The Experts below are selected from a list of 14481 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kenneth S. Kendler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disentangling Social-Genetic From Rearing-Environment Effects for Alcohol Use Disorder Using Swedish National Data
Psychological science, 2020Co-Authors: Jessica E. Salvatore, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Kenneth S. KendlerAbstract:Investigations of social-genetic effects, whereby a social partner's genotype affects another's outcomes, can be confounded by the influence of the social partner's Rearing Environment. We used marital information on more than 300,000 couples from Swedish national data to disentangle social-genetic from Rearing-Environment effects for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using observational and extended-family designs, we found that (a) marriage to a spouse with a predisposition toward AUD (as indexed by a parental history of AUD) increased risk for developing AUD; (b) this increased risk was not explained by socioeconomic status, the spouse's AUD status, or contact with the spouse's parents; and (c) this increased risk reflected the psychological consequences of the spouse having grown up with an AUD-affected parent (i.e., a Rearing-Environment effect) rather than a social-genetic effect. Findings illustrate that a spouse's Rearing-Environment exposures may confer risk for AUD.
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The Rearing Environment and Risk for Major Depression: A Swedish National High-Risk Home-Reared and Adopted-Away Co-Sibling Control Study.
The American journal of psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Kristina SundquistAbstract:Objective:The authors sought to clarify the role of Rearing Environment in the etiology of major depression.Methods:Defining high risk as having at least one biological parent with major depression...
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The Rearing Environment and the risk for alcohol use disorder: a Swedish national high-risk home-reared v. adopted co-sibling control study.
Psychological medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Kristina SundquistAbstract:Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly within families, studies examining the impact of Rearing Environment, unconfounded by genetic effects, are rare and, to date, contradictory. We here seek to conduct such a study using an adoptive co-sib control design. Methods: Defining high-risk as having 3/41 biological parent with an externalizing syndrome (AUD, drug abuse or crime), we identified 1316 high-risk full-sibships and 4623 high-risk half-sibships containing at least one member who was home-reared and one who was adopted-away. Adoptive families are carefully screened in Sweden to provide high-quality Rearing Environment for adoptees. AUD was assessed from national medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. Results: Controlling for sex, parental age at birth, and, for half-siblings, affection status of the non-shared parent, hazard ratios (±95% CI) for AUD in the matched adopted v. home-reared full- and half-siblings were, respectively, 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.77 (0.70-0.84). The protective effect of adoption on AUD risk was stronger in the full- and half-sibling pairs with very high familial liability (two high-risk parents) and significantly weaker when the adoptive family was broken by death or divorce or contained a high-risk adoptive parent. Conclusions: In both full- and half-sibling pairs, we found evidence that the Rearing Environment substantially impacts on the risk for AUD. High-quality Rearing Environments can meaningfully reduce the risk for AUD, especially in those at high familial risk. (Less)
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Genetics, the Rearing Environment, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce: A Swedish National Adoption Study.
Psychological science, 2018Co-Authors: Jessica E. Salvatore, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Kenneth S. KendlerAbstract:We used classical and extended adoption designs in Swedish registries to disentangle genetic and Rearing-Environment influences on the intergenerational transmission of divorce. In classical adoption analyses, adoptees (n = 19,715) resembled their biological parents, rather than their adoptive parents, in their history of divorce. In extended adoption analyses, offspring (n = 82,698) resembled their not-lived-with fathers and their lived-with mothers. There was stronger resemblance to lived-with mothers, providing indirect evidence of Rearing-Environment influences on the intergenerational transmission of divorce. The heritability of divorce assessed across generations was 0.13. We attempted to replicate our findings using within-generation data from adoptive and biological siblings (ns = 8,523–53,097). Adoptees resembled their biological, not adoptive, siblings in their history of divorce. Thus, there was consistent evidence that genetic factors contributed to the intergenerational transmission of divorce but weaker evidence for a Rearing-Environment effect of divorce. Within-generation data from siblings supported these conclusions.
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The Rearing Environment and risk for drug abuse: a Swedish national high-risk adopted and not adopted co-sibling control study.
Psychological medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan SundquistAbstract:Although drug abuse (DA) is strongly familial, with important genetic influences, we need to know more about the role of Rearing Environment in the risk for DA. To address this question, we utilized a high-risk adopted and non-adopted co-sibling control design.
Kristina Sundquist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disentangling Social-Genetic From Rearing-Environment Effects for Alcohol Use Disorder Using Swedish National Data
Psychological science, 2020Co-Authors: Jessica E. Salvatore, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Kenneth S. KendlerAbstract:Investigations of social-genetic effects, whereby a social partner's genotype affects another's outcomes, can be confounded by the influence of the social partner's Rearing Environment. We used marital information on more than 300,000 couples from Swedish national data to disentangle social-genetic from Rearing-Environment effects for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using observational and extended-family designs, we found that (a) marriage to a spouse with a predisposition toward AUD (as indexed by a parental history of AUD) increased risk for developing AUD; (b) this increased risk was not explained by socioeconomic status, the spouse's AUD status, or contact with the spouse's parents; and (c) this increased risk reflected the psychological consequences of the spouse having grown up with an AUD-affected parent (i.e., a Rearing-Environment effect) rather than a social-genetic effect. Findings illustrate that a spouse's Rearing-Environment exposures may confer risk for AUD.
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The Rearing Environment and Risk for Major Depression: A Swedish National High-Risk Home-Reared and Adopted-Away Co-Sibling Control Study.
The American journal of psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Kristina SundquistAbstract:Objective:The authors sought to clarify the role of Rearing Environment in the etiology of major depression.Methods:Defining high risk as having at least one biological parent with major depression...
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The Rearing Environment and the risk for alcohol use disorder: a Swedish national high-risk home-reared v. adopted co-sibling control study.
Psychological medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Kristina SundquistAbstract:Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly within families, studies examining the impact of Rearing Environment, unconfounded by genetic effects, are rare and, to date, contradictory. We here seek to conduct such a study using an adoptive co-sib control design. Methods: Defining high-risk as having 3/41 biological parent with an externalizing syndrome (AUD, drug abuse or crime), we identified 1316 high-risk full-sibships and 4623 high-risk half-sibships containing at least one member who was home-reared and one who was adopted-away. Adoptive families are carefully screened in Sweden to provide high-quality Rearing Environment for adoptees. AUD was assessed from national medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. Results: Controlling for sex, parental age at birth, and, for half-siblings, affection status of the non-shared parent, hazard ratios (±95% CI) for AUD in the matched adopted v. home-reared full- and half-siblings were, respectively, 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.77 (0.70-0.84). The protective effect of adoption on AUD risk was stronger in the full- and half-sibling pairs with very high familial liability (two high-risk parents) and significantly weaker when the adoptive family was broken by death or divorce or contained a high-risk adoptive parent. Conclusions: In both full- and half-sibling pairs, we found evidence that the Rearing Environment substantially impacts on the risk for AUD. High-quality Rearing Environments can meaningfully reduce the risk for AUD, especially in those at high familial risk. (Less)
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Genetics, the Rearing Environment, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce: A Swedish National Adoption Study.
Psychological science, 2018Co-Authors: Jessica E. Salvatore, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Kenneth S. KendlerAbstract:We used classical and extended adoption designs in Swedish registries to disentangle genetic and Rearing-Environment influences on the intergenerational transmission of divorce. In classical adoption analyses, adoptees (n = 19,715) resembled their biological parents, rather than their adoptive parents, in their history of divorce. In extended adoption analyses, offspring (n = 82,698) resembled their not-lived-with fathers and their lived-with mothers. There was stronger resemblance to lived-with mothers, providing indirect evidence of Rearing-Environment influences on the intergenerational transmission of divorce. The heritability of divorce assessed across generations was 0.13. We attempted to replicate our findings using within-generation data from adoptive and biological siblings (ns = 8,523–53,097). Adoptees resembled their biological, not adoptive, siblings in their history of divorce. Thus, there was consistent evidence that genetic factors contributed to the intergenerational transmission of divorce but weaker evidence for a Rearing-Environment effect of divorce. Within-generation data from siblings supported these conclusions.
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The Rearing Environment and risk for drug abuse: a Swedish national high-risk adopted and not adopted co-sibling control study.
Psychological medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan SundquistAbstract:Although drug abuse (DA) is strongly familial, with important genetic influences, we need to know more about the role of Rearing Environment in the risk for DA. To address this question, we utilized a high-risk adopted and non-adopted co-sibling control design.
Jan Sundquist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disentangling Social-Genetic From Rearing-Environment Effects for Alcohol Use Disorder Using Swedish National Data
Psychological science, 2020Co-Authors: Jessica E. Salvatore, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Kenneth S. KendlerAbstract:Investigations of social-genetic effects, whereby a social partner's genotype affects another's outcomes, can be confounded by the influence of the social partner's Rearing Environment. We used marital information on more than 300,000 couples from Swedish national data to disentangle social-genetic from Rearing-Environment effects for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using observational and extended-family designs, we found that (a) marriage to a spouse with a predisposition toward AUD (as indexed by a parental history of AUD) increased risk for developing AUD; (b) this increased risk was not explained by socioeconomic status, the spouse's AUD status, or contact with the spouse's parents; and (c) this increased risk reflected the psychological consequences of the spouse having grown up with an AUD-affected parent (i.e., a Rearing-Environment effect) rather than a social-genetic effect. Findings illustrate that a spouse's Rearing-Environment exposures may confer risk for AUD.
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The Rearing Environment and Risk for Major Depression: A Swedish National High-Risk Home-Reared and Adopted-Away Co-Sibling Control Study.
The American journal of psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Kristina SundquistAbstract:Objective:The authors sought to clarify the role of Rearing Environment in the etiology of major depression.Methods:Defining high risk as having at least one biological parent with major depression...
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The Rearing Environment and the risk for alcohol use disorder: a Swedish national high-risk home-reared v. adopted co-sibling control study.
Psychological medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Kristina SundquistAbstract:Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly within families, studies examining the impact of Rearing Environment, unconfounded by genetic effects, are rare and, to date, contradictory. We here seek to conduct such a study using an adoptive co-sib control design. Methods: Defining high-risk as having 3/41 biological parent with an externalizing syndrome (AUD, drug abuse or crime), we identified 1316 high-risk full-sibships and 4623 high-risk half-sibships containing at least one member who was home-reared and one who was adopted-away. Adoptive families are carefully screened in Sweden to provide high-quality Rearing Environment for adoptees. AUD was assessed from national medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. Results: Controlling for sex, parental age at birth, and, for half-siblings, affection status of the non-shared parent, hazard ratios (±95% CI) for AUD in the matched adopted v. home-reared full- and half-siblings were, respectively, 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.77 (0.70-0.84). The protective effect of adoption on AUD risk was stronger in the full- and half-sibling pairs with very high familial liability (two high-risk parents) and significantly weaker when the adoptive family was broken by death or divorce or contained a high-risk adoptive parent. Conclusions: In both full- and half-sibling pairs, we found evidence that the Rearing Environment substantially impacts on the risk for AUD. High-quality Rearing Environments can meaningfully reduce the risk for AUD, especially in those at high familial risk. (Less)
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Genetics, the Rearing Environment, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce: A Swedish National Adoption Study.
Psychological science, 2018Co-Authors: Jessica E. Salvatore, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Kenneth S. KendlerAbstract:We used classical and extended adoption designs in Swedish registries to disentangle genetic and Rearing-Environment influences on the intergenerational transmission of divorce. In classical adoption analyses, adoptees (n = 19,715) resembled their biological parents, rather than their adoptive parents, in their history of divorce. In extended adoption analyses, offspring (n = 82,698) resembled their not-lived-with fathers and their lived-with mothers. There was stronger resemblance to lived-with mothers, providing indirect evidence of Rearing-Environment influences on the intergenerational transmission of divorce. The heritability of divorce assessed across generations was 0.13. We attempted to replicate our findings using within-generation data from adoptive and biological siblings (ns = 8,523–53,097). Adoptees resembled their biological, not adoptive, siblings in their history of divorce. Thus, there was consistent evidence that genetic factors contributed to the intergenerational transmission of divorce but weaker evidence for a Rearing-Environment effect of divorce. Within-generation data from siblings supported these conclusions.
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The Rearing Environment and risk for drug abuse: a Swedish national high-risk adopted and not adopted co-sibling control study.
Psychological medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan SundquistAbstract:Although drug abuse (DA) is strongly familial, with important genetic influences, we need to know more about the role of Rearing Environment in the risk for DA. To address this question, we utilized a high-risk adopted and non-adopted co-sibling control design.
Jörgen I. Johnsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Emergence Time and Early Social Rearing Environment on Behaviour of Atlantic Salmon: Consequences for Juvenile Fitness and Smolt Migration
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Martin Hage Larsen, Jörgen I. Johnsson, Svante Winberg, Alexander D. M. Wilson, David Hammenstig, Per-ove Thörnqvist, Jonathan D. Midwood, Kim Aarestrup, Erik HöglundAbstract:Consistent individual differences in behaviour have been well documented in a variety of animal taxa, but surprisingly little is known about the fitness and life-history consequences of such individual variation. In wild salmonids, the timing of fry emergence from gravel spawning nests has been suggested to be coupled with individual behavioural traits. Here, we further investigate the link between timing of spawning nest emergence and behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), test effects of social Rearing Environment on behavioural traits in fish with different emergence times, and assess whether behavioural traits measured in the laboratory predict growth, survival, and migration status in the wild. Atlantic salmon fry were sorted with respect to emergence time from artificial spawning nest into three groups: early, intermediate, and late. These emergence groups were hatchery-reared separately or in co-culture for four months to test effects of social Rearing Environment on behavioural traits. Twenty fish from each of the six treatment groups were then subjected to three individual-based behavioural tests: basal locomotor activity, boldness, and escape response. Following behavioural characterization, the fish were released into a near-natural experimental stream. Results showed differences in escape behaviour between emergence groups in a net restraining test, but the social Rearing Environment did not affect individual behavioural expression. Emergence time and social Environment had no significant effects on survival, growth, and migration status in the stream, although migration propensity was 1.4 to 1.9 times higher for early emerging individuals that were reared separately. In addition, despite individuals showing considerable variation in behaviour across treatment groups, this was not translated into differences in growth, survival, and migration status. Hence, our study adds to the view that fitness (i.e., growth and survival) and life-history predictions from laboratory measures of behaviour should be made with caution and ideally tested in nature.
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Heart rate responses to predation risk in Salmo trutta are affected by the Rearing Environment
Journal of Fish Biology, 2005Co-Authors: L. F. Sundström, Jörgen I. Johnsson, Erik Petersson, Johan Dannewitz, Johan Höjesjö, Torbjörn JärviAbstract:Heart rate responses to predation risk in Salmo trutta are affected by the Rearing Environment
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Investment in territorial defence depends on Rearing Environment in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2003Co-Authors: L. Fredrik Sundström, Mare Lõhmus, Jörgen I. JohnssonAbstract:In many animals, territoriality will arise or cease depending on Environmental factors such as intruder rate and resource availability. We investigated the effect of Rearing Environment on territorial behaviour in ~1.5-month-old brown trout. In the laboratory, wild-caught (reared at a low density) and hatchery-reared (high density) trout were allowed to defend a territory against a size-matched intruder reared in the same or the other Environment. Because territorial behaviour should be relaxed at high-Rearing densities, we hypothesized that hatchery-reared trout should value their territories less and therefore invest less in defence compared with wild-caught trout. However, in all cases, territory owners were more likely to win the contest and hatchery-reared trout were just as likely as wild-reared to win mixed contests. Furthermore, pairs of hatchery-reared trout initiated contests sooner, fought longer and were more aggressive during the contest compared with pairs of wild trout. When hatchery-reared owners met wild intruders, the contest ended sooner compared with when the roles were reversed. We conclude that territorial behaviour in brown trout is largely innate, but that the hatchery Environment has promoted more aggressive individuals. These results suggest that hatchery-reared trout invest more time and energy to obtain the same contest success as wild trout. In conclusion, the lack of experience of territorial defence in a high-density Rearing Environment seems to reduce the efficiency of territorial behaviour. In turn, this may have negative consequences for the performance of released hatchery fish in the wild.
Henrik Ohlsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Rearing Environment and Risk for Major Depression: A Swedish National High-Risk Home-Reared and Adopted-Away Co-Sibling Control Study.
The American journal of psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Kristina SundquistAbstract:Objective:The authors sought to clarify the role of Rearing Environment in the etiology of major depression.Methods:Defining high risk as having at least one biological parent with major depression...
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The Rearing Environment and the risk for alcohol use disorder: a Swedish national high-risk home-reared v. adopted co-sibling control study.
Psychological medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Kristina SundquistAbstract:Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly within families, studies examining the impact of Rearing Environment, unconfounded by genetic effects, are rare and, to date, contradictory. We here seek to conduct such a study using an adoptive co-sib control design. Methods: Defining high-risk as having 3/41 biological parent with an externalizing syndrome (AUD, drug abuse or crime), we identified 1316 high-risk full-sibships and 4623 high-risk half-sibships containing at least one member who was home-reared and one who was adopted-away. Adoptive families are carefully screened in Sweden to provide high-quality Rearing Environment for adoptees. AUD was assessed from national medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. Results: Controlling for sex, parental age at birth, and, for half-siblings, affection status of the non-shared parent, hazard ratios (±95% CI) for AUD in the matched adopted v. home-reared full- and half-siblings were, respectively, 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.77 (0.70-0.84). The protective effect of adoption on AUD risk was stronger in the full- and half-sibling pairs with very high familial liability (two high-risk parents) and significantly weaker when the adoptive family was broken by death or divorce or contained a high-risk adoptive parent. Conclusions: In both full- and half-sibling pairs, we found evidence that the Rearing Environment substantially impacts on the risk for AUD. High-quality Rearing Environments can meaningfully reduce the risk for AUD, especially in those at high familial risk. (Less)
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The Rearing Environment and risk for drug abuse: a Swedish national high-risk adopted and not adopted co-sibling control study.
Psychological medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan SundquistAbstract:Although drug abuse (DA) is strongly familial, with important genetic influences, we need to know more about the role of Rearing Environment in the risk for DA. To address this question, we utilized a high-risk adopted and non-adopted co-sibling control design.
