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Roderic Broadhurst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The probabilities of sex offender Rearrest
2003Co-Authors: Roderic Broadhurst, Nini LohAbstract:Estimates of the probabilities of Rearrest for sex offenders apprehended (n=2,785) in Western Australia between 1984 and 1994 are reported. Subjects on average were followed up for 5.7 years and assessed by criminal record, Aboriginality, bail status, age, occupation and penal intervention. Three criteria, Rearrest for any, repeat sex or a violent offence are used to summarise the ‘careers’ of sex offenders. Overall ultimate probabilities of Rearrest for any offence were 0.61, for a repeat sex offence 0.33 and for a violent offence 0.51. Probabilities of Rearrest for non-Aboriginal offenders were lower for all definitions. Younger offenders, Aborigines and those with prior arrest for non-sex offences had higher probabilities for any or violent Rearrest but older offenders tended to have higher probabilities of repeat sex offending. Community supervision and imprisonment significantly reduced the ‘rate’ or speed of Rearrest. The utility of actuarial risk assessment for low probability high consequence events such as dangerous recidivism and the evaluation of penal interventions for criminal justice policy are discussed.
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The probabilities of sex offender re‐arrest
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 2003Co-Authors: Roderic Broadhurst, Nini LohAbstract:Estimates of the probabilities of Rearrest for sex offenders apprehended (n=2,785) in Western Australia between 1984 and 1994 are reported. Subjects on average were followed up for 5.7 years and assessed by criminal record, Aboriginality, bail status, age, occupation and penal intervention. Three criteria, Rearrest for any, repeat sex or a violent offense are used to summarize the ‘careers’ of sex offenders. Overall ultimate probabilities of Rearrest for any offense were 0.61, for a repeat sex offense 0.33 and for a violent offense 0.51. Probabilities of Rearrest for non-Aboriginal offenders were lower for all definitions. Younger offenders, Aborigines and those with prior arrest for non-sex offenses had higher probabilities for any or violent Rearrest but older offenders tended to have higher probabilities of repeat sex offending. Community supervision and imprisonment significantly reduced the ‘rate’ or speed of Rearrest. The utility of actuarial risk assessment for low probability high consequence events such as dangerous recidivism and the evaluation of penal interventions for criminal justice policy are discussed.
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Rearrest probabilities for the 1984 1993 apprehended western australian population a survival analysis
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1995Co-Authors: Roderic Broadhurst, Nini LohAbstract:A large population of all persons arrested by police in Western Australia for the first time between April 1, 1984, and June 30, 1993 (n=146,038), were followed up to determine if they have ever been Rearrested. Probabilities of Rearrest were estimated at 0.52 for male non-Aborigines, 0.36 for female non-Aborigines, 0.88 for male Aborigines, and 0.85 for female Aborigines. Significant variations in the probability of Rearrest and/or time to Rearrest for different age groups, number of times arrested, occupational status, offense group, place of birth, and bail status were observed. Covariate analysis (Maller, 1993) of non-Aboriginals (n=51,302) found with the offense of “driving under the influence” (DUI) was also undertaken to test the significance of differences in probabilities of Rearrest for subgroups. Probabilities of Rearrest were 0.47 forany offense and 0.31 for arepeat DUI for males and 0.34 forany offense and 0.20 for arepeat DUI for females. The results are discussed in the light of estimates of reimprisonment and the utility of offender risk assessment.
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Rearrest probabilities for the 1984–1993 apprehended Western Australian population: A survival analysis
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1995Co-Authors: Roderic Broadhurst, Nini LohAbstract:A large population of all persons arrested by police in Western Australia for the first time between April 1, 1984, and June 30, 1993 (n=146,038), were followed up to determine if they have ever been Rearrested. Probabilities of Rearrest were estimated at 0.52 for male non-Aborigines, 0.36 for female non-Aborigines, 0.88 for male Aborigines, and 0.85 for female Aborigines. Significant variations in the probability of Rearrest and/or time to Rearrest for different age groups, number of times arrested, occupational status, offense group, place of birth, and bail status were observed. Covariate analysis (Maller, 1993) of non-Aboriginals (n=51,302) found with the offense of “driving under the influence” (DUI) was also undertaken to test the significance of differences in probabilities of Rearrest for subgroups. Probabilities of Rearrest were 0.47 forany offense and 0.31 for arepeat DUI for males and 0.34 forany offense and 0.20 for arepeat DUI for females. The results are discussed in the light of estimates of reimprisonment and the utility of offender risk assessment.
Nini Loh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The probabilities of sex offender Rearrest
2003Co-Authors: Roderic Broadhurst, Nini LohAbstract:Estimates of the probabilities of Rearrest for sex offenders apprehended (n=2,785) in Western Australia between 1984 and 1994 are reported. Subjects on average were followed up for 5.7 years and assessed by criminal record, Aboriginality, bail status, age, occupation and penal intervention. Three criteria, Rearrest for any, repeat sex or a violent offence are used to summarise the ‘careers’ of sex offenders. Overall ultimate probabilities of Rearrest for any offence were 0.61, for a repeat sex offence 0.33 and for a violent offence 0.51. Probabilities of Rearrest for non-Aboriginal offenders were lower for all definitions. Younger offenders, Aborigines and those with prior arrest for non-sex offences had higher probabilities for any or violent Rearrest but older offenders tended to have higher probabilities of repeat sex offending. Community supervision and imprisonment significantly reduced the ‘rate’ or speed of Rearrest. The utility of actuarial risk assessment for low probability high consequence events such as dangerous recidivism and the evaluation of penal interventions for criminal justice policy are discussed.
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The probabilities of sex offender re‐arrest
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 2003Co-Authors: Roderic Broadhurst, Nini LohAbstract:Estimates of the probabilities of Rearrest for sex offenders apprehended (n=2,785) in Western Australia between 1984 and 1994 are reported. Subjects on average were followed up for 5.7 years and assessed by criminal record, Aboriginality, bail status, age, occupation and penal intervention. Three criteria, Rearrest for any, repeat sex or a violent offense are used to summarize the ‘careers’ of sex offenders. Overall ultimate probabilities of Rearrest for any offense were 0.61, for a repeat sex offense 0.33 and for a violent offense 0.51. Probabilities of Rearrest for non-Aboriginal offenders were lower for all definitions. Younger offenders, Aborigines and those with prior arrest for non-sex offenses had higher probabilities for any or violent Rearrest but older offenders tended to have higher probabilities of repeat sex offending. Community supervision and imprisonment significantly reduced the ‘rate’ or speed of Rearrest. The utility of actuarial risk assessment for low probability high consequence events such as dangerous recidivism and the evaluation of penal interventions for criminal justice policy are discussed.
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Rearrest probabilities for the 1984 1993 apprehended western australian population a survival analysis
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1995Co-Authors: Roderic Broadhurst, Nini LohAbstract:A large population of all persons arrested by police in Western Australia for the first time between April 1, 1984, and June 30, 1993 (n=146,038), were followed up to determine if they have ever been Rearrested. Probabilities of Rearrest were estimated at 0.52 for male non-Aborigines, 0.36 for female non-Aborigines, 0.88 for male Aborigines, and 0.85 for female Aborigines. Significant variations in the probability of Rearrest and/or time to Rearrest for different age groups, number of times arrested, occupational status, offense group, place of birth, and bail status were observed. Covariate analysis (Maller, 1993) of non-Aboriginals (n=51,302) found with the offense of “driving under the influence” (DUI) was also undertaken to test the significance of differences in probabilities of Rearrest for subgroups. Probabilities of Rearrest were 0.47 forany offense and 0.31 for arepeat DUI for males and 0.34 forany offense and 0.20 for arepeat DUI for females. The results are discussed in the light of estimates of reimprisonment and the utility of offender risk assessment.
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Rearrest probabilities for the 1984–1993 apprehended Western Australian population: A survival analysis
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1995Co-Authors: Roderic Broadhurst, Nini LohAbstract:A large population of all persons arrested by police in Western Australia for the first time between April 1, 1984, and June 30, 1993 (n=146,038), were followed up to determine if they have ever been Rearrested. Probabilities of Rearrest were estimated at 0.52 for male non-Aborigines, 0.36 for female non-Aborigines, 0.88 for male Aborigines, and 0.85 for female Aborigines. Significant variations in the probability of Rearrest and/or time to Rearrest for different age groups, number of times arrested, occupational status, offense group, place of birth, and bail status were observed. Covariate analysis (Maller, 1993) of non-Aboriginals (n=51,302) found with the offense of “driving under the influence” (DUI) was also undertaken to test the significance of differences in probabilities of Rearrest for subgroups. Probabilities of Rearrest were 0.47 forany offense and 0.31 for arepeat DUI for males and 0.34 forany offense and 0.20 for arepeat DUI for females. The results are discussed in the light of estimates of reimprisonment and the utility of offender risk assessment.
Tom P. Aufderheide - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of intra-resuscitation antiarrhythmic administration on Rearrest occurrence and intra-resuscitation ECG characteristics in the ROC ALPS trial.
Resuscitation, 2018Co-Authors: David D. Salcido, Robert H. Schmicker, Noah Kime, Jason E. Buick, Sheldon Cheskes, Brian Grunau, Stephanie Zellner, Dana Zive, Tom P. Aufderheide, Allison C KollerAbstract:Abstract Background Intra-resuscitation antiarrhythmic drugs may improve resuscitation outcomes, in part by avoiding Rearrest, a condition associated with poor out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. However, antiarrhythmics may also alter defibrillation threshold. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Rearrest and intra-resuscitation antiarrhythmic drugs in the context of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) amiodarone, lidocaine, and placebo (ALPS) trial. Hypothesis Rearrest rates would be lower in cases treated with amiodarone or lidocaine, versus saline placebo, prior to first return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We also hypothesized antiarrhythmic effects would be quantifiable through analysis of the prehospital electrocardiogram. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the ROC ALPS trial. Cases that first achieved prehospital ROSC after randomized administration of study drug were included in the analysis. Rearrest, defined as loss of pulses following ROSC, was ascertained from emergency medical services records. Rearrest rate was calculated overall, as well as by ALPS treatment group. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between treatment group and Rearrest, as well as Rearrest and both survival to hospital discharge and survival with neurologic function. Amplitude spectrum area, median slope, and centroid frequency of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) ECG were calculated and compared across treatment groups. Results A total of 1144 (40.4%) cases with study drug prior to first ROSC were included. Rearrest rate was 44.0% overall; 42.9% for placebo, 45.7% for lidocaine, and 43.0% for amiodarone. In multivariable logistic regression models, ALPS treatment group was not associated with Rearrest, though Rearrest was associated with poor survival and neurologic outcomes. AMSA and median slope measures of the first available VF were associated with Rearrest case status, while median slope and centroid frequency were associated with ALPS treatment group. Conclusion Rearrest rates did not differ between antiarrhythmic and placebo treatment groups. ECG waveform characteristics were correlated with treatment group and Rearrest. Rearrest was inversely associated with survival and neurologic outcomes.
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compression to ventilation ratio and incidence of Rearrest a secondary analysis of the roc ccc trial
Resuscitation, 2017Co-Authors: David D. Salcido, Robert H. Schmicker, Jason E. Buick, Sheldon Cheskes, Brian Grunau, Stephanie Zellner, Dana Zive, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Brian G. Leroux, Tom P. AufderheideAbstract:Abstract Background Previous work has demonstrated that when out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but subsequently have another cardiac arrest prior to hospital arrival (Rearrest), the probability of survival to hospital discharge is significantly decreased. Additionally, few modifiable factors for Rearrest are known. We sought to examine the association between Rearrest and compression-to-ventilation ratio during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to confirm the association between Rearrest and outcomes. Hypothesis Rearrest incidence would be similar between cases treated with 30:2 or continuous chest compression (CCC) CPR, but inversely related to survival and good neurological outcome. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a large randomized-controlled trial of CCC versus 30:2 CPR for the treatment of OHCA between 2011 and 2015 among 8 sites of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC). Patients were randomized through an emergency medical services (EMS) agency-level cluster randomization design to receive either 30:2 or CCC CPR. Case data were derived from prehospital patient care reports, digital defibrillator files, and hospital records. The primary analysis was an as-treated comparison of the proportion of patients with a Rearrest for patients who received 30:2 versus those who received CCC. In addition, we assessed the association between Rearrest and both survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcome (Modified Rankin Score ≤ 3) in patients with and without ROSC upon ED arrival using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, initial rhythm and measures of CPR quality. Results There were 14,109 analyzable cases that were determined to have definitively received either CCC or 30:2 CPR. Of these, 4713 had prehospital ROSC and 2040 (43.2%) had at least one Rearrest. Incidence of Rearrest was not significantly different between patients receiving CCC and 30:2 (44.1% vs 41.8%; adjusted OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.16). Rearrest was significantly associated with lower survival (23.3% vs 36.9%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.36-0.51) and worse neurological outcome (19.4% vs 30.2%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.38, 0.55). Conclusion Rearrest occurrence was not significantly different between patients receiving CCC and 30:2, and was inversely associated with survival to hospital discharge and MRS.
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Compression-to-ventilation ratio and incidence of Rearrest—A secondary analysis of the ROC CCC trial☆
Resuscitation, 2017Co-Authors: David D. Salcido, Robert H. Schmicker, Jason E. Buick, Sheldon Cheskes, Brian Grunau, Stephanie Zellner, Dana Zive, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Brian G. Leroux, Tom P. AufderheideAbstract:Abstract Background Previous work has demonstrated that when out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but subsequently have another cardiac arrest prior to hospital arrival (Rearrest), the probability of survival to hospital discharge is significantly decreased. Additionally, few modifiable factors for Rearrest are known. We sought to examine the association between Rearrest and compression-to-ventilation ratio during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to confirm the association between Rearrest and outcomes. Hypothesis Rearrest incidence would be similar between cases treated with 30:2 or continuous chest compression (CCC) CPR, but inversely related to survival and good neurological outcome. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a large randomized-controlled trial of CCC versus 30:2 CPR for the treatment of OHCA between 2011 and 2015 among 8 sites of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC). Patients were randomized through an emergency medical services (EMS) agency-level cluster randomization design to receive either 30:2 or CCC CPR. Case data were derived from prehospital patient care reports, digital defibrillator files, and hospital records. The primary analysis was an as-treated comparison of the proportion of patients with a Rearrest for patients who received 30:2 versus those who received CCC. In addition, we assessed the association between Rearrest and both survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcome (Modified Rankin Score ≤ 3) in patients with and without ROSC upon ED arrival using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, initial rhythm and measures of CPR quality. Results There were 14,109 analyzable cases that were determined to have definitively received either CCC or 30:2 CPR. Of these, 4713 had prehospital ROSC and 2040 (43.2%) had at least one Rearrest. Incidence of Rearrest was not significantly different between patients receiving CCC and 30:2 (44.1% vs 41.8%; adjusted OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.16). Rearrest was significantly associated with lower survival (23.3% vs 36.9%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.36-0.51) and worse neurological outcome (19.4% vs 30.2%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.38, 0.55). Conclusion Rearrest occurrence was not significantly different between patients receiving CCC and 30:2, and was inversely associated with survival to hospital discharge and MRS.
D G Rojek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE EFFECT OF VICTIM IMPACT PANELS ON DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE/DRIVING WHILE IMPAIRED (DUI/DWI) Rearrest RATES: A TWELVE-MONTH FOLLOW-UP
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 1999Co-Authors: S W Fors, D G RojekAbstract:Various interventions have been implemented as components of sentencing for driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol. This study assessed the effectiveness of the Victim Impact Panel (VIP) in reducing the probability of an offender being Rearrested for drinking and driving. The study was conducted in an urban/suburban county in the Southeastern United States. Rearrest rates of DUI offenders who attended a VIP presentation as part of their sentencing (n = 404) were compared with an equivalent comparison group (n = 431) who did not have the VIP presentation. Arrest records of offenders were searched and Rearrest rates (%) were calculated for the periods 0-6 months, 7-12 months, and 0-12 months after the arrest. Chi-square cross-tabulations indicate that Rearrest rates were lower for the VIP group than the comparison group in all categories. Three categories where the differences were significant and of the greatest magnitude were white men, ages 26-35 years, and one prior DUI arrest. Additionally, logistic regression was used to compare the importance of specific independent variables on Rearrest. Whether or not a subject was in the VIP group was the most powerful contributor to the results. After considering alternative explanations for the results, the authors conclude that the VIPs can be a cost-effective way of reducing the probability of Rearrest in DUI offenders. When costs of DUI in human misery and dollars are considered, the potential benefits of large-scale implementation of VIP programs appear to be well worth the effort.
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the effect of victim impact panels on driving under the influence driving while impaired dui dwi Rearrest rates a twelve month follow up
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 1999Co-Authors: S W Fors, D G RojekAbstract:Various interventions have been implemented as components of sentencing for driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol. This study assessed the effectiveness of the Victim Impact Panel (VIP) in reducing the probability of an offender being Rearrested for drinking and driving. The study was conducted in an urban/suburban county in the Southeastern United States. Rearrest rates of DUI offenders who attended a VIP presentation as part of their sentencing (n = 404) were compared with an equivalent comparison group (n = 431) who did not have the VIP presentation. Arrest records of offenders were searched and Rearrest rates (%) were calculated for the periods 0-6 months, 7-12 months, and 0-12 months after the arrest. Chi-square cross-tabulations indicate that Rearrest rates were lower for the VIP group than the comparison group in all categories. Three categories where the differences were significant and of the greatest magnitude were white men, ages 26-35 years, and one prior DUI arrest. Additionally, logistic regression was used to compare the importance of specific independent variables on Rearrest. Whether or not a subject was in the VIP group was the most powerful contributor to the results. After considering alternative explanations for the results, the authors conclude that the VIPs can be a cost-effective way of reducing the probability of Rearrest in DUI offenders. When costs of DUI in human misery and dollars are considered, the potential benefits of large-scale implementation of VIP programs appear to be well worth the effort.
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the effect of victim impact panels on dui dwi Rearrest rates a twelve month follow up
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 1999Co-Authors: S W Fors, D G RojekAbstract:Objective: Various interventions have been implemented as components of sentencing for driving under the influence of alcohol. This study assessed the effectiveness of the Victim Impact Panel (VIP) in reducing the probability of an offender being Rearrested for drinking and driving. Method: The study was conducted in an urban/suburban county in the Southeastern United States. Rearrest rates of DUI offenders who attended a VIP presentation as part of their sentencing (n = 404) were compared with an equivalent comparison group (n = 431) who did not have the VIP presentation. Arrest records of offenders were searched and Rearrest rates (%) were calculated for the periods 0-6 months, 7-12 months, and 0-12 months after the arrest. Results: Chi-square cross-tabulations indicate that Rearrest rates were lower for the VIP group than the comparison group in all categories. Three categories where the differences were significant and of the greatest magnitude were white men, ages 26-35 years, and one prior DUI arres...
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The effect of victim impact panels on DUI/DWI Rearrest rates: a twelve-month follow-up.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1999Co-Authors: S W Fors, D G RojekAbstract:Objective: Various interventions have been implemented as components of sentencing for driving under the influence of alcohol. This study assessed the effectiveness of the Victim Impact Panel (VIP) in reducing the probability of an offender being Rearrested for drinking and driving. Method: The study was conducted in an urban/suburban county in the Southeastern United States. Rearrest rates of DUI offenders who attended a VIP presentation as part of their sentencing (n = 404) were compared with an equivalent comparison group (n = 431) who did not have the VIP presentation. Arrest records of offenders were searched and Rearrest rates (%) were calculated for the periods 0-6 months, 7-12 months, and 0-12 months after the arrest. Results: Chi-square cross-tabulations indicate that Rearrest rates were lower for the VIP group than the comparison group in all categories. Three categories where the differences were significant and of the greatest magnitude were white men, ages 26-35 years, and one prior DUI arres...
David D. Salcido - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of intra-resuscitation antiarrhythmic administration on Rearrest occurrence and intra-resuscitation ECG characteristics in the ROC ALPS trial.
Resuscitation, 2018Co-Authors: David D. Salcido, Robert H. Schmicker, Noah Kime, Jason E. Buick, Sheldon Cheskes, Brian Grunau, Stephanie Zellner, Dana Zive, Tom P. Aufderheide, Allison C KollerAbstract:Abstract Background Intra-resuscitation antiarrhythmic drugs may improve resuscitation outcomes, in part by avoiding Rearrest, a condition associated with poor out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. However, antiarrhythmics may also alter defibrillation threshold. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Rearrest and intra-resuscitation antiarrhythmic drugs in the context of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) amiodarone, lidocaine, and placebo (ALPS) trial. Hypothesis Rearrest rates would be lower in cases treated with amiodarone or lidocaine, versus saline placebo, prior to first return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We also hypothesized antiarrhythmic effects would be quantifiable through analysis of the prehospital electrocardiogram. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the ROC ALPS trial. Cases that first achieved prehospital ROSC after randomized administration of study drug were included in the analysis. Rearrest, defined as loss of pulses following ROSC, was ascertained from emergency medical services records. Rearrest rate was calculated overall, as well as by ALPS treatment group. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between treatment group and Rearrest, as well as Rearrest and both survival to hospital discharge and survival with neurologic function. Amplitude spectrum area, median slope, and centroid frequency of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) ECG were calculated and compared across treatment groups. Results A total of 1144 (40.4%) cases with study drug prior to first ROSC were included. Rearrest rate was 44.0% overall; 42.9% for placebo, 45.7% for lidocaine, and 43.0% for amiodarone. In multivariable logistic regression models, ALPS treatment group was not associated with Rearrest, though Rearrest was associated with poor survival and neurologic outcomes. AMSA and median slope measures of the first available VF were associated with Rearrest case status, while median slope and centroid frequency were associated with ALPS treatment group. Conclusion Rearrest rates did not differ between antiarrhythmic and placebo treatment groups. ECG waveform characteristics were correlated with treatment group and Rearrest. Rearrest was inversely associated with survival and neurologic outcomes.
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compression to ventilation ratio and incidence of Rearrest a secondary analysis of the roc ccc trial
Resuscitation, 2017Co-Authors: David D. Salcido, Robert H. Schmicker, Jason E. Buick, Sheldon Cheskes, Brian Grunau, Stephanie Zellner, Dana Zive, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Brian G. Leroux, Tom P. AufderheideAbstract:Abstract Background Previous work has demonstrated that when out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but subsequently have another cardiac arrest prior to hospital arrival (Rearrest), the probability of survival to hospital discharge is significantly decreased. Additionally, few modifiable factors for Rearrest are known. We sought to examine the association between Rearrest and compression-to-ventilation ratio during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to confirm the association between Rearrest and outcomes. Hypothesis Rearrest incidence would be similar between cases treated with 30:2 or continuous chest compression (CCC) CPR, but inversely related to survival and good neurological outcome. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a large randomized-controlled trial of CCC versus 30:2 CPR for the treatment of OHCA between 2011 and 2015 among 8 sites of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC). Patients were randomized through an emergency medical services (EMS) agency-level cluster randomization design to receive either 30:2 or CCC CPR. Case data were derived from prehospital patient care reports, digital defibrillator files, and hospital records. The primary analysis was an as-treated comparison of the proportion of patients with a Rearrest for patients who received 30:2 versus those who received CCC. In addition, we assessed the association between Rearrest and both survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcome (Modified Rankin Score ≤ 3) in patients with and without ROSC upon ED arrival using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, initial rhythm and measures of CPR quality. Results There were 14,109 analyzable cases that were determined to have definitively received either CCC or 30:2 CPR. Of these, 4713 had prehospital ROSC and 2040 (43.2%) had at least one Rearrest. Incidence of Rearrest was not significantly different between patients receiving CCC and 30:2 (44.1% vs 41.8%; adjusted OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.16). Rearrest was significantly associated with lower survival (23.3% vs 36.9%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.36-0.51) and worse neurological outcome (19.4% vs 30.2%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.38, 0.55). Conclusion Rearrest occurrence was not significantly different between patients receiving CCC and 30:2, and was inversely associated with survival to hospital discharge and MRS.
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Compression-to-ventilation ratio and incidence of Rearrest—A secondary analysis of the ROC CCC trial☆
Resuscitation, 2017Co-Authors: David D. Salcido, Robert H. Schmicker, Jason E. Buick, Sheldon Cheskes, Brian Grunau, Stephanie Zellner, Dana Zive, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Brian G. Leroux, Tom P. AufderheideAbstract:Abstract Background Previous work has demonstrated that when out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but subsequently have another cardiac arrest prior to hospital arrival (Rearrest), the probability of survival to hospital discharge is significantly decreased. Additionally, few modifiable factors for Rearrest are known. We sought to examine the association between Rearrest and compression-to-ventilation ratio during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to confirm the association between Rearrest and outcomes. Hypothesis Rearrest incidence would be similar between cases treated with 30:2 or continuous chest compression (CCC) CPR, but inversely related to survival and good neurological outcome. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a large randomized-controlled trial of CCC versus 30:2 CPR for the treatment of OHCA between 2011 and 2015 among 8 sites of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC). Patients were randomized through an emergency medical services (EMS) agency-level cluster randomization design to receive either 30:2 or CCC CPR. Case data were derived from prehospital patient care reports, digital defibrillator files, and hospital records. The primary analysis was an as-treated comparison of the proportion of patients with a Rearrest for patients who received 30:2 versus those who received CCC. In addition, we assessed the association between Rearrest and both survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcome (Modified Rankin Score ≤ 3) in patients with and without ROSC upon ED arrival using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, initial rhythm and measures of CPR quality. Results There were 14,109 analyzable cases that were determined to have definitively received either CCC or 30:2 CPR. Of these, 4713 had prehospital ROSC and 2040 (43.2%) had at least one Rearrest. Incidence of Rearrest was not significantly different between patients receiving CCC and 30:2 (44.1% vs 41.8%; adjusted OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.16). Rearrest was significantly associated with lower survival (23.3% vs 36.9%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.36-0.51) and worse neurological outcome (19.4% vs 30.2%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.38, 0.55). Conclusion Rearrest occurrence was not significantly different between patients receiving CCC and 30:2, and was inversely associated with survival to hospital discharge and MRS.
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Incidence and outcomes of Rearrest following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Resuscitation, 2015Co-Authors: David D. Salcido, Allison C Koller, Matthew L. Sundermann, James J. MenegazziAbstract:Introduction Rearrest occurs when a patient experiences cardiac arrest after successful resuscitation. The incidence and outcomes of Rearrest following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been estimated in limited local studies. We sought provide a large-scale estimate of Rearrest incidence and its effect on survival.
