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Larry V. Cundiff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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postweaning growth and carcass traits in crossbRed cattle from hereford angus norwegian Red swedish Red and white friesian and wagyu maternal grandsires
Journal of Animal Science, 2006Co-Authors: E Casas, Larry V. CundiffAbstract:The objective of this study was to characterize breeds representing diverse biological types for postweaning growth and carcass composition traits in terminal crossbRed cattle. Postweaning growth and carcass traits were analyzed on 434 steers and 373 heifers obtained by mating F 1 cows to Charolais sires. Maternal grandsires represented Hereford, Angus, and MARC III (1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Pinzgauer, and 1/4 Red Poll) dams to Hereford or Angus (British Breeds), Norwegian Red, Swedish Red and White, Wagyu, or Friesian breeds. Breed groups were slaughteRed serially in each of 2 yr (2002 and 2003). Postweaning ADG, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, percentage Choice, LM area, marbling score, USDA yield grade, fat thickness, retail product yield (percentage), retail product weight, fat yield (percentage), fat weight, bone yield (percentage), and bone weight were analyzed. Maternal grandsire breed was significant (P < 0.05) for all traits except dressing percentage, percentage Choice, and LM area. Marbling score for animals with Norwegian Red, Wagyu, Swedish Red and White, British Breeds, and Friesian inheritance was 550, 544, 532, 530, and 515, respectively (SEM = 8). Retail product weight for these animals was 224,211,227,223, and 223 kg, respectively (SEM = 2 kg). Maternal granddam breed was not significant for any of the traits analyzed. Grandsire breed effects can be optimized by selection and use of appropriate crossbreeding systems.
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Effects of age, weight, and fat slaughter end points on estimates of breed and retained heterosis effects for carcass traits
Journal of animal science, 2006Co-Authors: A. Ríos-utrera, Mohammad Koohmaraie, Michael E. Dikeman, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch, K. E. Gregory, L. D. Van VleckAbstract:The influence of different levels of ad- justed fat thickness (AFT) and HCW slaughter end points (covariates) on estimates of breed and retained heterosis effects was studied for 14 carcass traits from serially slaughteRed purebRed and composite steers from the US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC). Contrasts among breed solutions were estimated at 0.7, 1.1, and 1.5 cm of AFT, and at 295.1, 340.5, and 385.9 kg of HCW. For constant slaughter age, contrasts were adjusted to the overall mean (432.5 d). Breed effects for Red Poll, Hereford, Limousin, Braunvieh, Pinzgauer, Gelbvieh, Simmental, Charolais, MARC I, MARC II, and MARC III were estimated as deviations from An- gus. In addition, purebReds were pooled into 3 groups based on lean-to-fat ratio, and then differences were estimated among groups. Retention of combined indi- vidual and maternal heterosis was estimated for each composite. Mean retained heterosis for the 3 composites also was estimated. Breed rankings and expression of heterosis varied within and among end points. For ex- ample, Charolais had greater (P < 0.05) dressing per- centages than Angus at the 2 largest levels of AFT and smaller (P < 0.01) percentages at the 2 largest levels of
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Comparison of Longhorn- and Red Poll-SiRed Calves from CrossbRed Dams Calving at Two or Three Years of Age1
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2004Co-Authors: X.h. Liu, Larry V. Cundiff, A. Pêrez Marquez, L. D. Van VleckAbstract:Abstract Calving difficulty, survival from birth to weaning, birth weight, and weaning weight of 167 calves and carcass traits of 88 cattle (63 for adjusted fat thickness) were compaRed for progeny of Red Poll and Longhorn bulls mated to crossbRed cows that calved at 2 or 3 yr of age. Results indicated that LonghornsiRed calves requiRed 28% less assistance at calving than Red Poll-siRed calves when dams calved at 2 yr of age (P≤0.05), but there was no difference between Red Poll- and Longhorn-siRed calves for calving difficulty with 3-yr-old cows. Red Poll-siRed calves had significantly greater birth and weaning BW than did Longhorn-siRed calves for 2-yr-old dams. Significant differences attributable to sire breed were found only for bone percentage of progeny of 3-yr-old dams, but not for carcass weight, fat thickness, longissimus area, USDA quality grades, and percentages retail product, fat trim, or bone. There was a significant interaction between sire breed and age of dam only for calving difficulty. Within sire breed, calving difficulty of 2-yr-old dams was greater than that for 3-yr-old dams, and calves from 2-yr-old dams also were significantly lighter at weaning than were calves from 3-yr-old dams (P
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Breed Comparisons of Weight, Weight Adjusted for Condition Score, Height, and Condition Score of Beef Cows1
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2004Co-Authors: J A Arango, Larry V. Cundiff, L. D. Van VleckAbstract:Breeds were compaRed for differences in BW (n = 56,731), heights (n = 51,407) and body condition scores (BCS, n = 56,371) of 2- to 8-yr-old cows from four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program at the U. S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC). Angus, Hereford, and topcross cows from 22 breeds of sires were produced. The mixed model for repeated measures of BW, height, and BCS included random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects of the cow. Differences among crosses were significant for all traits. In general, BW, within cycle, was greater for cows siRed by breeds of large size and low milk production (Chianina and Charolais) than for those of large size and moderate milk production (Maine Anjou, Salers, and Shorthorn), moderate size and moderate milk production (Angus and South Devon), moderate size and low milk production (Hereford), and small size and low milk production (Galloway and Longhorn). Breeds of moderate size and moderately high milk production (Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Tarentaise) were even lighter. Cows with Jersey sires were separated from all other breed groups because of light BW. Cows with sires of British origin tended to be lighter than those of continental European origin. Cows with Bos indicus sires (Brahman and Nellore) ranked between other breeds of large and moderate size for BW or for BW adjusted for BCS. In general, adjustment for BCS did not alter rankings of breed groups for differences in cow BW. Differences among breed groups for height closely followed differences for BW.
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comparisons of angus braunvieh chianina hereford gelbvieh maine anjou and Red Poll siRed cows for weight weight adjusted for body condition score height and body condition score
Journal of Animal Science, 2002Co-Authors: J A Arango, Larry V. Cundiff, L D Van VleckAbstract:Data from Angus, Hereford, and topcross cows (n = 641) from 2- to 8-yr-old daughters of seven breeds of sires included in Cycle II of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, comprising cow weight (CW, n = 15,698), height (CH, n = 15,676), and condition score (CS, n = 15,667), were used to estimate breed-group differences. Data were recorded in four seasons of each year (1975 to 1982). The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement, and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breed-group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Differences among breed-groups were significant for all traits at different ages and were maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Cows were ranked (by breed of sire) in the following order for weight: Red Poll (lightest), Hereford-Angus (reciprocal), Braunvieh, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou, and Chianina (heaviest). In general, cows siRed by breeds of British origin were lighter and shorter than those of continental origin. Differences in weight due to differences in condition seemed to be of small magnitude because making an adjustment for condition score did not affect rankings of breed groups across ages. Differences among breed groups for height were consistent with differences for weight. Cows from Chianina sires were taller than Hereford-Angus cows by 14 to 15 cm across ages. In this study, breed of sire effects were significantly different for the mature size of their daughters.
A H Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review: Preweaning, Postweaning, and Carcass Trait Comparisons for Progeny SiRed by Subtropically Adapted Beef Sire Breeds at Various US Locations123
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2010Co-Authors: F.a. Thrift, A H Brown, James O. Sanders, Brown, A. D. Herring, David G. Riley, S. M. Derouen, J. W. Holloway, W.e. Wyatt, Rhonda C. VannAbstract:ABSTRACT This review, which represents a summarization of research results generated during an approximately 22-yr period, involves preweaning, postweaning, and carcass trait comparisons of progeny siRed by Bos indicus (Brahman, Boran, Nellore, Indu-Brazil, Gir, Sahiwal), B. indicus-derivative (Brangus, Beefmaster, Santa Gertrudis, Gelbray, Simbrah), non-B. indicus (Tuli, Romosinuano, Bonsmara, Senepol) subtropically adapted, and traditional Bos taurus (Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Red Poll) sire breeds. Relative to Brahman-siRed progeny, preweaning (weaning weight) and postweaning (postweaning ADG, feedlot ADG, final feedlot BW) performance is expected to be less for progeny siRed by non-B. indicus subtropically adapted sire breeds. The non-B. indicus subtropically adapted sire breeds do contribute to less dystocia and appear to improve carcass merit, especially carcass tenderness, over the Brahman breed. Other B. indicus sire breeds, such as the Gir and Sahiwal, but not the Indu-Brazil, contribute to less dystocia compaRed with the Brahman breed. Relative to B. indicus and non-B. indicus subtropically adapted sire breeds, B. taurus sire breeds, especially Angus and Hereford, express superior carcass merit in regard to marbling score, QG, and tenderness.
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preweaning performance heterosis and direct and maternal breed effects in angus hereford Red Poll santa gertrudis and reciprocal cross calves
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2009Co-Authors: E L Oxford, A H Brown, Z B Johnson, G T Tabler, B R KutzAbstract:Production records of 1,631 cow-calf pairs were used to evaluate breed and breed combination differences in calf performance to weaning and to estimate heterosis, maternal breed effects, and direct breed effects. Included were straightbRed Angus (A), Hereford (H), Red Poll (RP), and Santa Gertrudis (SG) and reciprocal crosses. Data were birth weight (BWT), ADG, weaning weight (WWT), weaning grade, and weaning body condition score (WBCS). Data were analyzed using mixed model procedures in which sire within sire breed was a random effect used for testing direct breed effects. The interaction of sex of calf by breed of dam was evident (P < 0.01) for ADG and WWT. The interaction of sire breed with dam breed was important for BWT, ADG, WWT, and WBCS (P < 0.05). Heterosis effects were evident (P < 0.01) for BWT, ADG, and WWT for A × H crosses. The A × SG crosses demonstrated heterosis for ADG, WWT, and WBCS (P < 0.01). The A × SG calves were 1.65 kg heavier at birth, were 24.7 kg heavier at weaning, and graded onehalf point higher than their purebRed contemporaries (P < 0.05). Maternal breed effects were evident for BWT and ADG for all reciprocal crosses except for ADG for H × RP and A × SG. The A × SG, A × H, A × RP, and A × SG had negative direct breed effects for BWT (P < 0.01). This study indicates that heterosis, maternal breed effects, and direct breed effects do influence preweaning performance in a challenging environment, and specific breed contributions should be consideRed when developing an effective crossbreeding program.
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Sire Breed Effects on Preweaning Traits of CrossbRed and PurebRed Calves from Angus or Hereford Dams
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2006Co-Authors: E L Oxford, A H Brown, Zelpha B. Johnson, D.w. KelloggAbstract:Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate variation in calf performance from birth to weaning attributable to breed of sire (BRS), breed of dam (BRD), sex of calf, and all interactions. Records from 2,352 calves born at the Pinetree Research Unit of the Arkansas Experiment Station were utilized in the study. Physical environment and the available production resources make this location one of the more challenging environments for feeder calf production in the state. Some of these challenges include, but are not limited to, abundant rainfall, poorly drained soils, limited number of improved forage species, endo- and ectoparasites, fescue toxicities, and anaplasmosis. Calves resulted from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Santa Gertrudis, or Red Poll sires. Calf data collected were birth date, birth BW, preweaning ADG, weaning BW, weaning grade, and weaning body condition score (WBCS). Year, age of calf, BRD and BRS were significant (P
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Postpartum Maternal Behavior Score in Six Breed Groups of Beef Cattle over Twenty-Five Years
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2005Co-Authors: B.a. Sandelin, A H Brown, Zelpha B. Johnson, R.t. Baublits, J. A. Hornsby, B R KutzAbstract:The objective of this study was to determine the effects of fixed sources of variation on postpartum maternal behavior score (MBS) in six breed groups of beef cows. Postpartum MBS were determined on 5070 births representing the progeny of 142 sires and 145 maternal grandsires used in purebRed herds of the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station over a 25-yr period. Breed groups included Angus (n = 2073), Charolais (n = 549), Hereford (n = 722), Heritage Angus (n = 445), Polled Hereford (n = 981), and Red Poll (n = 300). Within 24 h of birth, a MBS was assigned as the handler obtained calf birth BW and body condition of each calf. Postpartum MBS were 1) very aggressive, 2) very attentive, 3) indifferent, and 4) apathetic. Variation in MBS across breeds was partitioned using a repeated measures model that included terms for an overall mean, year, breed, within breed, age of dam, sex of calf, body condition of calf, sire of calf, and maternal grandsire of calf. Across breed, important sources of variation (P
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Variation in the Percentage of Female Births over Time in Five Breeds of RegisteRed Beef Cattle1
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2003Co-Authors: R.t. Baublits, A H Brown, Zelpha B. Johnson, Charles F. Rosenkrans, R. W. Rorie, B.a. SandelinAbstract:Breed and sire effects on the percentage of female births over time in five breeds of registeRed beef cattle were studied. Breed groups were managed separately, and matings were performed by artificial insemination and natural service. The percentage of female births was included in the study for sires that were used for at least 2 yr and siRed at least seven progeny. Progeny of 48 Angus, 7 Charolais, 19 Horned Hereford, 17 Polled Hereford, and five Red Poll sires were used in the study. The numbers of birth years by breed were 33, 21, 31, 31, and 15 for Angus, Charolais, Horned Hereford, Polled Hereford and Red Poll, respectively. Variances for breed and sire were partitioned for percentage female births using a nested random effects analysis of variance. Breed effects for percentage of female births were 0.46% of total variance. Sire effects accounted for 0.27% of total variance. Means for percentage female births by breed were 50 ± 1% for Angus, 47 ± 3% for Charolais, 48 ± 2% for Horned Hereford, 52 ± 2% for Polled Hereford, and 49 ± 5% for Red Poll. Although sire variance was minimal, there were some sires that consistently produced a greater or lesser number of females over time. These results suggest that more research is needed to determine the factors that influence sex ratio in cattle due to its economic importance to the industry.
J A Arango - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Breed Comparisons of Weight, Weight Adjusted for Condition Score, Height, and Condition Score of Beef Cows1
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2004Co-Authors: J A Arango, Larry V. Cundiff, L. D. Van VleckAbstract:Breeds were compaRed for differences in BW (n = 56,731), heights (n = 51,407) and body condition scores (BCS, n = 56,371) of 2- to 8-yr-old cows from four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program at the U. S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC). Angus, Hereford, and topcross cows from 22 breeds of sires were produced. The mixed model for repeated measures of BW, height, and BCS included random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects of the cow. Differences among crosses were significant for all traits. In general, BW, within cycle, was greater for cows siRed by breeds of large size and low milk production (Chianina and Charolais) than for those of large size and moderate milk production (Maine Anjou, Salers, and Shorthorn), moderate size and moderate milk production (Angus and South Devon), moderate size and low milk production (Hereford), and small size and low milk production (Galloway and Longhorn). Breeds of moderate size and moderately high milk production (Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Tarentaise) were even lighter. Cows with Jersey sires were separated from all other breed groups because of light BW. Cows with sires of British origin tended to be lighter than those of continental European origin. Cows with Bos indicus sires (Brahman and Nellore) ranked between other breeds of large and moderate size for BW or for BW adjusted for BCS. In general, adjustment for BCS did not alter rankings of breed groups for differences in cow BW. Differences among breed groups for height closely followed differences for BW.
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comparisons of angus braunvieh chianina hereford gelbvieh maine anjou and Red Poll siRed cows for weight weight adjusted for body condition score height and body condition score
Journal of Animal Science, 2002Co-Authors: J A Arango, Larry V. Cundiff, L D Van VleckAbstract:Data from Angus, Hereford, and topcross cows (n = 641) from 2- to 8-yr-old daughters of seven breeds of sires included in Cycle II of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, comprising cow weight (CW, n = 15,698), height (CH, n = 15,676), and condition score (CS, n = 15,667), were used to estimate breed-group differences. Data were recorded in four seasons of each year (1975 to 1982). The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement, and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breed-group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Differences among breed-groups were significant for all traits at different ages and were maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Cows were ranked (by breed of sire) in the following order for weight: Red Poll (lightest), Hereford-Angus (reciprocal), Braunvieh, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou, and Chianina (heaviest). In general, cows siRed by breeds of British origin were lighter and shorter than those of continental origin. Differences in weight due to differences in condition seemed to be of small magnitude because making an adjustment for condition score did not affect rankings of breed groups across ages. Differences among breed groups for height were consistent with differences for weight. Cows from Chianina sires were taller than Hereford-Angus cows by 14 to 15 cm across ages. In this study, breed of sire effects were significantly different for the mature size of their daughters.
L D Van Vleck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle environmental genetic and economic factors
Journal of Animal Science, 2006Co-Authors: G D Snowder, L D Van Vleck, L. V. Cundiff, G L BennettAbstract:: The objective of this study was to characterize genetic, environmental, and economic factors related to the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot calves. Records from 18,112 calves representing 9 breeds (Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Simmental) and 3 composite types (MARC I, MARC II, and MARC III) over a 15-yr period (1987 to 2001) were evaluated. Disease incidence was observed and recorded by station veterinary and technical staff. The incidence of BRD varied across years, with the annual observed incidence ranging from 5 to 44%. From 1987 to 1992, the annual average incidence generally exceeded 20%. However, in later years the annual incidence did not exceed 14%. The epidemiological pattern indicated that BRD infection increased dramatically after 5 d on feed and remained high until approximately 80 d on feed. Previous BRD infection during the preweaning period did not influence subsequent BRD infection in the feedlot. Steers were more likely to become sick with BRD than heifers; castration before entry in the feedlot may be a pRedisposing cause. Few significant differences among breeds were detected for BRD incidence. Adjusted solutions from mixed model analyses indicated that Herefords were generally more susceptible to BRD infection (P < 0.05) than MARC I and III composite types. Composite breed types had similar susceptibility compaRed with other purebRed breeds. Mortality associated with BRD was greatest in Red Poll calves (9%) compaRed with the average over all breeds (4%). Estimates of heritability for resistance to BRD ranged from 0.04 to 0.08 +/- 0.01. When the observed heritability was transformed to an underlying continuous scale, the estimate increased to 0.18. Selection for resistance to BRD could be effective if phenotypes for BRD resistance were known. Thus, development of an inexpensive and humane method of challenging animals with BRD to determine resistance would be an important step in Reducing the incidence of BRD. This study also demonstrated that producer-collected field data could be used for selection against this disease. The economic loss associated with lower gains and treatment costs for BRD infection in a 1,000-cattle feedlot was estimated as dollar 13.90 per animal, not including labor and associated handling costs.
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comparisons of angus braunvieh chianina hereford gelbvieh maine anjou and Red Poll siRed cows for weight weight adjusted for body condition score height and body condition score
Journal of Animal Science, 2002Co-Authors: J A Arango, Larry V. Cundiff, L D Van VleckAbstract:Data from Angus, Hereford, and topcross cows (n = 641) from 2- to 8-yr-old daughters of seven breeds of sires included in Cycle II of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, comprising cow weight (CW, n = 15,698), height (CH, n = 15,676), and condition score (CS, n = 15,667), were used to estimate breed-group differences. Data were recorded in four seasons of each year (1975 to 1982). The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement, and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breed-group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Differences among breed-groups were significant for all traits at different ages and were maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Cows were ranked (by breed of sire) in the following order for weight: Red Poll (lightest), Hereford-Angus (reciprocal), Braunvieh, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou, and Chianina (heaviest). In general, cows siRed by breeds of British origin were lighter and shorter than those of continental origin. Differences in weight due to differences in condition seemed to be of small magnitude because making an adjustment for condition score did not affect rankings of breed groups across ages. Differences among breed groups for height were consistent with differences for weight. Cows from Chianina sires were taller than Hereford-Angus cows by 14 to 15 cm across ages. In this study, breed of sire effects were significantly different for the mature size of their daughters.
L. D. Van Vleck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of age, weight, and fat slaughter end points on estimates of breed and retained heterosis effects for carcass traits
Journal of animal science, 2006Co-Authors: A. Ríos-utrera, Mohammad Koohmaraie, Michael E. Dikeman, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch, K. E. Gregory, L. D. Van VleckAbstract:The influence of different levels of ad- justed fat thickness (AFT) and HCW slaughter end points (covariates) on estimates of breed and retained heterosis effects was studied for 14 carcass traits from serially slaughteRed purebRed and composite steers from the US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC). Contrasts among breed solutions were estimated at 0.7, 1.1, and 1.5 cm of AFT, and at 295.1, 340.5, and 385.9 kg of HCW. For constant slaughter age, contrasts were adjusted to the overall mean (432.5 d). Breed effects for Red Poll, Hereford, Limousin, Braunvieh, Pinzgauer, Gelbvieh, Simmental, Charolais, MARC I, MARC II, and MARC III were estimated as deviations from An- gus. In addition, purebReds were pooled into 3 groups based on lean-to-fat ratio, and then differences were estimated among groups. Retention of combined indi- vidual and maternal heterosis was estimated for each composite. Mean retained heterosis for the 3 composites also was estimated. Breed rankings and expression of heterosis varied within and among end points. For ex- ample, Charolais had greater (P < 0.05) dressing per- centages than Angus at the 2 largest levels of AFT and smaller (P < 0.01) percentages at the 2 largest levels of
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Comparison of Longhorn- and Red Poll-SiRed Calves from CrossbRed Dams Calving at Two or Three Years of Age1
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2004Co-Authors: X.h. Liu, Larry V. Cundiff, A. Pêrez Marquez, L. D. Van VleckAbstract:Abstract Calving difficulty, survival from birth to weaning, birth weight, and weaning weight of 167 calves and carcass traits of 88 cattle (63 for adjusted fat thickness) were compaRed for progeny of Red Poll and Longhorn bulls mated to crossbRed cows that calved at 2 or 3 yr of age. Results indicated that LonghornsiRed calves requiRed 28% less assistance at calving than Red Poll-siRed calves when dams calved at 2 yr of age (P≤0.05), but there was no difference between Red Poll- and Longhorn-siRed calves for calving difficulty with 3-yr-old cows. Red Poll-siRed calves had significantly greater birth and weaning BW than did Longhorn-siRed calves for 2-yr-old dams. Significant differences attributable to sire breed were found only for bone percentage of progeny of 3-yr-old dams, but not for carcass weight, fat thickness, longissimus area, USDA quality grades, and percentages retail product, fat trim, or bone. There was a significant interaction between sire breed and age of dam only for calving difficulty. Within sire breed, calving difficulty of 2-yr-old dams was greater than that for 3-yr-old dams, and calves from 2-yr-old dams also were significantly lighter at weaning than were calves from 3-yr-old dams (P
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Breed Comparisons of Weight, Weight Adjusted for Condition Score, Height, and Condition Score of Beef Cows1
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2004Co-Authors: J A Arango, Larry V. Cundiff, L. D. Van VleckAbstract:Breeds were compaRed for differences in BW (n = 56,731), heights (n = 51,407) and body condition scores (BCS, n = 56,371) of 2- to 8-yr-old cows from four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program at the U. S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC). Angus, Hereford, and topcross cows from 22 breeds of sires were produced. The mixed model for repeated measures of BW, height, and BCS included random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects of the cow. Differences among crosses were significant for all traits. In general, BW, within cycle, was greater for cows siRed by breeds of large size and low milk production (Chianina and Charolais) than for those of large size and moderate milk production (Maine Anjou, Salers, and Shorthorn), moderate size and moderate milk production (Angus and South Devon), moderate size and low milk production (Hereford), and small size and low milk production (Galloway and Longhorn). Breeds of moderate size and moderately high milk production (Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Tarentaise) were even lighter. Cows with Jersey sires were separated from all other breed groups because of light BW. Cows with sires of British origin tended to be lighter than those of continental European origin. Cows with Bos indicus sires (Brahman and Nellore) ranked between other breeds of large and moderate size for BW or for BW adjusted for BCS. In general, adjustment for BCS did not alter rankings of breed groups for differences in cow BW. Differences among breed groups for height closely followed differences for BW.
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Estimation of direct and maternal breed effects for pRediction of expected progeny differences for birth and weaning weights in three multibreed populations.
Journal of animal science, 1997Co-Authors: F A Rodríguez-almeida, L. D. Van Vleck, Keith E. GregoryAbstract:Direct and maternal breed effects on birth and 200-d weights were estimated for nine parental breeds (Hereford [H], Angus [A], Braunvieh [B], Limousin [L], Charolais [C], Simmental [S], Gelbvieh [G], Red Poll [R], and Pinzgauer [P]) that contributed to three composite populations (MARC I = 1/4B, 1/4C, 1/4L, 1/8H, 1/8A; MARC II = 1/4G, 1/4S, 1/4H, 1/4A; and MARC III = 1/4R, 1/4P, 1/4H, 1/4A). Records from each population, the composite plus pure breeds and crosses used to create each composite, were analyzed separately. The animal model included fixed effects of contemporary group (birth year-sex-dam age), proportions of individual and maternal heterosis and breed inheritance as covariates, and random effects of additive direct genetic (a) and additive maternal genetic (m) with covariance (a,m), permanent environment, and residual. Sampling correlations among estimates of genetic fixed effects were large, especially between direct and maternal heterosis and between direct and maternal breed genetic effects for the same breed, which were close to -1. This resulted in some large estimates with opposite sign and large standard errors for direct and maternal breed genetic effects. Data from a diallel experiment with H, A, B, and R breeds, from grading up and from a top cross experiment were requiRed to separate breed effects satisfactorily into direct and maternal genetic effects. Results indicate that estimation of direct and maternal breed effects needed to pRedict hybrid EPD for multibreed populations from field data may not be possible. Information from designed crossbreeding experiments will need to be incorporated in some way.