The Experts below are selected from a list of 41772 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Moshe Navehbenjami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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divided attention in younger and older adults effects of strategy and relatedness on memory performance and secondary Task costs
2005Co-Authors: Moshe Navehbenjami, Jonatha Guez, Fergus I. M. Craik, Shary KreugeAbstract:Divided attention at encoding leads to a significant decline in memory performance, whereas divided attention during retrieval has relatively little effect; nevertheless, retrieval carries significant secondary Task costs, especially for older adults. The authors further investigated the effects of divided attention in younger and older adults by using a cued-Recall Task and by measuring retrieval accuracy, retrieval latency, and the temporal distribution of attentional costs at encoding and retrieval. An age-related memory deficit was reduced by pair relatedness, whereas strategy instructions benefited both age groups equally. Attentional costs were greater for retrieval than for encoding, especially for older adults. These findings are interpreted in light of notions of an age-related associative deficit (M. Naveh-Benjamin, 2000) and age-related differences in the use of self-initiated activities and environmental support (F. I. M. Craik, 1983, 1986).
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effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes assessment of attentional costs and a componential analysis
2000Co-Authors: Moshe Navehbenjami, Jonatha GuezAbstract:Recent research has shown that divided attention at retrieval, in contrast to encoding, affected memory performance only minimally. This immunity at retrieval was associated with a significant secondary Task cost. In this article the authors further investigated these effects employing a cued-Recall Task and a multimeasure approach with accuracy, latency, overall attentional costs, and the temporal distribution of attentional costs associated with the encoding and retrieval of low- and high-frequency words. The results of 2 experiments yielded a complex pattern of both similarities and differences between encoding and retrieval. Simultaneous inspection of the different measures of performance was instrumental in identifying 3 major types of retrieval (unsuccessful, slow, and fast), as well as different phases of the retrieval process, each of which was characterized by a different demand for attentional resources.
Jonatha Guez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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divided attention in younger and older adults effects of strategy and relatedness on memory performance and secondary Task costs
2005Co-Authors: Moshe Navehbenjami, Jonatha Guez, Fergus I. M. Craik, Shary KreugeAbstract:Divided attention at encoding leads to a significant decline in memory performance, whereas divided attention during retrieval has relatively little effect; nevertheless, retrieval carries significant secondary Task costs, especially for older adults. The authors further investigated the effects of divided attention in younger and older adults by using a cued-Recall Task and by measuring retrieval accuracy, retrieval latency, and the temporal distribution of attentional costs at encoding and retrieval. An age-related memory deficit was reduced by pair relatedness, whereas strategy instructions benefited both age groups equally. Attentional costs were greater for retrieval than for encoding, especially for older adults. These findings are interpreted in light of notions of an age-related associative deficit (M. Naveh-Benjamin, 2000) and age-related differences in the use of self-initiated activities and environmental support (F. I. M. Craik, 1983, 1986).
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effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes assessment of attentional costs and a componential analysis
2000Co-Authors: Moshe Navehbenjami, Jonatha GuezAbstract:Recent research has shown that divided attention at retrieval, in contrast to encoding, affected memory performance only minimally. This immunity at retrieval was associated with a significant secondary Task cost. In this article the authors further investigated these effects employing a cued-Recall Task and a multimeasure approach with accuracy, latency, overall attentional costs, and the temporal distribution of attentional costs associated with the encoding and retrieval of low- and high-frequency words. The results of 2 experiments yielded a complex pattern of both similarities and differences between encoding and retrieval. Simultaneous inspection of the different measures of performance was instrumental in identifying 3 major types of retrieval (unsuccessful, slow, and fast), as well as different phases of the retrieval process, each of which was characterized by a different demand for attentional resources.
Shary Kreuge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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divided attention in younger and older adults effects of strategy and relatedness on memory performance and secondary Task costs
2005Co-Authors: Moshe Navehbenjami, Jonatha Guez, Fergus I. M. Craik, Shary KreugeAbstract:Divided attention at encoding leads to a significant decline in memory performance, whereas divided attention during retrieval has relatively little effect; nevertheless, retrieval carries significant secondary Task costs, especially for older adults. The authors further investigated the effects of divided attention in younger and older adults by using a cued-Recall Task and by measuring retrieval accuracy, retrieval latency, and the temporal distribution of attentional costs at encoding and retrieval. An age-related memory deficit was reduced by pair relatedness, whereas strategy instructions benefited both age groups equally. Attentional costs were greater for retrieval than for encoding, especially for older adults. These findings are interpreted in light of notions of an age-related associative deficit (M. Naveh-Benjamin, 2000) and age-related differences in the use of self-initiated activities and environmental support (F. I. M. Craik, 1983, 1986).
Wolfgang Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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children s metamemorial judgments in an event Recall Task
2007Co-Authors: Claudia M Roebers, Nicole Von Der Linden, Wolfgang Schneider, Pauline HowieAbstract:Two studies were conducted in which two different indicators of metacognitive monitoring were investigated in a complex everyday memory Task. In the first phase of each experiment, 8- and 10-year-olds as well as adults were shown a short event (video) and gave judgments of learning, that is, rated their certainty that they would later be able to Recall specific details correctly. In the second phase of the experiments, participants underwent a memory interview about the event and in Study 2 also gave confidence judgments, that is, rated their certainty that the provided answers to the memory questions were correct. Results revealed significant influences of memory characteristics on monitoring in that delaying judgments and monitoring judgments concerning irretrievable information affected judgments of learning. From 8 years of age onward, there were relatively appropriate metamemorial monitoring abilities in both indicators. Moderate intraindividual consistency was found across the two measures of metacognitive monitoring, with a tendency toward higher consistency in older age groups. The results are discussed in terms of the adequacy of the underlying theoretical construct.
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a longitudinal study of young children s memory behavior and performance in a sort Recall Task
1991Co-Authors: Wolfgang Schneider, Beate SodianAbstract:Abstract One hundred and sixty-nine children were tested twice, at the ages of about 4 and 6 years, for their Recall of a list of clusterable objects, following either play-and-remember or sort-and-remember instructions, and were assessed for their metamemory of the efficacy of conceptual and perceptual sorting strategies. In addition, an independent sample of 30 4-year-olds was tested twice within a time interval of 2 weeks to assess short-term stability of the memory measures. The main developmental trends reported in cross-sectional studies of preschoolers' memory were replicated. Conceptual clustering during Recall significantly predicted Recall performance in 6-year-olds, regardless of instructional condition, whereas in 4-year-olds verbal IQ and conceptual clustering predicted Recall only under sort-and-remember instructional conditions, memory span being the only significant predictor under play-and-remember instructions. Although the short-term stabilities of all variables except for metamemory were high, over the 2-year period under study the stabilities of the memory variables were low with the exception of free Recall. An analysis of individual stabilities showed that the more children Recalled at age 4 the more stable their Recall was over the 2-year period. These results indicate that although memory behavior and performance may be considerably less stable in the preschool than in the elementary school years, differential patterns may emerge at an early age.
David F Bjorklund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the adaptive nature of children s overestimation in a strategic memory Task
2007Co-Authors: Hyeeun Shin, David F Bjorklund, Erinn F BeckAbstract:Abstract Kindergarten, first-, and third-grade children were given a multitrial sort-Recall Task with different items on each trial. Children were asked to predict how many items they would Recall prior to each trial. We classified children into high- and low-overestimation groups based on their prediction accuracy on the first two trials and assessed changes in Recall and strategy use over trials (trials 4/5 minus trials 1/2). Following predictions, at all grades, children in the high-overestimation group showed greater gains (or fewer losses) in Recall than children in the low-overestimation group. Differences in strategy use over trials were generally nonsignificant. The results were interpreted as reflecting the adaptive nature of children's overestimation of their cognitive abilities.
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age differences in and consequences of multiple and variable strategy use on a multitrial sort Recall Task
1997Co-Authors: Thomas R Coyle, David F BjorklundAbstract:Second-, 3rd-, and 4th-grade children were given 5 sort-Recall trials with different sets of categorizable items. The authors assessed multiple-strategy use on each trial and related intertrial changes in strategy use to levels of Recall. Multiple-strategy use increased with age but was observed at all grades. Fourth graders who used more strategies had higher Recall, with this pattern occurring only on later trials for 2nd and 3rd graders. Children of all ages showed substantial intertrial variability in using multiple strategies. Stable-strategy use (few strategy changes across trials) was related to high levels of Recall, both for individual and group data, and was associated with the use of different numbers of strategies at different ages. Results were interpreted in light of new research and theory postulating that multiple- and variable-strategy use is the rule rather than the exception in development and that strategies do not always facilitate Task performance (utilization deficiencies).
