The Experts below are selected from a list of 12339 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Edward N. Muller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rebellion, Violence and Revolution: A Rational Choice Perspective
Journal of Peace Research, 1998Co-Authors: Erich Weede, Edward N. MullerAbstract:There are many rebellions, fewer successful rebellions, and extremely few social revolutions. First, the relative frequencies of elite and mass rebellions are investigated. Because a Rational Choice Approach finds it easier to explain elite rebellions and a deprivation Approach seems tailored to the explanation of mass rebellions, the relative frequencies of these two types of rebellion favor Rational Choice. Second, the small number of mass rebellions is related to military issues, such as loyalty and defeat in war. Although military defeat in war is neither close to a necessary, nor to a sufficient condition of successful rebellion, it still might multiply its likelihood. Third, it is argued that the link between international rivalries and great revolutions via ruler discouragement and rebel encouragement is compatible with a Rational Choice Approach. Because it is obviously so important in revolutions, nationalist and religious zealotry needs to be integrated into Rational Choice Approaches to rebelli...
Benoît Leclerc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weapon use and sexual abuse outcomes: A multivariate and conjunctive analysis of sexual offenses against women
Security Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Benoît Leclerc, Jesse CaleAbstract:Weapon use in the commission of crimes and its associated outcomes has received much attention in criminology. However, the empirical literature on the relationship between weapon use and specific sexual abuse outcomes in sexual offenses against women is less abundant and characterized by substantial limitations. Drawing on the Rational Choice Approach in criminology, the aim of this study is to further understand weapon use in sexual offenses against women in relation to outcomes of sexual abuse (that is, performance of penile penetration by the offender and performance of forced sexual behaviors by the victim on the offender). As expected, based on data obtained from offenders, multivariate analyses show that weapon use is positively associated with the performance of sexual behaviors by the victim on the offender. The study also identifies high-risk situational contexts leading to different sexual abuse outcomes.
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Decision Making in the Crime Commission Process: Comparing Rapists, Child Molesters, and Victim-Crossover Sex Offenders
Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Eric Beauregard, Benoît Leclerc, Patrick LussierAbstract:Based on a Rational Choice Approach, this study compares the decision making involved in the crime commission process of rapists (n = 30), child molesters (n = 17), and victim-crossover sex offenders (n = 22). Using a mixed-methods framework and following Clarke and Cornish’s decision-making model, the authors organized offenders’ narratives collected during semistructured interviews into three major areas: (a) offense planning (i.e., premeditation of the crime, estimation of risk of apprehension by the offender, and forensic awareness of the offender); (b) offense strategies (i.e., use of a weapon, use of restraints, use of a vehicle, and level of force used; and (c) aftermath (i.e., event leading to the end of crime and victim release site location Choice). Results emphasize the important role of situational factors and age of the victim on the decision-making process of serial sex offenders. Moreover, results show that because of particular Choice-structuring properties, the decision making varies acro...
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An Application of the Rational Choice Approach to the Offending Process of Sex Offenders: A Closer Look at the Decision-making
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 2007Co-Authors: Eric Beauregard, Benoît LeclercAbstract:Although the study of both offense processes and implicit theories provides in-depth knowledge about the decision-making of sex offenders, these studies focus solely on the internal psychological processes of the offender leading to the commission of a sexual assault. These studies neglect to look specifically at the offender’s decision-making during the offense in interaction with the immediate situations encountered at the offense scene, such as the Choices of behavior while interacting with the victim in a specific context. Based on a Rational Choice Approach, this study investigates the decision-making involved in the offending process of 69 serial sexual offenders who have committed their crimes against stranger victims. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with offenders in order to identify the Rationale behind their actions during the pre-crime phase (premeditation of the crime, estimation of risk of apprehension by the offender, and forensic awareness of the offender), crime phase (use of a weapon, use of restraints, use of a vehicle, and level of force used), and the post-crime phase (event leading to the end of crime and victim release site location Choice). Results show that sex offenders, even if traditionally described as “irRational” and impulsive individuals, are capable, up to a certain point, of an analysis of the costs/benefits related to their actions. Moreover, results emphasize the important role of situational factors, such as victim resistance, on the decision-making process of sex offenders. Implications of the results are briefly discussed in regard of clinical practice and crime prevention.
Julia Häuberer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Founding Concepts of Social Capital - Bourdieu’s Theory of Capital and Coleman's Rational-Choice Approach to Social Capital
Social Capital Theory, 2011Co-Authors: Julia HäubererAbstract:Bourdieu and Coleman are the founding theorists of social capital because they introduced the term social capital systematically for the first time. Although they did so nearly simultaneously, they introduced the term independently of each other. In the present monograph, we aim to discuss the term social capital from its roots, and thus this chapter introduces first Bourdieu's concept and then Coleman's. We discuss both concepts critically and draw a conclusion about which features are important for a social capital theory.
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the founding concepts of social capital bourdieu s theory of capital and coleman s Rational Choice Approach to social capital
2011Co-Authors: Julia HäubererAbstract:Bourdieu and Coleman are the founding theorists of social capital because they introduced the term social capital systematically for the first time. Although they did so nearly simultaneously, they introduced the term independently of each other. In the present monograph, we aim to discuss the term social capital from its roots, and thus this chapter introduces first Bourdieu's concept and then Coleman's. We discuss both concepts critically and draw a conclusion about which features are important for a social capital theory.
Yaacov Y. I. Vertzberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rethinking and reconceptualizing risk in foreign policy decision-making: a sociocognitive Approach
Political Psychology, 1995Co-Authors: Yaacov Y. I. VertzbergerAbstract:This essay calls both for much greater attention to a relatively neglected but critical issue-area in foreign policy analysis, that of risk, and for a departure from a Rational Choice Approach in the direction of a sociocognitive Approach to risk. The sociocognitive Approach to risk and risk-taking introduced here represents a substantial departure from the Rational Choice Approach that has dominated the study of risk in foreign policy decision-making. The essay redefines and reconceptualizes the nature of risk in international politics in a manner that is in our view more consistent with actual decision-makers' behavior. Unlike the "black boxing" of the concept of risk that is evident in the Rational Choice Approach to studies of risk, this study opens the "black box" by first disaggregating it into actual risk, perceived risk, and acceptable risk-and then by detailing the attributes of risk. This, we believe, is an essential first step toward a more realistic, accurate, and policy-relevant analysis. The Approach presented here views risk as a social construct. Therefore, in explaining diversity in risk preferences, we focus on the taste for risk as a source of variety in risk preference across individuals, and on the process of problem-framing and communication. How risks are framed, especially when problems are ill-defined, becomes highly consequential for how decision-makers will understand and respond to it, and how effectively risk will be communicated both within the decision-making system as well as to outsiders.
Deborah Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Towards an interactive sociological Rational Choice Approach to theorising class dimensions of school Choice
Policy & Politics, 2015Co-Authors: Gary Bridge, Deborah WilsonAbstract:Understanding how different groups of users make Choices is central to explaining the outcomes of Choice-based mechanisms such as those observed in education systems across different national contexts. We discuss two established perspectives employed to explain decision-making in relation to class and education, and develop an argument for the superior explanatory potential of an elaborated, interactive, sociological Rational Choice perspective. We illustrate how this framework may be opeRationalised to inform policy aimed at reducing class differentials in school Choice and subsequent educational outcomes in the context of New Public Management ideas.
