The Experts below are selected from a list of 2061 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Natalie B Bryant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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one shot tagging during wake and cueing during sleep with spatiotemporal patterns of transcranial electrical stimulation can boost long term Metamemory of individual episodes in humans
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Praveen K Pilly, Steven W Skorheim, Ryan J Hubbard, Nicholas Ketz, Shane M Roach, Aaron P Jones, B Robert, Itamar Lerner, Natalie B BryantAbstract:Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during slow-wave oscillations (SWOs) in sleep has been demonstrated with sensory cues to achieve about 5–12% improvement in post-nap memory performance on simple laboratory tasks. But prior work has not yet addressed the one-shot aspect of episodic memory acquisition, or dealt with the presence of interference from ambient environmental cues in real-world settings. Further, TMR with sensory cues may not be scalable to the multitude of experiences over one’s lifetime. We designed a novel non-invasive non-sensory paradigm that tags one-shot experiences of minute-long naturalistic episodes in immersive virtual reality (VR) with unique spatiotemporal amplitude-modulated patterns (STAMPs) of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). In particular, we demonstrated that these STAMPs can be re-applied as brief pulses during SWOs in sleep to achieve about 10–20% improvement in the Metamemory of targeted episodes compared to the control episodes at 48 hours after initial viewing. We found that STAMPs can not only facilitate but also impair Metamemory for the targeted episodes based on an interaction between pre-sleep Metamemory and the number of STAMP applications during sleep. Overnight Metamemory improvements were mediated by spectral power increases following the offset of STAMPs in the slow-spindle band (8–12 Hz) for left temporal areas in the scalp electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep. These results prescribe an optimal strategy to leverage STAMPs for boosting Metamemory and suggest that real-world episodic memories can be modulated in a targeted manner even with coarser, non-invasive spatiotemporal stimulation.
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one shot tagging during wake and cueing during sleep with spatiotemporal patterns of transcranial electrical stimulation can boost long term Metamemory of individual episodes in humans
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Praveen K Pilly, Steven W Skorheim, Ryan J Hubbard, Nicholas Ketz, Shane M Roach, Aaron P Jones, B Robert, Natalie B Bryant, Itamar Lerner, Arno HartholtAbstract:Long-term retention of memories critically depends on consolidation processes, which occur during slow-wave oscillations (SWOs) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We designed a non-invasive system that can tag one-shot experiences of naturalistic episodes within immersive virtual reality (VR) with unique spatiotemporal amplitude-modulated patterns (STAMPs) of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). We demonstrate that these STAMPs can be re-applied during UP states of SWOs on two consecutive nights to achieve a 19.43% improvement in the Metamemory of targeted episodes at 48 hours after the one-shot viewing, compared to the control episodes. Further, we found an interaction between pre-sleep Metamemory of targeted episodes and the number of STAMP applications for those episodes during sleep, and that STAMPs elicit increases in left temporal slow-spindle (9-12 Hz) power that are predictive of overnight Metamemory improvements. These results prescribe an optimal strategy to leverage STAMPs for boosting Metamemory based on pre-sleep performance and tracking the STAMP-induced biomarker during sleep, and suggest that real-world episodic memories can be modulated in a targeted manner even with coarser, non-invasive spatiotemporal stimulation.
Itamar Lerner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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one shot tagging during wake and cueing during sleep with spatiotemporal patterns of transcranial electrical stimulation can boost long term Metamemory of individual episodes in humans
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Praveen K Pilly, Steven W Skorheim, Ryan J Hubbard, Nicholas Ketz, Shane M Roach, Aaron P Jones, B Robert, Itamar Lerner, Natalie B BryantAbstract:Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during slow-wave oscillations (SWOs) in sleep has been demonstrated with sensory cues to achieve about 5–12% improvement in post-nap memory performance on simple laboratory tasks. But prior work has not yet addressed the one-shot aspect of episodic memory acquisition, or dealt with the presence of interference from ambient environmental cues in real-world settings. Further, TMR with sensory cues may not be scalable to the multitude of experiences over one’s lifetime. We designed a novel non-invasive non-sensory paradigm that tags one-shot experiences of minute-long naturalistic episodes in immersive virtual reality (VR) with unique spatiotemporal amplitude-modulated patterns (STAMPs) of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). In particular, we demonstrated that these STAMPs can be re-applied as brief pulses during SWOs in sleep to achieve about 10–20% improvement in the Metamemory of targeted episodes compared to the control episodes at 48 hours after initial viewing. We found that STAMPs can not only facilitate but also impair Metamemory for the targeted episodes based on an interaction between pre-sleep Metamemory and the number of STAMP applications during sleep. Overnight Metamemory improvements were mediated by spectral power increases following the offset of STAMPs in the slow-spindle band (8–12 Hz) for left temporal areas in the scalp electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep. These results prescribe an optimal strategy to leverage STAMPs for boosting Metamemory and suggest that real-world episodic memories can be modulated in a targeted manner even with coarser, non-invasive spatiotemporal stimulation.
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one shot tagging during wake and cueing during sleep with spatiotemporal patterns of transcranial electrical stimulation can boost long term Metamemory of individual episodes in humans
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Praveen K Pilly, Steven W Skorheim, Ryan J Hubbard, Nicholas Ketz, Shane M Roach, Aaron P Jones, B Robert, Natalie B Bryant, Itamar Lerner, Arno HartholtAbstract:Long-term retention of memories critically depends on consolidation processes, which occur during slow-wave oscillations (SWOs) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We designed a non-invasive system that can tag one-shot experiences of naturalistic episodes within immersive virtual reality (VR) with unique spatiotemporal amplitude-modulated patterns (STAMPs) of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). We demonstrate that these STAMPs can be re-applied during UP states of SWOs on two consecutive nights to achieve a 19.43% improvement in the Metamemory of targeted episodes at 48 hours after the one-shot viewing, compared to the control episodes. Further, we found an interaction between pre-sleep Metamemory of targeted episodes and the number of STAMP applications for those episodes during sleep, and that STAMPs elicit increases in left temporal slow-spindle (9-12 Hz) power that are predictive of overnight Metamemory improvements. These results prescribe an optimal strategy to leverage STAMPs for boosting Metamemory based on pre-sleep performance and tracking the STAMP-induced biomarker during sleep, and suggest that real-world episodic memories can be modulated in a targeted manner even with coarser, non-invasive spatiotemporal stimulation.
Praveen K Pilly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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one shot tagging during wake and cueing during sleep with spatiotemporal patterns of transcranial electrical stimulation can boost long term Metamemory of individual episodes in humans
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Praveen K Pilly, Steven W Skorheim, Ryan J Hubbard, Nicholas Ketz, Shane M Roach, Aaron P Jones, B Robert, Itamar Lerner, Natalie B BryantAbstract:Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during slow-wave oscillations (SWOs) in sleep has been demonstrated with sensory cues to achieve about 5–12% improvement in post-nap memory performance on simple laboratory tasks. But prior work has not yet addressed the one-shot aspect of episodic memory acquisition, or dealt with the presence of interference from ambient environmental cues in real-world settings. Further, TMR with sensory cues may not be scalable to the multitude of experiences over one’s lifetime. We designed a novel non-invasive non-sensory paradigm that tags one-shot experiences of minute-long naturalistic episodes in immersive virtual reality (VR) with unique spatiotemporal amplitude-modulated patterns (STAMPs) of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). In particular, we demonstrated that these STAMPs can be re-applied as brief pulses during SWOs in sleep to achieve about 10–20% improvement in the Metamemory of targeted episodes compared to the control episodes at 48 hours after initial viewing. We found that STAMPs can not only facilitate but also impair Metamemory for the targeted episodes based on an interaction between pre-sleep Metamemory and the number of STAMP applications during sleep. Overnight Metamemory improvements were mediated by spectral power increases following the offset of STAMPs in the slow-spindle band (8–12 Hz) for left temporal areas in the scalp electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep. These results prescribe an optimal strategy to leverage STAMPs for boosting Metamemory and suggest that real-world episodic memories can be modulated in a targeted manner even with coarser, non-invasive spatiotemporal stimulation.
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one shot tagging during wake and cueing during sleep with spatiotemporal patterns of transcranial electrical stimulation can boost long term Metamemory of individual episodes in humans
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Praveen K Pilly, Steven W Skorheim, Ryan J Hubbard, Nicholas Ketz, Shane M Roach, Aaron P Jones, B Robert, Natalie B Bryant, Itamar Lerner, Arno HartholtAbstract:Long-term retention of memories critically depends on consolidation processes, which occur during slow-wave oscillations (SWOs) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We designed a non-invasive system that can tag one-shot experiences of naturalistic episodes within immersive virtual reality (VR) with unique spatiotemporal amplitude-modulated patterns (STAMPs) of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). We demonstrate that these STAMPs can be re-applied during UP states of SWOs on two consecutive nights to achieve a 19.43% improvement in the Metamemory of targeted episodes at 48 hours after the one-shot viewing, compared to the control episodes. Further, we found an interaction between pre-sleep Metamemory of targeted episodes and the number of STAMP applications for those episodes during sleep, and that STAMPs elicit increases in left temporal slow-spindle (9-12 Hz) power that are predictive of overnight Metamemory improvements. These results prescribe an optimal strategy to leverage STAMPs for boosting Metamemory based on pre-sleep performance and tracking the STAMP-induced biomarker during sleep, and suggest that real-world episodic memories can be modulated in a targeted manner even with coarser, non-invasive spatiotemporal stimulation.
Neil W Mulligan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prospective Metamemory like retrospective Metamemory exhibits underconfidence with practice
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 2019Co-Authors: John T West, Neil W MulliganAbstract:The majority of research on Metamemory focuses on retrospective memory: memory for past events. Prospective memory, in contrast, refers to the process of remembering to carry out intentions in the future. Despite claims that metacognition is essential to prospective remembering, it is unclear whether the metamemorial effects that researchers have observed in studies of retrospective memory extend to prospective memory. In the present study, we tested whether the underconfidence with practice (UWP) effect, the finding that in multitrial learning situations, participants become relatively underconfident following retrieval practice, would generalize to a prospective memory paradigm. Participants memorized target-response word pairs and were told that during an upcoming lexical-decision task (the ongoing task), the targets would appear and, should they recognize any of these targets, they were to notify the experimenter and attempt to recall the associated response. Participants then predicted their ability to recognize each target and recall each response. Participants predicted their memory and completed the ongoing task three times. In Experiment 1, we observed preliminary evidence for UWP for the prospective component (recognizing the targets) but no UWP for the retrospective component (recalling the responses). However, after changing the way JOLs were elicited to be more consistent with past studies of UWP (i.e., cueing them with the target instead of the target-response word pair), we observed UWP for both prospective and retrospective memory in Experiments 2 and 3. The present results suggest that, as with retrospective memory, participants become relatively underconfident in their prospective memory following practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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exploring the intrinsic extrinsic distinction in prospective Metamemory
Journal of Memory and Language, 2019Co-Authors: Jonathan A Susser, Neil W MulliganAbstract:Abstract The overwhelming majority of research on Metamemory examines retrospective memory – memory for past events. The Metamemory of prospective memory – remembering to carry out intentions in the future – is little studied. The cue utilization account is a prominent framework for analyzing retrospective Metamemory, here applied to prospective Metamemory. This framework predicts that intrinsic cues (e.g., characteristics of the to-be-remembered information) readily impact Metamemory whereas extrinsic cues (e.g., features of the general learning environment) have much less impact. The current study examined prospective memory using target-response word pairs. Participants were to remember to interrupt an ongoing task when a target was noticed, and then recall the associated response. Prior to the ongoing task, participants predicted (using judgments-of-learning, JOLs) whether they would notice a given target and whether they would recall the response for that target. This paradigm allows an assessment of Metamemory and actual memory for the prospective component (the noticing of the target) and the retrospective component (the retrieval of the response). Four experiments found that prospective-JOLs were affected by an intrinsic cue (target-word association) but not by an extrinsic cue (target focality), as predicted by the cue-utilization account. The same results were found for the retrospective-JOLs. The results provide initial evidence that the cue-utilization framework generalizes to prospective Metamemory. These results also revealed two complementary metamemorial illusions: target-response association impacts prospective-JOLs but not actual prospective memory performance, and target focality fails to impact prospective-JOLs but does affect actual prospective memory. This indicates that prospective Metamemory may be subject to illusions in ways similar to retrospective Metamemory.
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the motoric fluency effect on Metamemory
Journal of Memory and Language, 2017Co-Authors: Jonathan A Susser, Jennifer Panitz, Zachary L Buchin, Neil W MulliganAbstract:Abstract Predictions of future memory are often influenced by the ease or fluency of processing information. Susser and Mulligan (2015) recently demonstrated that motoric fluency (of writing with the dominant or non-dominant hand) may likewise affect these predictions. In the present study, we report five experiments that specify the locus of this motoric fluency effect. In Experiment 1, we examined whether the effect was driven by differences in effective study time across hand conditions. In Experiment 2, we assessed whether the effect could be obtained without any visual feedback from handwriting. In Experiments 3a and 3b, we investigated the contribution of visual feedback alone. In Experiment 4, we used prestudy JOLs to determine whether participants may develop a belief about handedness in the context of the experiment. Taken together, the results indicate that the motoric act of producing information in a fluent or disfluent manner is sufficient to produce an effect on memory predictions, that visual information from writing does not contribute, and that on-line interaction with the task plays a role. The experience of motoric fluency appears to be another cue that affects Metamemory.
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the effect of motoric fluency on Metamemory
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan A Susser, Neil W MulliganAbstract:Prior research has demonstrated that certain types of fluency can influence memory predictions, with more fluent processing being associated with greater memory confidence. However, no study has systematically examined whether this pattern extends to the fluency of motoric output. The current study investigated the effect of a motoric-fluency manipulation of hand dominance on judgments of learning (JOLs) and memory performance. Participants predicted better memory for fluently written than nonfluently written stimuli despite no differences in actual recall. A questionnaire-based study suggested that the effect of motoric fluency on predictions was not due to peoples' a priori beliefs about memory. These findings are consistent with other fluency effects on JOLs.
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easily perceived easily remembered perceptual interference produces a double dissociation between Metamemory and memory performance
Memory & Cognition, 2013Co-Authors: Miri Besken, Neil W MulliganAbstract:A recent candidate for explaining Metamemory judgments is the perceptual fluency hypothesis, which proposes that easily perceived items are predicted to be remembered better, regardless of actual memory performance (Rhodes & Castel Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 137:615–625, 2008). In two experiments, we used the perceptual interference manipulation to test this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with intact and backward-masked words during encoding, followed by a Metamemory prediction (a list-wide judgment of learning, JOL) and then a free recall test. Participants predicted that intact words would be better recalled, despite better actual memory for words in the perceptual interference condition, yielding a crossed double dissociation between predicted and actual memory performance. In Experiment 2, JOLs were made after each study word. Item-by-item JOLs were likewise higher for intact than for backward-masked words, despite similar actual memory performance for both types of words. The results are consistent with the perceptual fluency hypothesis of Metamemory and are discussed in terms of experience-based and theory-based Metamemory judgments.
Elena Cavallini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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training older adults on theory of mind tom transfer on Metamemory
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Serena Lecce, Sara Bottiroli, Federica Bianco, Alessia Rosi, Elena CavalliniAbstract:Abstract Background Research on aging has shown a significant decline in ToM after 65 years of age. Despite these age-related difficulties, no study has yet investigated the possibility to improve ToM in older adults. To address this gap we tested the efficacy of a conversation-based ToM training with age-appropriate ToM tasks and its transfer effects on Metamemory. Method We examined 72 older adults (Mage = 67.61 years, SD = 6.39 years) assigned to three training conditions: a ToM training, a physical-conversation training and a social-contact group. All participants took part in two 2-h testing and to two 2-h training sessions. Results Results showed that after the intervention, older adults in the ToM training group improved their mental states’ understanding significantly more than participants in the physical-conversation training and in the social-contact groups. Crucially, the positive effect of the ToM intervention generalized to Metamemory knowledge. Conclusions This is the first study investigating the efficacy of a ToM training and its transfer effect on metacognition in older adults. From a theoretical point of view, it supports the relation between ToM and Metamemory. Practical implications of these data are discussed.
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training preschoolers on first order false belief understanding transfer on advanced tom skills and Metamemory
Child Development, 2014Co-Authors: Serena Lecce, Federica Bianco, Patrizia Demicheli, Elena CavalliniAbstract:This study investigated the relation between theory of mind (ToM) and Metamemory knowledge using a training methodology. Sixty-two 4- to 5-year-old children were recruited and randomly assigned to one of two training conditions: A first-order false belief (ToM) and a control condition. Intervention and control groups were equivalent at pretest for age, parents' education, verbal ability, inhibition, and ToM. Results showed that after the intervention children in the ToM group improved in their first-order false belief understanding significantly more than children in the control condition. Crucially, the positive effect of the ToM intervention was stable over 2 months and generalized to more complex ToM tasks and Metamemory.