The Experts below are selected from a list of 57 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Elza Bontempi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new approach for evaluating the sustainability of Raw Materials Substitution based on embodied energy and the co2 footprint
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Elza BontempiAbstract:The aim of this paper is to propose a simplified method of quantifying the environmental sustainability of Raw Materials Substitution. This method is based on the use of two parameters that account for the energies and emissions involved in the formation of a material. The embodied energy and CO2 footprint are used to define a SUB-Raw index, which is used to compare the environmental performances of selected Materials. This method is applied to a real case of stabilized municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using COSMOS (acronym of COlloidal Silica Medium to Obtain Safe inert) technology. The collected COSMOS material can substitute for natural resources (e.g., calcite and talc) as filler in polypropylene composites. This recovered material shows a mean embodied energy of 0.82 MJ/kg and mean CO2 footprint of 0.02 kg/kg. The SUB-Raw index, which is very close to zero when comparing COSMOS and calcite, establishes two Materials’ equivalence regarding the energies and emissions involved in their production.
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Case Study of Raw Materials Substitution: Natural Fillers Substitution in Plastic Composites
Raw Materials Substitution Sustainability, 2017Co-Authors: Elza BontempiAbstract:In the frame of European problems of Raw Materials availability, this chapter describe a new technology (COSMOS) that allows to produce safe Materials, starting from toxic ash waste (derived from municipal solid waste incineration). It is shown that this technology was evolved in the years to reduce its environmental costs and to use local available by-products for stabilization. The by-products and wastes that can be used in the COSMOS technology are coal fly ash, flue-gas desulfurization residues, rice husk ash, silica fume, and wood ash. The sustainability of the obtained COSMOS Materials is demonstrated on the basis of their embodied energy and carbon footprint values. These parameters are reported and discussed also for several natural and engineered Materials used as fillers, with great attention also to their cost. Results show that the new proposed material is comparable to calcium carbonate, in term of sustainability. A rapid analysis of the European plastic market and the results about mechanical performances of the obtained composites, highlights the possibility to reuse COSMOS filler as a substitute of calcite and talc, in polypropylene composites. Embodied energy and carbon footprint of the already available polypropylene composites and the new proposed ones are presented and discussed. In this context, Ashby plot is used to investigate possible Substitution of polypropylene fillers that are unsustainable or very expensive, exploring the potential of one material to replace another. Finally, in view of its thermal properties the COSMOS filler is proposed as a substitute of antimony, one critical Raw material, that urgently need alternative.
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A New Approach to Evaluate the Sustainability of Raw Materials Substitution
Raw Materials Substitution Sustainability, 2017Co-Authors: Elza BontempiAbstract:Despite that the resource depletion problem affects the European society, insufficient measures to preserve natural resources are proposed by recent developed policies. In particular few attentions are devoted to wastes and by-products recovery strategies and incentives. More legislative efforts must be devoted to promote Raw Materials Substitution and support industries that are working in this direction, to achieve a circular Europe. The aim of this chapter is to introduce a simplified route to quantify the environmental sustainability of Raw Materials Substitution. A SUB-Raw index is defined, based on the use of two parameters accounting the energies and the emissions involved in the formation of a material (i.e. embodied energy and CO2 footprint). The proposed index is used in three practical examples to evaluate the possibility of some Raw Materials Substitution. It concerns the partial Substitution of Portland cement with coal fly ash (CFA), the reuse of CFA to replace activated carbon in some adsorption processes and the use of a new stabilized filler (COSMOS) instead of natural fillers in polypropylene plastic composites. The SUB-Raw index represents a simplified and valuable approach for the quantification of the sustainability of a material Substitution. The simplicity of the chosen parameters makes this evaluation method very simple and low onerous; then it can be used by industries to select suitable Materials for future investments in the green economy. A knowledge-based decision support system can increase the capability and flexibility in the Materials selection. Additionally it is demonstrated that SUB-Raw index can be used to design new Materials, based on wastes and by-products, with increased sustainability in respect to the corresponding natural resources. This can be considered an additional strategy to incentivate Materials eco-design.
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Case Study of Raw Materials Substitution: Activated Carbon Substitution for Wastewater Treatments
Raw Materials Substitution Sustainability, 2017Co-Authors: Alessandra Zanoletti, Elza BontempiAbstract:Activated carbon is a natural resource, which is largely employed as contaminant absorber for wastewater treatments. This onerous material has been suggested to be substituted by some by-products, with reduced impacts and costs. Despite that in literature there are several Materials that have been candidate to be used instead of activated carbon, an evaluation of the sustainability of these Materials is generally lacking. It was recently shown that coal fly ash (CFA) could be used as anionic surfactant adsorption in Substitution of activated carbon (Zanoletti et al. 2017), with an evaluation of the resulted environmental and emission benefits. The aim of this new work is to propose and discuss the possibility to reuse porous CFA for anionic surfactant adsorption, in wastewater treatments. CFA was modified to increase its porosity, with the addition of white egg. The obtained material results very effective in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) adsorption and present the floating characteristic, which makes the material interesting for some wastewater treatments. The experiments made on porous CFA regeneration are also presented. The sustainability of the proposed porous material is discussed in terms of embodied energy and CO2 footprint, which account for the energies and emissions involved in the material synthesis. The use of white egg to promote the pore formation on CFA increases the embodied energy and CO2 footprint of the final obtained material, in respect to the starting CFA. However this material modification may be justified in view of the increased opportunities in material management, discussed in this chapter.
Rachmawaty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Bahan Pengikat Terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Produk Nugget Tempe
2009Co-Authors: Hartati, Arsal A.faridah, RachmawatyAbstract:The diversification limitation of exploiting tempe as an alternative nugget Raw Materials, Substitution of meat and fish, and also to optimalize the very abundance resource, so it is necessary to do the right processing to the alternative food resource, which meant to give an additional point. Produce a liked product, also the adjustment of technology, and the cost that reached by the society. The aim of this reseach is to know the kind of glue material which can produce nugget tempe with the best chemical and organoleptic propertics. This research consit of 4 treatment; A1 (tempe nugget from bread powder), A2 (tempe nugget from tapioca), A3 (tempe nugget from sagu), A4 (tempe nugget maizena powder). Water convcentration analyse using oven method. Product was tested by organoleptic test (taste, smell, and tecsture). The result on water concentration analyse, that the smallest water concentration shown by A2 about 161,55% between from treatment A1 abaout 191,75%, A3 abaout 180,02% and A4 182, 45%. The result on organoleptic the teste of A1 product is the most like (75 %) between A2, A3 and A4 treatment. The smell of A2, A3 and A4 is the must like (67 %). And the best tecsture is all treatment.The result of this research is expected to give benefit in supporting the effort saking the alternative nugget glue material by using tempe which owning a high nutrition value. This research it is expected to find a kind if nugget tempe with the good glue, good taste and high nutrition value
Rachmawaty Rachmawaty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Bahan Pengikat Terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Produk Nugget Tempe (The Effect of Glue Material to Chemical and Organoleptic Propertics of the Tempe Nugget Product)
2009Co-Authors: Hartati Hartati, Andi Faridah Arsal, Rachmawaty RachmawatyAbstract:Abstrak: The diversification limitation of exploiting tempe as an alternative nugget Raw Materials, Substitution of meat and fish, and also to optimalize the very abundance resource, so it is necessary to do the right processing to the alternative food resource, which meant to give an additional point. Produce a liked product, also the adjustment of technology, and the cost that reached by the society. The aim of this reseach is to know the kind of glue material which can produce nugget tempe with the best chemical and organoleptic propertics. This research consit of 4 treatment; A1 (tempe nugget from bread powder), A2 (tempe nugget from tapioca), A3 (tempe nugget from sagu), A4 (tempe nugget maizena powder). Water convcentration analyse using oven method. Product was tested by organoleptic test (taste, smell, and tecsture). The result on water concentration analyse, that the smallest water concentration shown by A2 about 161,55% between from treatment A1 abaout 191,75%, A3 abaout 180,02% and A4 182, 45%. The result on organoleptic the teste of A1 product is the most like (75 %) between A2, A3 and A4 treatment. The smell of A2, A3 and A4 is the must like (67 %). And the best tecsture is all treatment.The result of this research is expected to give benefit in supporting the effort saking the alternative nugget glue material by using tempe which owning a high nutrition value. This research it is expected to find a kind if nugget tempe with the good glue, good taste and high nutrition value
Hartati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Bahan Pengikat Terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Produk Nugget Tempe
2009Co-Authors: Hartati, Arsal A.faridah, RachmawatyAbstract:The diversification limitation of exploiting tempe as an alternative nugget Raw Materials, Substitution of meat and fish, and also to optimalize the very abundance resource, so it is necessary to do the right processing to the alternative food resource, which meant to give an additional point. Produce a liked product, also the adjustment of technology, and the cost that reached by the society. The aim of this reseach is to know the kind of glue material which can produce nugget tempe with the best chemical and organoleptic propertics. This research consit of 4 treatment; A1 (tempe nugget from bread powder), A2 (tempe nugget from tapioca), A3 (tempe nugget from sagu), A4 (tempe nugget maizena powder). Water convcentration analyse using oven method. Product was tested by organoleptic test (taste, smell, and tecsture). The result on water concentration analyse, that the smallest water concentration shown by A2 about 161,55% between from treatment A1 abaout 191,75%, A3 abaout 180,02% and A4 182, 45%. The result on organoleptic the teste of A1 product is the most like (75 %) between A2, A3 and A4 treatment. The smell of A2, A3 and A4 is the must like (67 %). And the best tecsture is all treatment.The result of this research is expected to give benefit in supporting the effort saking the alternative nugget glue material by using tempe which owning a high nutrition value. This research it is expected to find a kind if nugget tempe with the good glue, good taste and high nutrition value
Hartati Hartati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pengaruh Bahan Pengikat Terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Produk Nugget Tempe (The Effect of Glue Material to Chemical and Organoleptic Propertics of the Tempe Nugget Product)
2009Co-Authors: Hartati Hartati, Andi Faridah Arsal, Rachmawaty RachmawatyAbstract:Abstrak: The diversification limitation of exploiting tempe as an alternative nugget Raw Materials, Substitution of meat and fish, and also to optimalize the very abundance resource, so it is necessary to do the right processing to the alternative food resource, which meant to give an additional point. Produce a liked product, also the adjustment of technology, and the cost that reached by the society. The aim of this reseach is to know the kind of glue material which can produce nugget tempe with the best chemical and organoleptic propertics. This research consit of 4 treatment; A1 (tempe nugget from bread powder), A2 (tempe nugget from tapioca), A3 (tempe nugget from sagu), A4 (tempe nugget maizena powder). Water convcentration analyse using oven method. Product was tested by organoleptic test (taste, smell, and tecsture). The result on water concentration analyse, that the smallest water concentration shown by A2 about 161,55% between from treatment A1 abaout 191,75%, A3 abaout 180,02% and A4 182, 45%. The result on organoleptic the teste of A1 product is the most like (75 %) between A2, A3 and A4 treatment. The smell of A2, A3 and A4 is the must like (67 %). And the best tecsture is all treatment.The result of this research is expected to give benefit in supporting the effort saking the alternative nugget glue material by using tempe which owning a high nutrition value. This research it is expected to find a kind if nugget tempe with the good glue, good taste and high nutrition value
