin Hsieh, Yiching Wang, Chiahua Lee, Meihsiang Chen
    Abstract:

    Objective To compare the test-retest reliability and Random Measurement Errors of the Barthel Index (BI) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) in patients with chronic stroke. Method The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the minimal detectable change (MDC) were applied respectively to examine the test-retest reliability (about 2 weeks apart) and the Random Measurement Errors. The MDC% was used to adjust the cut-off score for determining whether a real change had been achieved, if heteroscedasticity existed. Results A total of 60 patients participated. The BI and MBI both had high ICCs (0.94 and 0.94, respectively) with small MDCs (16.2 and 15.4, respectively) and MDC%s (21.2% and 19.0%, respectively), indicating that both measures have comparable reliability in repeated assessments. However, moderate associations (r = -0.47 for the BI and -0.59 for the MBI) were found between the means of tests and retests and the absolute values of change scores, indicating heteroscedasticity. These findings suggest that a fixed MDC value is not appropriate for determining the real change in both measures because the amount of Random Measurement Error varies with the patients' ADL function. Conclusion The MBI, which showed excellent test-retest reliability and relatively lower Random Measurement Error than the BI, appears to be a better ADL measure. The MDC% adjusted value is recommended to determine whether the change scores are beyond Random Measurement Error. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The MBI is recommended for clinical and research applications because it has better test-retest reliability and relatively lower Random Measurement Error than those of the original BI. The MDC% adjusted value is recommended to determine whether the change scores are beyond Random Measurement Error when the MBI or the BI is used.

Wenshian Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • test retest reliability and minimal detectable change of the d2 test of attention in patients with schizophrenia
    Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Wenshian Lu, Chinglin Hsieh
    Abstract:

    Objective: The d2 Test of Attention (D2) is a commonly used measure of selective attention for patients with schizophrenia. However, its test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) are unknown in patients with schizophrenia, limiting its utility in both clinical and research settings. The aim of the present study was to examine the test-retest reliability and MDC of the D2 in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A rater administered the D2 on 108 patients with schizophrenia twice at a 1-month interval. Test-retest reliability was determined through the calculation of the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). We also carried out Bland-Altman analysis, which included a scatter plot of the differences between test and retest against their mean. Systematic biases were evaluated by use of a paired t-test. Results: The ICCs for the D2 ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. The MDCs (MDC%) of the seven subscores were 102.3 (29.7), 19.4 (85.0), 7.2 (94.6), 21.0 (69.0), 104.0 (33.1), 105.0 (35.8), and 7.8 (47.8), which represented limited-to-acceptable Random Measurement Error. Trends in the Bland-Altman plots of the omissions (E1), commissions (E2), and Errors (E) were noted, presenting that the data had heteroscedasticity. Conclusions: According to the results, the D2 had good test-retest reliability, especially in the scores of TN, TN-E, and CP. For the further research, finding a way to improve the administration procedure to reduce Random Measurement Error would be important for the E1, E2, E, and FR subscores.

  • test retest reliability and minimal detectable change of the beck depression inventory and the taiwan geriatric depression scale in patients with parkinson s disease
    PLOS ONE, 2017
    Co-Authors: Sheauling Huang, Rueymeei Wu, Chinglin Hsieh, Wenshian Lu
    Abstract:

    Background The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the Taiwan Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS) are self-report scales used for assessing depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and geriatric people. The minimal detectable change (MDC) represents the least amount of change that indicates real difference (i.e., beyond Random Measurement Error) for a single subject. Our aim was to investigate the test-retest reliability and MDC of the BDI-II and the TGDS in people with PD. Methods Seventy patients were recruited from special clinics for movement disorders at a medical center. The patients’ mean age was 67.7 years, and 63.0% of the patients were male. All patients were assessed with the BDI-II and the TGDS twice, 2 weeks apart. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability between test and retest. We calculated the MDC based on standard Error of Measurement. The MDC% was calculated (i.e., by dividing the MDC by the possible maximal score of the measure). Results The test-retest reliabilities of the BDI-II/TGDS were high (ICC = 0.86/0.89). The MDCs (MDC%s) of the BDI-II and TGDS were 8.7 (13.8%) and 5.4 points (18.0%), respectively. Both measures had acceptable to nearly excellent Random Measurement Errors. Conclusions The test-retest reliabilities of the BDI-II and the TGDS are high. The MDCs of both measures are acceptable to nearly excellent in people with PD. These findings imply that the BDI-II and the TGDS are suitable for use in a research context and in clinical settings to detect real change in a single subject.

  • the test retest reliability and the minimal detectable change of the purdue pegboard test in schizophrenia
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 2013
    Co-Authors: Chipang Lu, Wenshian Lu, Chinglin Hsieh
    Abstract:

    Background/Purpose The Purdue pegboard test is widely used in measuring the hand dexterity of patients with schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia, the test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of this test remain largely unknown, limiting the interpretability of this popular measure. The purpose of this study was to estimate the test–retest reliability and the MDC of the Purdue pegboard test for patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 147 patients with schizophrenia participated in this study. The participants were administrated the five subtests of the Purdue pegboard test, three trials in a row at both of the two sessions 1 week apart. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine the test–retest reliability and the MDC was calculated on the basis of standard Error of Measurement. Results The test–retest reliabilities of the five subtests were moderate to good (ICC = 0.73–0.88). The MDC (MDC%) was 3.0 (22.9%) for the dominant hand subtest, 3.1 (26.1%) for the nondominant hand subtest, 3.0 (31.7%) for the both hands subtest, 6.1 (17.7%) for the dominant + nondominant + both hands subtest, and 8.5 (35.3%) for the assembly subtest. Conclusion Our results reveal that the Purdue pegboard test has moderate-to-good test–retest reliability but substantial Random Measurement Error. These findings should enable clinicians and researchers to monitor and interpret the changes in the hand dexterity of patients with schizophrenia more accurately and confidently.

  • minimal detectable change of the timed up go test and the dynamic gait index in people with parkinson disease
    Physical Therapy, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sheauling Huang, Rueymeei Wu, Chinglin Hsieh, Wenshian Lu
    Abstract:

    Background The minimal detectable change (MDC) is the smallest amount of difference in individual scores that represents true change (beyond Random Measurement Error). The MDCs of the Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) in people with Parkinson disease (PD) are largely unknown, limiting the interpretability of the change scores of both measures. Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the MDCs of the TUG and the DGI in people with PD. Design This investigation was a prospective cohort study. Methods Seventy-two participants were recruited from special clinics for movement disorders at a university hospital. Their mean age was 67.5 years, and 61% were men. All participants completed the TUG and the DGI assessments twice, about 14 days apart. The MDC was calculated from the standard Error of Measurement. The percentage MDC (MDC%) was calculated as the MDC divided by the mean of all scores for the sample. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to examine the reproducibility between testing sessions (test-retest reliability). Results The respective MDC and MDC% of the TUG were 3.5 seconds and 29.8, and those of the DGI were 2.9 points and 13.3. The test-retest reliability values for the TUG and the DGI were high; the intraclass correlation coefficients were .80 and .84, respectively. Limitations The study sample was a convenience sample, and the participants had mild to moderately severe PD. Conclusions The results showed that the TUG and the DGI have generally acceptable Random Measurement Error and test-retest reliability. These findings should help clinicians and researchers determine whether a change in an individual patient with PD is a true change.