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Daniel Turner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The prevalence of mental disorders in incarcerated contact Sexual Offenders
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2019Co-Authors: Reinhard Eher, Martin Rettenberger, Daniel TurnerAbstract:OBJECTIVE Mental disorders in Sexual Offenders are relevant in terms of risk assessment and psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was conducted between 2001 and 2017 and included 1511 Sexual Offenders who were assessed at the Federal Evaluation Center for Sexual and Violent Offenders in the Austrian Prison System. All Sexual Offenders were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I (SCID I) and Axis II disorders (SCID II). RESULTS N = 1250 (92.9%) Sexual Offenders were diagnosed with a mental disorder, whereby the great majority received multiple diagnoses. The most frequently found disorders were alcohol misuse (40.0%), paraphilic (43.3%), and personality disorders (53.6%) with a special emphasis on Cluster B personality disorders (47.8%). While Sexual Offenders against children were more likely to be diagnosed with paraphilic disorders, Sexual Offenders against adults were more likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. CONCLUSION Prevalence rates of mental disorders in Sexual Offenders are considerable. Besides specific risk reducing treatment, the psychological and social sequelae of the mental disorder have to be addressed in interventions in order to reach an effective and sustainable risk reduction.
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Pharmacological treatment of Sexual Offenders in German outpatient treatment centers
International clinical psychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Daniel Turner, Priscilla Gregório Hertz, Julia Sauter, Peer Briken, Martin RettenbergerAbstract:In Germany, depending on a Sexual offender's culpability and the severity of the offence, he/she can be placed either in the forensic-psychiatric or the correctional system. Numbers related to the pharmacological treatment of Sexual Offenders for the correctional system are missing so far. In Sexual Offenders, the pharmacological treatment of paraphilic disorders is of special importance. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of pharmacological Sexual offender treatment in German outpatient treatment centers supervising mainly clients from the correctional sector. An online questionnaire was sent to 112 outpatient treatment centers and 21 provided data relevant for the present study. The included institutions reported about a total of 813 Sexual Offenders, of whom 200 (24.6%) were treated with pharmacological agents, most frequently antipsychotics (14.8%) and selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors (7.1%). Of the total sample, 26.7% of Sexual Offenders were diagnosed with a paraphilic - mainly with a pedophilic - disorder. Only 2% were treated with androgen-deprivation therapy. Compared with forensic-psychiatric institutions, only a minority of Sexual Offenders are treated with medication specifically addressing paraphilic symptomatology. However, the prevalence of paraphilic disorders found in the present study suggests that pharmacological treatment of paraphilic fantasies and behaviors could be of great importance in the correctional sector as well.
Tony Ward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empathy and adolescent Sexual Offenders: A review of the literature
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Tracey Varker, Tony Ward, Grant James Devilly, Anthony R BeechAbstract:A significant proportion of Sexual offenses has been found to be committed by adolescent Offenders. Although there is overlap in the backgrounds of adolescent Sexual Offenders and juvenile delinquents, in recent times there has been an increased effort to identify and treat adolescent Sexual Offenders as a distinct population. Adolescent Sexual Offenders are thought to be empathy deficient, with empathy development a commonly defined treatment goal. There is confusion, however, as to whether such empathy deficits are general in nature, are towards certain groups of people, or are own victim-specific. This article provides a review of the literature concerning empathy and adolescent Sexual Offenders and, based on this assessment, recommendations are made for future research.
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Treatment of Sexual Offenders: Relapse Prevention and Beyond
Therapist's Guide to Evidence-Based Relapse Prevention, 2007Co-Authors: Pamela M. Yates, Tony WardAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter reviews treatment approaches utilized historically with a focus on recent adaptations to the relapse prevention (RP) model that have been applied to the treatment of Sexual Offenders. The treatment of choice for Sexual Offenders at present adheres to the principles of effective correctional intervention in which treatment is matched to the risk posed by individual Offenders. Effective treatment also follows the cognitive-behavioral model, which demonstrates the greatest impact on reoffense rates of Sexual Offenders. The RP model as applied to Sexual Offenders has been widely accepted as a method of treatment for Sexual Offenders. The RP model as applied to Sexual offending also fails to account adequately for variations in the degree of planning of Sexual offending, which for some individuals is quite extensive and explicit. The self-regulation model (SRM) posits nine phases in the offense progression and four distinct pathways that lead to Sexual offending. It is found that the SRM contains a number of pathways, representing different combinations of offense-related goals, and the use of distinct regulation styles in relation to Sexually offensive contact.
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Sexual Offenders' cognitive distortions as implicit theories
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2000Co-Authors: Tony WardAbstract:In this article, I argue that Sexual Offenders' cognitive distortions emerge from underlying causal theories about the nature of their victims. These implicit theories function like scientific theories and are used to explain empirical regularities (e.g., other people's actions) and to make predictions about the world. They are relatively coherent and constituted by a number of interlocking ideas and their component concepts and categories. Following a review of research from other areas in psychology on implicit theories, I consider the implications of this perspective for understanding cognitive distortions in Sexual Offenders. Finally, I discuss the research and clinical implications of viewing cognitive distortions in Offenders as implicit theories.
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Sexual Offenders' perceptions of their intimate relationships.
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 1997Co-Authors: Tony Ward, Julie Mccormack, Stephen M. HudsonAbstract:Recent theoretical and empirical research suggests that Sexual Offenders have intimacy skill deficits that may play a significant role in the etiology and maintenance of their dysfunctional Sexual behavior. Sexual Offenders have frequently been described as loners or as having few, superficial, and unsatisfying relationships. The purpose of the present study was to identify the perceptions of intimate relationships of Sexual Offenders and two criminal comparison groups. The participants in this study included child molesters (55), rapists (30), violent nonSexual Offenders (32), and nonviolent, nonSexual Offenders (30), violent nonSexual Offenders (32), and nonviolent, nonSexual Offenders (30). The participants were interviewed and a set of categories was developed from these data using a grounded theory analysis. In the second part of the study these categories were used to identify differences in the perceptions of adult romantic relationships between Sexual Offenders and the comparison groups. Relationship commitment, evaluation of the partner, self-disclosure, trust, expression of affection, Sexual satisfaction, the giving and receiving of support, empathy, conflict resolution, autonomy, and sensitivity to rejection all emerged as significant aspects of Sexual Offenders' perceptions of their intimate relationships. Our findings also suggest that Sexual Offenders have a number of intimacy deficits that create difficulties in their romantic relationships. These deficits are to a large extent shared by the violent Offenders and, therefore, are not specific to Sexual Offenders. They represent a general vulnerability factor leading to the development of a variety of offenses and life problems. The theoretical, research, and clinical implications of our findings are discussed.
R. Karl Hanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Recidivism Rates of Female Sexual Offenders Are Low: A Meta-Analysis
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, 2010Co-Authors: Franca Cortoni, R. Karl Hanson, Marie-Ève CoacheAbstract:This study examined the recidivism rates of female Sexual Offenders. A meta-analysis of 10 studies (2,490 Offenders; average follow-up 6.5 years) showed that female Sexual Offenders have extremely low rates of Sexual recidivism (less than 3%). The recidivism rates for violent (including Sexual) offences and for any type of crime were predictably higher than the recidivism rates for Sexual offences but still lower than the recidivism rates of male Sexual Offenders. These findings indicate the need for distinct policies and procedures for assessing and managing the risk of male and female Sexual Offenders. Risk assessment tools developed specifically for male Sexual Offenders would be expected to substantially overestimate the recidivism risk of female Sexual Offenders.
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A modified Stroop task with Sexual Offenders: Replication of a study
Journal of Sexual Aggression, 2007Co-Authors: Shelley A. Price, R. Karl HansonAbstract:Abstract Cognitive–behavioural treatment of Sexual Offenders assumes that Sexual Offenders are motivated by deviant attitudes, perceptions and values. Although aspects of deviant schema can be assessed by questionnaires, self-report measures are limited by the respondent's willingness to be forthright and by the fact that, typically, these cognitive processes occur quickly, revealing signs of automaticity. Recent research by Smith and Waterman has suggested that the deviant schema of Sexual Offenders could be assessed using a version of the Stroop colour-naming task. Long latency periods to Sexual colour words imply a longer information-processing route and evidence of pre-established (deviant) Sexual cognitive schema. Stroop techniques may offer the advantage of eliminating limitations that arise when using self-report techniques, such as fakeability and social desirability concerns. The current study replicates and extends Smith and Waterman's results using samples of Sexual Offenders, non-Sexual violen...
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How to know what works with Sexual Offenders
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 1997Co-Authors: R. Karl HansonAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to review methods for evaluating the efficacy of treatment programs for Sexual Offenders. Even though recidivism reduction is the ultimate goal of treatment, the low base rate of detected recidivism makes this an impractical outcome criterion in many settings. In this paper, I discuss three general approaches that can be used to advance our knowledge: (1) large, well-controlled single-site research studies; (2) pooling of small studies through meta-analysis; and (3) detailed examination of within-treatment change on dynamic (changeable) risk factors. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses. It is only through the accumulation of consistent results from diverse studies that we are able to learn what works with Sexual Offenders.
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Social networks of Sexual Offenders
Psychology Crime & Law, 1996Co-Authors: R. Karl Hanson, Heather ScottAbstract:Abstract Despite the extensive research attention directed toward criminal peer groups, there has been little attention to the peer groups of Sexual Offenders. Sexual Offenders are often considered to be loners who offend in isolation, but cases of sex crimes involving peer support are not difficult to find, e.g., child sex rings, gang rapes. To examine the role of peers in Sexual offending, Sexual Offenders and nonSexual Offenders were asked whether they knew other people who have committed Sexual crimes. In comparison to the nonoffender community comparison group, the Sexual Offenders reported considerably more association and identification with Sexual Offenders. The associations also tended to be offence specific, such that child molesters knew other child molesters and rapists knew other rapists. These findings have important implications for the assessment and treatment of Sexual Offenders.
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Evaluating the contribution of relapse prevention theory to the treatment of Sexual Offenders
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 1996Co-Authors: R. Karl HansonAbstract:In the last 10 years, relapse prevention (RP) has been adopted as the most popular framework for the treatment of Sexual Offenders. Although RP is conceptually similar to other forms of cognitive/behavior therapy, it has made an important contribution by focusing therapists' attention on the problem of longterm recidivism. In RP, posttreatment behavioral deterioration is not considered evidence that Sexual Offenders are untreatable; instead, lapses are considered as expected and workable problems. There are certain difficulties, however, with the application of RP to the treatment of Sexual Offenders. In some cases, RP has been interpreted so generally that it has had little real influence on preexisting practices. As well, it is not clear how some of the most distinctive concepts of RP (e.g., lapse/relapse, abstinence violation effect) should be applied to Sexual Offenders. Special efforts may also be required to convince Sexual Offenders that they are at risk before they are able to benefit from RP interventions.
Martin Rettenberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The prevalence of mental disorders in incarcerated contact Sexual Offenders
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2019Co-Authors: Reinhard Eher, Martin Rettenberger, Daniel TurnerAbstract:OBJECTIVE Mental disorders in Sexual Offenders are relevant in terms of risk assessment and psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was conducted between 2001 and 2017 and included 1511 Sexual Offenders who were assessed at the Federal Evaluation Center for Sexual and Violent Offenders in the Austrian Prison System. All Sexual Offenders were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I (SCID I) and Axis II disorders (SCID II). RESULTS N = 1250 (92.9%) Sexual Offenders were diagnosed with a mental disorder, whereby the great majority received multiple diagnoses. The most frequently found disorders were alcohol misuse (40.0%), paraphilic (43.3%), and personality disorders (53.6%) with a special emphasis on Cluster B personality disorders (47.8%). While Sexual Offenders against children were more likely to be diagnosed with paraphilic disorders, Sexual Offenders against adults were more likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. CONCLUSION Prevalence rates of mental disorders in Sexual Offenders are considerable. Besides specific risk reducing treatment, the psychological and social sequelae of the mental disorder have to be addressed in interventions in order to reach an effective and sustainable risk reduction.
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Pharmacological treatment of Sexual Offenders in German outpatient treatment centers
International clinical psychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Daniel Turner, Priscilla Gregório Hertz, Julia Sauter, Peer Briken, Martin RettenbergerAbstract:In Germany, depending on a Sexual offender's culpability and the severity of the offence, he/she can be placed either in the forensic-psychiatric or the correctional system. Numbers related to the pharmacological treatment of Sexual Offenders for the correctional system are missing so far. In Sexual Offenders, the pharmacological treatment of paraphilic disorders is of special importance. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of pharmacological Sexual offender treatment in German outpatient treatment centers supervising mainly clients from the correctional sector. An online questionnaire was sent to 112 outpatient treatment centers and 21 provided data relevant for the present study. The included institutions reported about a total of 813 Sexual Offenders, of whom 200 (24.6%) were treated with pharmacological agents, most frequently antipsychotics (14.8%) and selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors (7.1%). Of the total sample, 26.7% of Sexual Offenders were diagnosed with a paraphilic - mainly with a pedophilic - disorder. Only 2% were treated with androgen-deprivation therapy. Compared with forensic-psychiatric institutions, only a minority of Sexual Offenders are treated with medication specifically addressing paraphilic symptomatology. However, the prevalence of paraphilic disorders found in the present study suggests that pharmacological treatment of paraphilic fantasies and behaviors could be of great importance in the correctional sector as well.
Anthony R Beech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empathy and adolescent Sexual Offenders: A review of the literature
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Tracey Varker, Tony Ward, Grant James Devilly, Anthony R BeechAbstract:A significant proportion of Sexual offenses has been found to be committed by adolescent Offenders. Although there is overlap in the backgrounds of adolescent Sexual Offenders and juvenile delinquents, in recent times there has been an increased effort to identify and treat adolescent Sexual Offenders as a distinct population. Adolescent Sexual Offenders are thought to be empathy deficient, with empathy development a commonly defined treatment goal. There is confusion, however, as to whether such empathy deficits are general in nature, are towards certain groups of people, or are own victim-specific. This article provides a review of the literature concerning empathy and adolescent Sexual Offenders and, based on this assessment, recommendations are made for future research.
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comparing Sexual offender treatment efficacy mainstream Sexual Offenders and Sexual Offenders with special needs
Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 2007Co-Authors: Jenny A. Keeling, John Rose, Anthony R BeechAbstract:AbstractBackground This paper investigates the efficacy of a treatment program for Sexual Offenders with special needs in comparison to treatment outcomes for mainstream Sexual Offenders. Follow‐up data is also presented for the group of Offenders with special needs.Method Participants from the two groups were matched on four variables (risk category, sex of victim, type of offence and age). All participants completed an assessment battery pre‐ and post‐treatment and the scores on these tests were analysed for each group. Change on these measures was also compared between the two groups. Follow‐up data for the special needs cohort were collected from an offender database.Results Overall, both groups made few significant changes on the tests post‐treatment, however individual results demonstrated that some Offenders in both groups had achieved reliable change. In comparing treatment results between the two groups, the Sexual Offenders with special needs differed only on progress relating to “avoidant” rela...
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Current Practice in Britain With Sexual Offenders
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1999Co-Authors: Dawn Fisher, Anthony R BeechAbstract:This article provides an overview of the current situation regarding the management and treatment of Sexual Offenders in Britain. It also describes the work of the National Association for the Development of Work with Sex Offenders (NOTA), a professional association for those involved in working with Sexual Offenders, and it gives a brief overview of the first of a series of treatment evaluation studies commissioned by the British government.
