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H H Stein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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apparent and standardized total tract digestibility by growing pigs of phosphorus in canola meal from north america and 00 Rapeseed meal and 00 Rapeseed expellers from europe without and with microbial phytase
Journal of Animal Science, 2015Co-Authors: Tanawong Maison, H H SteinAbstract:: An experiment was conducted to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) by growing pigs of P in canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers. Canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal are the coproducts produced after the residual oil has been solvent extracted from the prepressed canola seeds and 00-Rapeseeds, respectively, whereas 00-rapeseeed expellers is the coproduct from 00-Rapeseeds that have been only expeller pressed. Two hundred sixteen barrows (18.0 ± 1.5 kg initial BW) were allotted to 36 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet. Five samples of canola meal from solvent-extraction crushing plants in North America, 8 samples of 00-Rapeseed meal from solvent-extraction crushing plants in Europe, and 5 samples of 00-Rapeseed expellers from mechanical-press crushing plants in Europe were used in the experiment. Eighteen diets were prepared by including 40% of each source of canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, or 00-Rapeseed expellers in 1 diet. Eighteen additional diets were formulated by adding 1,500 units of microbial phytase to the diets. The only source of P in the diets was canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, or 00-Rapeseed expellers. Pigs were placed in metabolism crates that allowed for total fecal collection. Pigs were fed at 2.5 times their estimated energy requirement for maintenance. Ingredients, diets, and feces were analyzed for P, and the ATTD and STTD of each source of canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers were calculated. A value for endogenous P loss of 190 mg/kg DMI was used to calculate the STTD of P. Results indicated that the ATTD and STTD of P for canola meal were not different from values obtained in 00-Rapeseed meal, and the ATTD and STTD of P in 00-Rapeseed meal were not different from values for 00-Rapeseed expellers. The ATTD and STTD of P increased (P < 0.001) from 44.99 and 48.82% to 64.08 and 67.97% for canola meal, from 46.77 and 50.36% to 63.53 and 67.29% for 00-Rapeseed meal, and from 44.83 and 48.60% to 69.18 and 72.99%, respectively, for 00-Rapeseed expellers by adding microbial phytase to the diets. In conclusion, although the concentration of ether extract is much greater in 00-Rapeseed expellers than in 00-Rapeseed meal and canola meal, the ATTD and STTD of P for these ingredients are not different, and addition of microbial phytase results in improved digestibility of P in canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers.
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digestibility of energy and detergent fiber and digestible and metabolizable energy values in canola meal 00 Rapeseed meal and 00 Rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs
Journal of Animal Science, 2015Co-Authors: T Maison, H H SteinAbstract:: There are limited data on the DE and ME values and the digestibility of fiber in canola meal, Rapeseed meal, and Rapeseed expellers fed to pigs. This experiment was conducted to measure the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, ADF, and NDF and to calculate DE and ME values in canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs. Twenty-three barrows (initial BW: 27.7 ± 2.92 kg) were allotted to an 8 × 23 Youden square design with 8 periods and 23 animals. Twenty-three diets were prepared: a corn basal diet and 22 diets based on corn and 1 of 22 test ingredients. The test ingredients were 6 canola meals from solvent-extraction crushing plants in North America, eleven 00-Rapeseed meals from solvent-extraction crushing plants in Europe, and five 00-Rapeseed expellers from mechanical-press crushing plants in Europe. Pigs were placed in metabolism cages that allowed for the total, but separate, collection of feces and urine. The DE and ME values were calculated for each source of canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers using the difference procedure. The ATTD of GE and the DE and ME values in canola meal were not different from the values in 00-Rapeseed meal, but 00-Rapeseed expellers had greater ( < 0.01) ATTD of GE and DE and ME values than 00-Rapeseed meal. Average DE and ME values were 3,378 and 3,127 kcal/kg DM in canola meal, 3,461 and 3,168 kcal/kg DM in 00-Rapeseed, and 4,005 and 3,691 kcal/kg DM in 00-Rapeseed expellers. The ATTD of ADF was 12.3% greater ( < 0.01) in 00-Rapeseed meal than in canola meal, but no differences were observed in ATTD of NDF between canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal. No differences were observed in ATTD of ADF and NDF between 00-Rapeseed meal and 00-Rapeseed expellers. The models for predicting the DE and ME values of canola and Rapeseed products were DE = -1,583 + 6.64 × ash + 7.01 × ADF - 33.17 × NDF + 98.66 × ADL + 1.07 × GE ( = 0.94) and ME = -630.8 + 14.13 × ash + 5.02 × crude fiber + 3.45 × ADF + 1.03 × DE ( = 0.98). In conclusion, the digestibility of energy and NDF and the DE and ME values are not different between canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal. However, 00-Rapeseed expellers have greater energy digestibility and contain 7.6% more DE and 7.7% more ME than 00-Rapeseed meal.
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digestibility by growing pigs of amino acids in canola meal from north america and 00 Rapeseed meal and 00 Rapeseed expellers from europe
Journal of Animal Science, 2014Co-Authors: T Maison, H H SteinAbstract:: The digestibility of CP and AA by growing pigs in coproducts from canola and 00-Rapeseed may be influenced by the variety of seeds that was grown and the processing method used to extract the oil from the seeds. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs. Canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal are the coproducts produced after the residual oil has been solvent extracted from canola seeds and 00-Rapeseeds, respectively, whereas 00-Rapeseed expellers is the coproduct from 00-Rapeseeds that have been only expeller pressed. Twenty-three barrows (initial BW: 28.8 ± 2.64 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 9 × 23 Youden square design with 9 periods and 23 dietary treatments. The 23 diets included 7 diets based on the 7 samples of canola meal, 10 diets based on the 10 samples of 00-Rapeseed meal, 5 diets based on the 5 samples of 00-Rapeseed expellers, and a N-free diet. Each source of canola or Rapeseed coproducts was used as the only source of CP and AA in 1 diet. The SID of CP and all AA except Val, Cys, and Glu were not different between canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal, but 00-Rapeseed expellers had greater (P < 0.01) SID of CP and all AA except Thr, Trp, and Gly than 00-Rapeseed meal, which possibly is due to heat damage in 00-Rapeseed meal. For Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, SID values of 70.6%, 84.5%, 73.0%, and 82.6%, and 71.9%, 84.6%, 72.6%, and 82.6% were obtained in canola meal and Rapeseed meal, respectively, whereas values in 00-Rapeseed expellers were 74.7%, 87.1%, 74.0%, and 83.4%. The SID for most AA was different (P < 0.05) among the 7 sources of canola meal, among the 10 sources of 00-Rapeseed meal, and among the 5 sources of 00-Rapeseed expellers. The concentration of standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA in canola and 00-Rapeseed coproducts can be predicted from the concentration of the corresponding AA with only a low to moderate correlation (r(2) = 0.206 to 0.655). In conclusion, AA digestibility is not different between canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal, but 00-Rapeseed expellers have greater digestibility of most AA than 00-Rapeseed meal. Prediction equations may not always adequately estimate the concentration of indispensable AA and standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA in canola and 00-Rapeseed coproducts.
Michael G Kontominas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in situ and conventional transesterification of Rapeseeds for biodiesel production the effect of direct sonication
Industrial Crops and Products, 2016Co-Authors: A A Koutsouki, E Tegou, Anastasia Badeka, Stavros Kontakos, P J Pomonis, Michael G KontominasAbstract:Abstract Rapeseeds were used for the production of biodiesel via alkaline transesterification. The effect of direct sonication (24 kHz) during in situ and conventional transesterification was studied without the use of external heating and was compared to that of mechanical stirring (600 rpm, 60 °C). In the in situ transesterification the use of ultrasonication and mechanical stirring led to a similar high % FAME content (97.2 ± 0.4 and 95.7% ± 0.8 respectively) after 120 min. However the % yield of the extracted methyl esters using mechanical stirring was considerably lower compared to ultrasonication (37.0 and 80.6% respectively) when same conditions were applied (7.5% NaOH w/w of oil, 400:1 methanol to oil molar ratio). The kinetics study of the Rapeseed oil methanolysis process via direct sonication and mechanical stirring showed that the reaction rate constant is not affected by the method of stirring under specific conditions. Properties of Rapeseed biodiesel determined agree with the specifications of the European Standard EN 14214.
T Maison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digestibility of energy and detergent fiber and digestible and metabolizable energy values in canola meal 00 Rapeseed meal and 00 Rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs
Journal of Animal Science, 2015Co-Authors: T Maison, H H SteinAbstract:: There are limited data on the DE and ME values and the digestibility of fiber in canola meal, Rapeseed meal, and Rapeseed expellers fed to pigs. This experiment was conducted to measure the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, ADF, and NDF and to calculate DE and ME values in canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs. Twenty-three barrows (initial BW: 27.7 ± 2.92 kg) were allotted to an 8 × 23 Youden square design with 8 periods and 23 animals. Twenty-three diets were prepared: a corn basal diet and 22 diets based on corn and 1 of 22 test ingredients. The test ingredients were 6 canola meals from solvent-extraction crushing plants in North America, eleven 00-Rapeseed meals from solvent-extraction crushing plants in Europe, and five 00-Rapeseed expellers from mechanical-press crushing plants in Europe. Pigs were placed in metabolism cages that allowed for the total, but separate, collection of feces and urine. The DE and ME values were calculated for each source of canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers using the difference procedure. The ATTD of GE and the DE and ME values in canola meal were not different from the values in 00-Rapeseed meal, but 00-Rapeseed expellers had greater ( < 0.01) ATTD of GE and DE and ME values than 00-Rapeseed meal. Average DE and ME values were 3,378 and 3,127 kcal/kg DM in canola meal, 3,461 and 3,168 kcal/kg DM in 00-Rapeseed, and 4,005 and 3,691 kcal/kg DM in 00-Rapeseed expellers. The ATTD of ADF was 12.3% greater ( < 0.01) in 00-Rapeseed meal than in canola meal, but no differences were observed in ATTD of NDF between canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal. No differences were observed in ATTD of ADF and NDF between 00-Rapeseed meal and 00-Rapeseed expellers. The models for predicting the DE and ME values of canola and Rapeseed products were DE = -1,583 + 6.64 × ash + 7.01 × ADF - 33.17 × NDF + 98.66 × ADL + 1.07 × GE ( = 0.94) and ME = -630.8 + 14.13 × ash + 5.02 × crude fiber + 3.45 × ADF + 1.03 × DE ( = 0.98). In conclusion, the digestibility of energy and NDF and the DE and ME values are not different between canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal. However, 00-Rapeseed expellers have greater energy digestibility and contain 7.6% more DE and 7.7% more ME than 00-Rapeseed meal.
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digestibility by growing pigs of amino acids in canola meal from north america and 00 Rapeseed meal and 00 Rapeseed expellers from europe
Journal of Animal Science, 2014Co-Authors: T Maison, H H SteinAbstract:: The digestibility of CP and AA by growing pigs in coproducts from canola and 00-Rapeseed may be influenced by the variety of seeds that was grown and the processing method used to extract the oil from the seeds. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in canola meal, 00-Rapeseed meal, and 00-Rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs. Canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal are the coproducts produced after the residual oil has been solvent extracted from canola seeds and 00-Rapeseeds, respectively, whereas 00-Rapeseed expellers is the coproduct from 00-Rapeseeds that have been only expeller pressed. Twenty-three barrows (initial BW: 28.8 ± 2.64 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 9 × 23 Youden square design with 9 periods and 23 dietary treatments. The 23 diets included 7 diets based on the 7 samples of canola meal, 10 diets based on the 10 samples of 00-Rapeseed meal, 5 diets based on the 5 samples of 00-Rapeseed expellers, and a N-free diet. Each source of canola or Rapeseed coproducts was used as the only source of CP and AA in 1 diet. The SID of CP and all AA except Val, Cys, and Glu were not different between canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal, but 00-Rapeseed expellers had greater (P < 0.01) SID of CP and all AA except Thr, Trp, and Gly than 00-Rapeseed meal, which possibly is due to heat damage in 00-Rapeseed meal. For Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, SID values of 70.6%, 84.5%, 73.0%, and 82.6%, and 71.9%, 84.6%, 72.6%, and 82.6% were obtained in canola meal and Rapeseed meal, respectively, whereas values in 00-Rapeseed expellers were 74.7%, 87.1%, 74.0%, and 83.4%. The SID for most AA was different (P < 0.05) among the 7 sources of canola meal, among the 10 sources of 00-Rapeseed meal, and among the 5 sources of 00-Rapeseed expellers. The concentration of standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA in canola and 00-Rapeseed coproducts can be predicted from the concentration of the corresponding AA with only a low to moderate correlation (r(2) = 0.206 to 0.655). In conclusion, AA digestibility is not different between canola meal and 00-Rapeseed meal, but 00-Rapeseed expellers have greater digestibility of most AA than 00-Rapeseed meal. Prediction equations may not always adequately estimate the concentration of indispensable AA and standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA in canola and 00-Rapeseed coproducts.
Fereidoon Shahidi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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current research developments on polyphenolics of Rapeseed canola a review
Food Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: M Naczk, Ryszard Amarowicz, A Sullivan, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:The utilization of Rapeseed/canola as a source of food-grade proteins is still limited due the presence of glucosinolates, phytates, hulls and phenolics. Phenolic acids and condensed tannins are the predominant phenolic compounds found in Rapeseed. The content of phenolic compounds in Rapeseed/canola products is much higher than that found in corresponding products from other oleaginous seeds. Phenolics such as free phenolic acids, sinapines and condensed tannins may contribute to the bitter taste and astringency of Rapeseed products. In addition, both phenolic acids and condensed tannins may form complexes with proteins, thus lowering the nutritional value of Rapeseed products. The specific mode of interaction of Rapeseed phenolics with proteins is still not well understood. Therefore, a better knowledge of factors which influence the interactions between phenolics and proteins would be beneficial in developing more efficient technologies for production of phenolic-free Rapeseed protein isolates.
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Canola and Rapeseed : production, chemistry, nutrition, and processing technology
1990Co-Authors: Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Part 1: Production and seed improvement. Rapeseed and canola: Global production and distribution. North American production of canola. Agronomy of canola in the United States. New developments in canola research. The role of biotechnology in canola/Rapeseed research. Part 2: Chemistry, analysis, and nutritional effects. Canola fatty acids - an ideal mixture for health, nutrition, and food use. Stability of canola oil. Hydrogenation of canola oil. Glucoinsulates: Structure - properties - function. Phytates in canola/Rapeseed. Phenolic acids and tannins in Rapeseed and canola. Carbohydrates of canola and Rapeseed. Application of near infrared to analysis of oil, protein, chlorophyll and glucoinsulates in canola/Rapeseed. Part 3: Commercial processing and new developments. Commercial processing of canola and Rapeseed: Crushing and oil extraction. Further processing of canola and Rapeseed oil. Enzyme pretreatment to enhance oil extractability in canola. Removal of glucoinsulates and other antinutritional from canola and Rapeseed by methonal Rapeseed and production of high quality products.
Abdelhafid Bendahmane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of a radish introgression carrying the Ogura fertility restorer gene Rfo in Rapeseed, using the Arabidopsis genome sequence and radish genetic mapping
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003Co-Authors: Sandra Giancola, Sylvie Marhadour, Sophie Desloire, Vanessa Clouet, Hélène Falentin-guyomarc'h, Wassila Laloui, Cyril Falentin, Georges Pelletier, Michel Renard, Abdelhafid BendahmaneAbstract:The radish Rfo gene restores male fertility in radish or Rapeseed plants carrying Ogura cytoplasmic male-sterility. This system was first discovered in radish and was transferred to Rapeseed for the production of F1 hybrid seeds. We aimed to identify the region of the Arabidopsis genome syntenic to the Rfo locus and to characterize the radish introgression in restored Rapeseed. We used two methods: amplified consensus genetic markers (ACGMs) in restored Rapeseed plants and construction of a precise genetic map around the Rfo gene in a segregating radish population. The use of ACGMs made it possible to detect radish orthologs of Arabidopsis genes in the restored Rapeseed genome. We identified radish genes, linked to Rfo in Rapeseed and whose orthologs in Arabidopsis are carried by chromosomes 1, 4 and 5. This indicates several breaks in colinearity between radish and Arabidopsis genomes in this region. We determined the positions of markers relative to each other and to the Rfo gene, using the progeny of a Rapeseed plant with unstable meiotic transmission of the radish introgression. This enabled us to produce a schematic diagram of the radish introgression in Rapeseed. Markers which could be mapped both on radish and restored Rapeseed indicate that at least 50 cM of the radish genome is integrated in restored Rapeseed. Using markers closely linked to the Rfo gene in Rapeseed and radish, we identified a contig spanning six bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones on Arabidopsis chromosome 1, which is likely to carry the orthologous Rfo gene.
