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Patrick Lussier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A developmental life-course perspective of juvenile and adult Sexual Offending
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick Lussier, Arjan BloklandAbstract:This essay examines theoretical, methodological, and empirical knowledge about the activation, course, and desistance from Sex Offending. The authors discuss theoretical issues and controversies regarding the origins and development and Sex Offending. Methodological issues in the measurement of Sex Offending and Sex Offending careers are reviewed, and an organizing conceptual criminal career framework is proposed to study Sex Offending. The current state of knowledge is presented regarding the criminal careers of juvenile Sex offenders and associated developmental correlates, as well as the criminal careers of adult Sex offenders and associated developmental correlates. A comparative analysis is provided of juvenile and adult Sex Offending careers and the respective correlates, noting developmental similarities and differences. Finally, a developmentally informed integrated model of Sex Offending is presented to stimulate research and policy discussion regarding the prevention of Sexual violence and abuse.
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The Role of Family Support in the Explanation of Patterns of Desistance Among Individuals Convicted of a Sexual Offense
Journal of interpersonal violence, 2017Co-Authors: Allyson Walker, Lila Kazemian, Patrick LussierAbstract:Despite the growing body of research on desistance from crime, there have been comparatively few studies that have focused specifically on desistance from Sex Offending. Much remains unknown about ...
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Unfinished stories: From juvenile Sex offenders to juvenile Sex Offending through a developmental life course perspective
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2017Co-Authors: Evan C. Mccuish, Patrick LussierAbstract:Abstract The developmental context in which adolescent Sexually abusive or aggressive behaviors arise is not fully considered by current policies. The perception of adolescents as Sexual predators on a life-course persistent pattern of Sexual Offending has largely contributed to the current, more punitive, sociolegal context. We suggest that myths, misconceptions, and unsubstantiated claims about adolescents involved in Sexually abusive behavior have persisted due to the abundance of research focusing on the “offender”, neglecting the “offense”, and the two being confused as one: the juvenile Sex offender. We describe the current state of knowledge on the characteristics of adolescents involved in Sexually abusive or aggressive behavior and present the developmental life course criminology perspective as a framework for organizing research on the course of juvenile Sexual Offending, including the process leading up to the behavior and what happens in adulthood. Important research questions and the associated research design and measurement tools necessary to address these questions are presented to better understand the dynamic aspect of juvenile Sex Offending, its onset, course, and termination.
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Juvenile Sex Offending Through a Developmental Life Course Criminology Perspective: An Agenda for Policy and Research
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, 2016Co-Authors: Patrick LussierAbstract:Current American policies and responses to juvenile Sex Offending have been criticized for being based on myths, misconceptions, and unsubstantiated claims. In spite of the criticism, no organizing framework has been proposed to guide policy development with respect to the prevention of juvenile Sex Offending. This article proposes a developmental life course (DLC) criminology perspective to investigate the origins, development, and termination of Sex Offending among youth. It also provides a review of the current state of knowledge regarding various parameters characterizing the development of Sex Offending (e.g., prevalence, age of onset, frequency, persistence, continuity in adulthood, and versatility). The review highlights some heterogeneity across these developmental parameters suggesting the presence of different Sex Offending patterns among youth. In fact, it is proposed that, based on the current knowledge, such heterogeneity can be accounted for by a dual taxonomy of adolescents involved in Sexual offenses: (a) the adolescent-limited and (b) the high-rate/slow-desister. The DLC criminology approach and the dual taxonomy are proposed as organizing frameworks to conduct prospective longitudinal research to better understand the origins and development of Sex Offending and to guide policy development and responses to at-risk youth and those who have committed Sexual offenses.
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A Criminal Career Study of the Continuity and Discontinuity of Sex Offending during the Adolescence-Adulthood Transition: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Incarcerated Youth
Justice Quarterly, 2015Co-Authors: Patrick Lussier, Raymond R. Corrado, Evan C. MccuishAbstract:Longitudinal research has seriously challenged assumptions that juvenile Sex offenders (JSO) are characterized by high level of dangerousness, mental health problems, and crime specialization in Sex offenses. The current study examines the longitudinal pattern of Offending among a sample of JSO and a sample of juvenile nonSex offenders. The research design includes longitudinal data over a nine-year period allowing the examination of Offending patterns and the crime mix from age 12 to age 23. The findings highlight that, while JSO are prone to persist Offending in adulthood, there is limited continuity of Sex Offending. Further, the findings stress the importance of taking into account nonSexual juvenile delinquency, more specifically, youth violence, to make a better assessment of early adult Offending outcomes of JSO.
Wesley G. Jennings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Do Developmental and Life-Course Theory Risk Factors Equally Predict Age of Onset Among Juvenile Sexual and NonSexual Offenders?:
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, 2018Co-Authors: Melanie Rosa, Bryanna Fox, Wesley G. JenningsAbstract:Previous empirical inquiries into the etiology of juvenile Sex Offending have been largely atheoretical. Consequently, a call for studies conducted utilizing developmental and life-course (DLC) cri...
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Victim–offender overlap among Sex offenders
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2017Co-Authors: Wesley G. Jennings, Caitlyn N. MeadeAbstract:The criminological and psychological literature has generally focused solely on either victims or offenders, as has research on Sex Offending. Recently, however, researchers have investigated the overlap among victims and offenders. Evidence has demonstrated that individuals who have experienced these two outcomes (e.g., victimization and Offending) are not always mutually exclusive. Recognizing the linkages between Sex Offending and Sexual victimization, the authors of this essay review the theoretical frameworks and empirical research exploring the Sexually abused/Sexual abuser hypothesis or the victim–offender overlap among Sexual offenders and Sexual victims. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Examining the Continuity of Juvenile Sex Offending Into Adulthood and Subsequent Patterns of Sex and General Recidivism
International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 2016Co-Authors: Maude Beaudry-cyr, Wesley G. Jennings, Kristen M. Zgoba, Richard TewksburyAbstract:Current Sex Offending legislation and public opinion present an image of Sexual offenders as specialized predators who are likely to exhibit continued Sexually deviant behavior over the life-course. Although Sex Offending continuity and post-release recidivism has been independently assessed in prior research, the potential link between Sex Offending continuity and post-release recidivism has yet to be investigated. Using data collected at two different time points from a sample of Sex offenders who served a prison sentence for an adult Sex offense, the present study examines the prevalence of Sex Offending continuity, and its potential linkages with subsequent Sex and general recidivism as well as identifying risk factors related to these outcomes. The multivariate results indicate a low rate of Sex Offending continuity in general but suggest the presence of identifiable risk factors that predict Sex Offending continuity. Specifically, non-Sexual juvenile Offending is the most notable of the numerous ris...
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An Empirical Assessment of the Overlap Between Sexual Victimization and Sex Offending
International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 2013Co-Authors: Wesley G. Jennings, Kristen M. Zgoba, Tina Maschi, Jennifer M. ReingleAbstract:There has been a recent proliferation in the number of studies that are investigating the phenomenon that has been coined the victim–offender overlap. There has been noticeably less attention toward examining the Sexual victimization and Sex Offending overlap. Acknowledging this gap in the literature, the present study provides an assessment of this overlap among a large sample of male prisoners with a focus on the cycle of violence hypothesis. Bivariate results reveal a considerable degree of overlap between Sexual victimization and Sex Offending, and multivariate results estimated from a series of bivariate probit models simultaneously assessing both outcomes suggest that experiencing emotional abuse early on in the life-course is a robust risk factor for experiencing Sexual victimization and demonstrating Sex Offending behavior. Furthermore, being physically neglected and witnessing family violence also emerged as significant risk factors for Sexual victimization. Study limitations and policy implicati...
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Sex offenders and Sex Offending in the Cambridge study in delinquent development: prevalence, frequency, specialization, recidivism, and (dis)continuity over the life-course
Journal of Crime and Justice, 2012Co-Authors: Alex R. Piquero, Wesley G. Jennings, David P. Farrington, Brie Diamond, Jessica M. CraigAbstract:The study of criminal careers has resulted in important descriptive information about the longitudinal patterns of Offending over the life-course. Much of this research has examined more common patterns of general Offending, typically among street offenders. An under-explored question is the extent to which distinct types of offenders display similar patterns on key criminal career dimensions. The current study examines this particular issue with a focus on Sex offenders using longitudinal data from a cohort of South London males participating in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. Results show that, contrary to popular opinion, Sex Offending is quite rare, with less than 3% of the Cambridge males being convicted for 13 Sex offenses through age 50. Further, there was no continuity in Sex Offending from the juvenile to adult periods and very few recidivist Sex offenders. Directions for future research are addressed.
Gwenda M. Willis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Incorporating Principles of Trauma-Informed Care Into Evidence-Based Sex Offending Treatment
New Frontiers in Offender Treatment, 2018Co-Authors: Jill S. Levenson, Gwenda M. Willis, David S. PrescottAbstract:People convicted of Sex crimes have high rates of child maltreatment and family dysfunction as youngsters. Early adversity can create distorted thinking and maladaptive coping patterns. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can interfere with attachment and bonding, healthy relationship skills, and empathy development. Using guidelines developed by SAMHSA, trauma-informed practitioners can integrate knowledge about the neurobiological, psychological, and social consequences of childhood trauma into policies, procedures, and practices that guide a safe, compassionate, respectful treatment environment. Sex Offending treatment programs can use trauma-informed care to transform their interventions from primarily content-driven psycho-education to a more collaborative, dynamic, process-oriented, and experiential approach that utilizes the therapeutic encounter as a corrective emotional experience to help clients build skills that reduce risk for recidivism.
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An integrative theory of desistance from Sex Offending
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Svenja Göbbels, Tony Ward, Gwenda M. WillisAbstract:Abstract Despite the fact that most offenders eventually desist from committing further crimes, there is an absence of comprehensive psychological and social accounts of the desistance process, beginning at the point when an individual decides to stop further Offending, and finishing at the point of successful reentry and social reintegration. Building on previous work, the Integrated Theory of Desistance from Sex Offending represents an attempt to advance our understanding of desistance. The theory describes the desistance process in four phases: (1) decisive momentum (initial desistance), (2) rehabilitation (promoting desistance), (3) re-entry (maintaining desistance), and (4) normalcy (successful maintenance of desistance over a long period of time). The theory has significant implications for further theorizing, empirical research, clinical practice, and policy making.
Ethel Quayle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sex Offending and social anxiety: a systematic review
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2015Co-Authors: Shauneen Porter, Emily Newman, Louise Tansey, Ethel QuayleAbstract:For innovative up-to-date research in an area to be developed, it is important to systematically, and critically evaluate the previous research. Sexual violence against children is one of the most serious crimes, with detrimental psychological and physical consequences on the victims. Contemporary theories of the development and maintenance of Sexual Offending against children incorporate intimacy deficits and social skill deficits. However, there is a dearth of research addressing the clinical needs of males who commit Sexual offenses against children. This systematic review critically evaluates previous research on the association between social anxiety and Sexual Offending against children. To identify studies relevant databases were searched and selected journals hand searched. Studies were evaluated for eligibility, data extracted and study quality assessed, with a second rater to establish inter-rater reliability. The results indicate eight of the eighteen studies reviewed reported an inconclusive statistical association with child Sex offenders and social anxiety. Of the remaining ten studies, one study had a strong statistical association, four studies had a moderate statistical association and five studies had weak statistical association. Overall, the findings indicate methodological inconsistencies and lack of definitional clarity of subgroups of Sex offenders, therefore comparison between studies is challenging. Further research in this area with definitional clarity of subgroups is required to inform evidence-based practice for this offender group.
Sarnoff A. Mednick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychotic Disorders and Sex Offending in a Danish Birth Cohort
Archives of general psychiatry, 2007Co-Authors: Amanda Alden, Patricia A. Brennan, Sheilagh Hodgins, Sarnoff A. MednickAbstract:Context: Psychotic disorders are associated with an increased risk of aggressive behavior and violent crime. Whether there is also an association with Sex Offending is unknown. Objectives: To estimate the lifetime prevalence of arrests for Sexual offenses (with and without physical aggression) among men and women with psychotic disorders, the moderating effects of comorbid personality disorders and substance use disorders, and the prevalence rates for 4 specific psychotic disorders.