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Avron Spiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high homocysteine and low b vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men the veterans affairs normative aging study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Katherine L Tucker, Ning Qiao, Tammy Scott, Irwin H Rosenberg, Avron SpiroAbstract:Background: Elevated homocysteine concentrations may contributetocognitiveimpairment.Mostelevationsinhomocysteineresult frominadequatefolate,vitaminB-12,orvitaminB-6intake.Itisnot clear whether the observed associations between homocysteine and cognitive measures are causal or whether they are due to homocysteine, to independent actions of the B vitamins, or to both. Objective: We aimed to assess the individual and independent effects of baseline plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 and of dietary B vitamin intakes on 3-y changes in cognitive measures in 321 aging men. Design: Participants were from the Veterans Affairs Normative AgingStudy.CognitivefunctionwasassessedwiththeMini-Mental State Examination and on the basis of measures of Memory, verbal fluency, and constructional praxis, which were adapted from the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease batteries at 2 time points. At baseline, dietary intakes were assessed with a foodfrequency questionnaire, and blood was drawn for the measurement of B vitamins and homocysteine. Results: Over a mean 3-y follow-up, declines in constructional praxis, measured by spatial copying, were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 and with the dietary intake of each vitamin. Folate (plasma and dietary) remainedindependentlyprotectiveagainstadeclineinspatialcopying score after adjustment for other vitamins and for plasma homocysteine. Dietary folate was also protective against a decline in verbal fluency. A high homocysteine concentration was associated with a decline in Recall Memory. Conclusions:LowBvitaminandhighhomocysteineconcentrations predict cognitive decline. Spatial copying measures appear to be most sensitive to these effects in a general population of aging men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:627–35.
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high homocysteine and low b vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men the veterans affairs normative aging study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Katherine L Tucker, Ning Qiao, Tammy Scott, Irwin H Rosenberg, Avron SpiroAbstract:Background: Elevated homocysteine concentrations may contributetocognitiveimpairment.Mostelevationsinhomocysteineresult frominadequatefolate,vitaminB-12,orvitaminB-6intake.Itisnot clear whether the observed associations between homocysteine and cognitive measures are causal or whether they are due to homocysteine, to independent actions of the B vitamins, or to both. Objective: We aimed to assess the individual and independent effects of baseline plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 and of dietary B vitamin intakes on 3-y changes in cognitive measures in 321 aging men. Design: Participants were from the Veterans Affairs Normative AgingStudy.CognitivefunctionwasassessedwiththeMini-Mental State Examination and on the basis of measures of Memory, verbal fluency, and constructional praxis, which were adapted from the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease batteries at 2 time points. At baseline, dietary intakes were assessed with a foodfrequency questionnaire, and blood was drawn for the measurement of B vitamins and homocysteine. Results: Over a mean 3-y follow-up, declines in constructional praxis, measured by spatial copying, were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 and with the dietary intake of each vitamin. Folate (plasma and dietary) remainedindependentlyprotectiveagainstadeclineinspatialcopying score after adjustment for other vitamins and for plasma homocysteine. Dietary folate was also protective against a decline in verbal fluency. A high homocysteine concentration was associated with a decline in Recall Memory. Conclusions:LowBvitaminandhighhomocysteineconcentrations predict cognitive decline. Spatial copying measures appear to be most sensitive to these effects in a general population of aging men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:627–35.
Marcela Pekna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hyperactive behavior and altered brain morphology in adult complement c3a receptor deficient mice
Frontiers in Immunology, 2021Co-Authors: Andrea Pozorodrigalvarez, Roosa Ollaranta, Jenny Skoog, Milos Pekny, Marcela PeknaAbstract:The C3a receptor (C3aR) is a seven trans-membrane domain G-protein coupled receptor with a range of immune modulatory functions. C3aR is activated by the third complement component (C3) activation derived peptide C3a and a neuropeptide TLQP-21. In the central nervous system (CNS), C3aR is expressed by neural progenitors, neurons as well as glial cells. The non-immune functions of C3aR in the adult CNS include regulation of basal neurogenesis, injury-induced neural plasticity, and modulation of glial cell activation. In the developing brain, C3aR and C3 have been shown to play a role in neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal migration with potential implications for autism spectrum disorder, and adult C3aR deficient (C3aR-/-) mice were reported to exhibit subtle deficit in Recall Memory. Here, we subjected 3 months old male C3aR-/- mice to a battery of behavioral tests and examined their brain morphology. We found that the C3aR-/- mice exhibit increased locomotor activity in the open field and object recognition test, but do not show any signs of autistic behavior as assessed by self-grooming behavior. The C3aR-/- mice have a short-term Memory deficit and faster Memory extinction. We also found regional differences between the C3aR-/- and wild-type (WT) mice in the morphology of motor and somatosensory cortex, as well as amygdala and hippocampus. In summary, constitutive absence of C3aR signaling in mice leads to neurodevelopmental abnormalities that persist into adulthood and are associated with locomotive hyperactivity and altered cognitive functions.
Katherine L Tucker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high homocysteine and low b vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men the veterans affairs normative aging study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Katherine L Tucker, Ning Qiao, Tammy Scott, Irwin H Rosenberg, Avron SpiroAbstract:Background: Elevated homocysteine concentrations may contributetocognitiveimpairment.Mostelevationsinhomocysteineresult frominadequatefolate,vitaminB-12,orvitaminB-6intake.Itisnot clear whether the observed associations between homocysteine and cognitive measures are causal or whether they are due to homocysteine, to independent actions of the B vitamins, or to both. Objective: We aimed to assess the individual and independent effects of baseline plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 and of dietary B vitamin intakes on 3-y changes in cognitive measures in 321 aging men. Design: Participants were from the Veterans Affairs Normative AgingStudy.CognitivefunctionwasassessedwiththeMini-Mental State Examination and on the basis of measures of Memory, verbal fluency, and constructional praxis, which were adapted from the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease batteries at 2 time points. At baseline, dietary intakes were assessed with a foodfrequency questionnaire, and blood was drawn for the measurement of B vitamins and homocysteine. Results: Over a mean 3-y follow-up, declines in constructional praxis, measured by spatial copying, were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 and with the dietary intake of each vitamin. Folate (plasma and dietary) remainedindependentlyprotectiveagainstadeclineinspatialcopying score after adjustment for other vitamins and for plasma homocysteine. Dietary folate was also protective against a decline in verbal fluency. A high homocysteine concentration was associated with a decline in Recall Memory. Conclusions:LowBvitaminandhighhomocysteineconcentrations predict cognitive decline. Spatial copying measures appear to be most sensitive to these effects in a general population of aging men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:627–35.
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high homocysteine and low b vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men the veterans affairs normative aging study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Katherine L Tucker, Ning Qiao, Tammy Scott, Irwin H Rosenberg, Avron SpiroAbstract:Background: Elevated homocysteine concentrations may contributetocognitiveimpairment.Mostelevationsinhomocysteineresult frominadequatefolate,vitaminB-12,orvitaminB-6intake.Itisnot clear whether the observed associations between homocysteine and cognitive measures are causal or whether they are due to homocysteine, to independent actions of the B vitamins, or to both. Objective: We aimed to assess the individual and independent effects of baseline plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 and of dietary B vitamin intakes on 3-y changes in cognitive measures in 321 aging men. Design: Participants were from the Veterans Affairs Normative AgingStudy.CognitivefunctionwasassessedwiththeMini-Mental State Examination and on the basis of measures of Memory, verbal fluency, and constructional praxis, which were adapted from the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease batteries at 2 time points. At baseline, dietary intakes were assessed with a foodfrequency questionnaire, and blood was drawn for the measurement of B vitamins and homocysteine. Results: Over a mean 3-y follow-up, declines in constructional praxis, measured by spatial copying, were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 and with the dietary intake of each vitamin. Folate (plasma and dietary) remainedindependentlyprotectiveagainstadeclineinspatialcopying score after adjustment for other vitamins and for plasma homocysteine. Dietary folate was also protective against a decline in verbal fluency. A high homocysteine concentration was associated with a decline in Recall Memory. Conclusions:LowBvitaminandhighhomocysteineconcentrations predict cognitive decline. Spatial copying measures appear to be most sensitive to these effects in a general population of aging men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:627–35.
Andrew N Meltzoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring the relation between Memory gestural communication and the emergence of language in infancy a longitudinal study
Infant and Child Development, 2006Co-Authors: Karin Strid, Tomas Tjus, Lars Smith, Mikael Heimann, Stein Erik Ulvund, Andrew N MeltzoffAbstract:The relationship between Recall Memory, visual recognition Memory, social communication, and the emergence of language skills was measured in a longitudinal study. Thirty typically developing Swedish children were tested at 6, 9 and 14 months. The result showed that, in combination, visual recognition Memory at 6 months, deferred imitation at 9 months and turn-taking skills at 14 months could explain 41% of the variance in the infants’ production of communicative gestures as measured by a Swedish variant of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). In this statistical model, deferred imitation stood out as the strongest predictor.
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imitation Memory and the representation of persons
Infant Behavior & Development, 2002Co-Authors: Andrew N Meltzoff, Keith M MooreAbstract:Imitation was tested both immediately and after a 24-hr retention interval in 6-week-old infants. The results showed immediate imitation, which replicates past research, and also imitation from Memory, which is new. The latter finding implicates Recall Memory and establishes that 6-week-olds can generate actions on the basis of stored representations. The motor organization involved in imitation was investigated through a microanalysis of the matching response. Results revealed that infants gradually modified their behavior towards more accurate matches over successive trials. It is proposed that early imitation serves a social identity function. Infants are motivated to imitate after a 24-hr delay as a means of clarifying whether the person they see before them is the same one they previously encountered. They use the reenactment of a person’s behavior to probe whether this is the same person. In the domain of inanimate objects, infants use physical manipulations (e.g., shaking) to perform this function. Imitation is to understanding people as physical manipulation is to understanding things. Motor imitation, the behavioral reenactment of things people do, is a primitive means of understanding and communicating with people.
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long term Memory forgetting and deferred imitation in 12 month old infants
Developmental Science, 1999Co-Authors: Pamela J Klein, Andrew N MeltzoffAbstract:Long-term Recall Memory, as indexed by deferred imitation, was assessed in 12-month-old infants. Independent groups of infants were tested after retention intervals of 3 min, 1 week and 4 weeks. Deferred imitation was assessed using the ‘observation-only’ procedure in which infants were not allowed motor practice on the tasks before the delay was imposed. Thus, the Memory could not have been based on re-accessing a motor habit, because none was formed in the first place. After the delay, Memory was assessed either in the same or a different environmental context from the one in which the adult had originally demonstrated the acts. In Experiments 1 and 3, infants observed the target acts while in an unusual environment (an orange and white polka-dot tent), and Recall Memory was tested in an ordinary room. In Experiment 2, infants observed the target acts in their homes and were tested for Memory in a university room. The results showed Recall Memory after all retention intervals, including the 4 week delay, with no effect of context change. Interestingly, the forgetting function showed that the bulk of the forgetting occurred during the first week. The findings of Recall Memory without motor practice support the view that infants as young as 12 months old use a declarative (nonprocedural) Memory system to span delay intervals as long as 4 weeks.
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what infant Memory tells us about infantile amnesia long term Recall and deferred imitation
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1995Co-Authors: Andrew N MeltzoffAbstract:Abstract Long-term Recall Memory was assessed using a nonverbal method requiring subjects to reenact a past event from Memory (deferred imitation). A large sample of infants ( N = 192), evenly divided between 14- and 16-months old, was tested across two experiments. A delay of 2 months was used in Experiment 1 and a delay of 4 months in Experiment 2. In both experiments two treatment groups were used. In one treatment group, motor practice (immediate imitation) was allowed before the delay was imposed; in the other group, subjects were prevented from motor practice before the delay. Age-matched control groups were used to assess the spontaneous production of the target acts in the absence of exposure to the model in both experiments. The results demonstrated significant deferred imitation for both treatment groups at both delay intervals, and moreover showed that infants retained and imitated multiple acts. These findings suggest that infants have a non-verbal declarative Memory system that supports the Recall of past events across long-term delays. The implications of these findings for the multiple Memory system debate in cognitive science and neuroscience and for theories of infantile amnesia are considered.
Irwin H Rosenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high homocysteine and low b vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men the veterans affairs normative aging study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Katherine L Tucker, Ning Qiao, Tammy Scott, Irwin H Rosenberg, Avron SpiroAbstract:Background: Elevated homocysteine concentrations may contributetocognitiveimpairment.Mostelevationsinhomocysteineresult frominadequatefolate,vitaminB-12,orvitaminB-6intake.Itisnot clear whether the observed associations between homocysteine and cognitive measures are causal or whether they are due to homocysteine, to independent actions of the B vitamins, or to both. Objective: We aimed to assess the individual and independent effects of baseline plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 and of dietary B vitamin intakes on 3-y changes in cognitive measures in 321 aging men. Design: Participants were from the Veterans Affairs Normative AgingStudy.CognitivefunctionwasassessedwiththeMini-Mental State Examination and on the basis of measures of Memory, verbal fluency, and constructional praxis, which were adapted from the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease batteries at 2 time points. At baseline, dietary intakes were assessed with a foodfrequency questionnaire, and blood was drawn for the measurement of B vitamins and homocysteine. Results: Over a mean 3-y follow-up, declines in constructional praxis, measured by spatial copying, were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 and with the dietary intake of each vitamin. Folate (plasma and dietary) remainedindependentlyprotectiveagainstadeclineinspatialcopying score after adjustment for other vitamins and for plasma homocysteine. Dietary folate was also protective against a decline in verbal fluency. A high homocysteine concentration was associated with a decline in Recall Memory. Conclusions:LowBvitaminandhighhomocysteineconcentrations predict cognitive decline. Spatial copying measures appear to be most sensitive to these effects in a general population of aging men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:627–35.
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high homocysteine and low b vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men the veterans affairs normative aging study
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Katherine L Tucker, Ning Qiao, Tammy Scott, Irwin H Rosenberg, Avron SpiroAbstract:Background: Elevated homocysteine concentrations may contributetocognitiveimpairment.Mostelevationsinhomocysteineresult frominadequatefolate,vitaminB-12,orvitaminB-6intake.Itisnot clear whether the observed associations between homocysteine and cognitive measures are causal or whether they are due to homocysteine, to independent actions of the B vitamins, or to both. Objective: We aimed to assess the individual and independent effects of baseline plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 and of dietary B vitamin intakes on 3-y changes in cognitive measures in 321 aging men. Design: Participants were from the Veterans Affairs Normative AgingStudy.CognitivefunctionwasassessedwiththeMini-Mental State Examination and on the basis of measures of Memory, verbal fluency, and constructional praxis, which were adapted from the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease batteries at 2 time points. At baseline, dietary intakes were assessed with a foodfrequency questionnaire, and blood was drawn for the measurement of B vitamins and homocysteine. Results: Over a mean 3-y follow-up, declines in constructional praxis, measured by spatial copying, were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 and with the dietary intake of each vitamin. Folate (plasma and dietary) remainedindependentlyprotectiveagainstadeclineinspatialcopying score after adjustment for other vitamins and for plasma homocysteine. Dietary folate was also protective against a decline in verbal fluency. A high homocysteine concentration was associated with a decline in Recall Memory. Conclusions:LowBvitaminandhighhomocysteineconcentrations predict cognitive decline. Spatial copying measures appear to be most sensitive to these effects in a general population of aging men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:627–35.
